scholarly journals Project Gatekeeper: An Entrance Control System Embedded Radiation Detection Capability for Security Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2957
Author(s):  
Peter G. Martin ◽  
Yannick Verbelen ◽  
Elia Sciama Bandel ◽  
Mark Andrews ◽  
Thomas B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Nuclear Explosive ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Gate System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Explosive Devices

Threat assessments continue to conclude that terrorist groups and individuals as well as those wanting to cause harm to society have the ambition and increasing means to acquire unconventional weapons such as improvised nuclear explosive devices and radiological disposal devices. Such assessments are given credence by public statements of intent by such groups/persons, by reports of attempts to acquire radioactive material and by law enforcement actions which have interdicted, apprehended or prevented attempts to acquire such material. As a mechanism through which to identify radioactive materials being transported on an individual’s person, this work sought to develop a detection system that is of lower-cost, reduced form-factor and more covert than existing infrastructure, while maintaining adequate sensitivity and being retrofittable into an industry standard and widely utilised Gunnebo Speed Gate system. The system developed comprised an array of six off-set Geiger–Muller detectors positioned around the gate, alongside a single scintillator detector for spectroscopy, triggered by the systems inbuilt existing IR proximity sensor. This configuration served to not only reduce the cost for such a system but also allowed for source localisation and identification to be performed. Utilising the current setup, it was possible to detect a 1 µSv/h source carried into the Speed Gate in all test scenarios, alongside locating and spectrally analysing the material in a significant number.

scholarly journals A low-cost wireless endoscope camera: a preliminary report

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lazarus ◽  
M. Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Constrained Environments ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Technology currently used for surgical endoscopy was developed and is manufactured in high-income economies. The cost of this equipment makes technology transfer to resource constrained environments difficult. We aimed to design an affordable wireless endoscope to aid visualisation during rigid endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The initial prototype aimed to replicate a 4-mm lens used in rigid cystoscopy. Methods Focus was placed on using open-source resources to develop the wireless endoscope to significantly lower the cost and make the device accessible for resource-constrained settings. An off the shelf miniature single-board computer module was used because of its low cost (US$10) and its ability to handle high-definition (720p) video. Open-source Linux software made monitor mode (“hotspot”) wireless video transmission possible. A 1280 × 720 pixel high-definition tube camera was used to generate the video signal. Video is transmitted to a standard laptop computer for display. Bench testing included latency of wireless digital video transmission. Comparison to industry standard wired cameras was made including weight and cost. The battery life was also assessed. Results In comparison with industry standard cystoscope lens, wired camera, video processing unit and light source, the prototype costs substantially less. (US$ 230 vs 28 000). The prototype is light weight (184 g), has no cables tethering and has acceptable battery life (of over 2 h, using a 1200 mAh battery). The camera transmits video wirelessly in near real time with only imperceptible latency of < 200 ms. Image quality is high definition at 30 frames per second. Colour rendering is good, and white balancing is possible. Limitations include the lack of a zoom. Conclusion The novel wireless endoscope camera described here offers equivalent high-definition video at a markedly reduced cost to contemporary industry wired units and could contribute to making minimally invasive surgery possible in resource-constrained environments.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN REGULATORY SYSTEM TOWARDS OWNERSHIP OF EXPLOSIVE DEVICES BY CIVILIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-237
Author(s):  
Zenny Rezania Dewantary ◽  
Ulya Yasmine Prisandani ◽  
Mohammad Afdha Lardo
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Supervisory System ◽  
Explosive Materials ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Explosive Devices

Indonesia possessed laws and regulation concerning the acquisition, distribution and use of armed weapons and explosive devices. A number of incidents, however, show a faulty monitoring system. Terrorist groups involved in the Surabaya bombing this year has been known to use triaseton triperoxide also known as the mother of Satan (mos), commonly used by ISIS. This fact shows a weakness in the monitoring or supervisory system put in place to control the use of armed weapons and explosive devices. In this article, the author shall discuss, using a normative-empirical juridical approach, to what extent the prevailing national law has been synchronized with the existing international convention regulating the acquisition and use of armed weapons and explosive materials or devices.

scholarly journals Naturally Derived Organic Dyes for LED Lightings of High Color Rendering and Fidelity Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunping Huang ◽  
Theodore A. Cohen ◽  
Christine K. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Continuous Emission ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Color Rendering Index ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Color Rendering ◽  
Excellent Color

<p>Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a lighting technology with a huge and ascending market. Typically, LED backlights are often paired with inorganic phosphors made from rare-earth elements (REEs) to tune the emission lineshapes for different applications. However, REE production is a resource-intensive process with many negative environmental impacts. Herein we develop organic hybrid LEDs using organic dyes synthesized from an abundant and non-toxic natural product (theobromine) to replace REE phosphors. The resulting hybrid LED generates continuous emission from 400 – 740 nm, resulting in high color rendering index (the current industry standard) of 90 and color fidelity index (the most advanced and comprehensive standard) of 92, challenging commercial LEDs based on REE phosphors. In addition, the light-converting composite is made from 99 wt% SBS, an inexpensive industrial polymer, and 1wt% theobromine dyes, reducing the cost of the light converter to ¢1.30 for a 1 W LED, compared to approximately ¢ 19.2 of commercial products. The light converting efficiency of the dye-SBS composite is 82%. Excited state kinetics experiments were also conducted to provide guidance to further increase the light-converting efficiency of the theobromine dyes while maintaining excellent color rendering and fidelity. </p>

scholarly journals Cost-Sensitive Approach to Improve the HTTP Traffic Detection Performance on Imbalanced Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wenmin Li ◽  
Sanqi Sun ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Yijie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Decision Boundaries ◽  
Traffic Detection

Aim. The purpose of this study is how to better detect attack traffic in imbalance datasets. The deep learning technology has played an important role in detecting malicious network traffic in recent years. However, it suffers serious imbalance distribution of data if the traffic model skews towards the modeling in the benign direction, because only a small portion of traffic is malicious, while most network traffic is benign. That is the reason why the authors wrote this manuscript. Methods. We propose a cost-sensitive approach to improve the HTTP traffic detection performance with imbalanced data and also present a character-level abstract feature extraction approach that can provide features with clear decision boundaries in addition. Finally, we design a spark-based HTTP traffic detection system based on these two approaches. Results. The methods proposed in this paper work well in imbalanced datasets. Compared to other methods, the experiment results indicate that our system has F1-score in a high precision. Conclusion. For imbalanced HTTP traffic detection, we confirmed that the method of feature extraction and the cost function is very effective. In the future, we may focus on how to use the cost function to further improve detection performance.

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