scholarly journals Concentric Array of Printed Strain Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zymelka ◽  
Kazuyoshi Togashi ◽  
Takeshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Crack Tips

Civil infrastructure is expanding around the world. The ever-growing trend toward urbanization drives the demand for new investments. However, the new constructions and gradual deterioration of those already existing, especially bridges, give rise to concerns about their proper maintenance. To improve safety and drive down maintenance costs of civil structures, there is a need for inexpensive sensing systems capable of reliable and automated monitoring. In this study, we present a new concept of thin-film strain sensors arranged in an array with a concentric layout that is incorporated into a flexible substrate sheet. The designed sensor array is intended to analyze strains in the proximity of round holes made at the crack tips, found in the investigated construction elements of civil structures. In this study, the performance of the sensor array was demonstrated using measurements taken on a highway bridge in one of the largest cities in Japan. We show that it can measure local strain distribution and indicate a region with risk for crack formation. The demonstrated results show new area of potential applications for the printed strain sensors in monitoring civil structures.

scholarly journals Nanowire Ring Embedded in a Flexible Substrate for Local Strain Detection

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Shengkun Li ◽  
Yue Qin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuejin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Resonant Wavelength ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
End To End

Optical sensing has attracted more and more attention in recent years with the advance in planar waveguide fabrication processes. The photon, as a carrier of information in sensing areas, could have a better performance than electrons. We propose a novel end-to-end ring cavity to fabricate sensitive units of a strain sensor. We then propose a method of combining a flexible substrate with an end-to-end semiconductor nanowire ring cavity to fabricate novel strain sensors. We used a tuning resonant wavelength detected by a homebuilt excitation and detection system to measure applied strain. The resonant wavelength of the strain gauge was red-shift and linear tuned with increasing strain. The gauge factor was about 50, calculated through experiments and theory, and Q was 1938, with structural parameters L = 70 µm and d = 1 µm. The high sensitivity makes it possible to measure micro deformation more accurately. End-to-end coupling active nanowire waveguides eliminate the shortcomings of side by side coupling structures, which have the phasing shift with no minor optical density loss. This resonator in flexible substrates could be used not only as on-chip strain sensors for micro or nano deformation detecting but also as tunable light sources for photonic integrated circuits.

scholarly journals Robotic Sensing and Systems for Smart Cities

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Hyun Myung ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Robotic Sensing

For several decades, various sensors and sensing systems have been developed for smart cities and civil infrastructure systems [...]

scholarly journals Microscale local strain gauges based on visible micro-disk lasers embedded in a flexible substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 16797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taojie Zhou ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Yuzhou Cui ◽  
Xiu Liu ◽  
Jiagen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Strain Gauges

scholarly journals Multi-Functional Soft Strain Sensors for Wearable Physiological Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josie Hughes ◽  
Fumiya Iida
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Conductive Particles

Wearable devices which monitor physiological measurements are of significant research interest for a wide number of applications including medicine, entertainment, and wellness monitoring. However, many wearable sensing systems are highly rigid and thus restrict the movement of the wearer, and are not modular or customizable for a specific application. Typically, one sensor is designed to model one physiological indicator which is not a scalable approach. This work aims to address these limitations, by developing soft sensors and including conductive particles into a silicone matrix which allows sheets of soft strain sensors to be developed rapidly using a rapid manufacturing process. By varying the morphology of the sensor sheets and electrode placement the response can be varied. To demonstrate the versatility and range of sensitivity of this base sensing material, two wearable sensors have been developed which show the detection of different physiological parameters. These include a pressure-sensitive insole sensor which can detect ground reaction forces and a strain sensor which can be worn over clothes to allow the measurements of heart rate, breathing rate, and gait.

Two-Sided Topological Architecture on a Monolithic Flexible Substrate for Ultrasensitive Strain Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (46) ◽  
pp. 43543-43552 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Yu ◽  
Yunlu Lian ◽  
Teng Sun ◽  
Xiaonan Yang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Strain Sensors

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4517
Author(s):  
Tiange Wu ◽  
Guowei Liu ◽  
Shenggui Fu ◽  
Fei Xing
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Sensing Systems

In recent years, with the development of materials science and architectural art, ensuring the safety of modern buildings is the top priority while they are developing toward higher, lighter, and more unique trends. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is currently an extremely effective and vital safeguard measure. Because of the fiber-optic sensor’s (FOS) inherent distinctive advantages (such as small size, lightweight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and corrosion, and embedding capability), a significant number of innovative sensing systems have been exploited in the civil engineering for SHM used in projects (including buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc.). The purpose of this review article is devoted to presenting a summary of the basic principles of various fiber-optic sensors, classification and principles of FOS, typical and functional fiber-optic sensors (FOSs), and the practical application status of the FOS technology in SHM of civil infrastructure.

Focused Ion Beam Nano-Machined Structures For Strain Analysis By A Moiré Technique

2002 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
In Situ Deposition ◽  
Potential Applications

ABSTRACTThe accurate determination of residual stress/strain in thin films is especially important in the emerging field of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). In this article, a focused ion beam (FIB) moiré method is proposed and demonstrated to measure the strain in MEMS structures. This technique is based on the advantages of the FIB system in nano-fabrication, imaging, in-situ deposition, and fine adjustment. Nano-grating lines with 70 nm width and 140 nm spacing are directly written on the top of the MEMS structures by ion milling without the requirement of an etch mask. The FIB moiré pattern is formed by the interference between a prepared specimen grating and FIB raster scan lines. The strain of the MEMS structures is derived by calculating the average spacing of moiré fringes. Since the local strain of a MEMS structure itself can be monitored during the process, the FIB moiré technique has many potential applications in the mechanical metrology of MEMS. As an example, the strain distribution along the sticking MEMS structures, and the contribution of surface oxidization and mass loading to the cantilever strain is determined by this FIB moiré technique.

Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Alam ◽  
M A Youssef ◽  
M Nehdi
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Effect ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Constitutive Material

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are special materials with a substantial potential for various civil engineering applications. The novelty of such materials lies in their ability to undergo large deformations and return to their undeformed shape through stress removal (superelasticity) or heating (shape-memory effect). In particular, SMAs have distinct thermomechanical properties, including superelasticity, shape-memory effect, and hysteretic damping. These properties could be effectively utilized to substantially enhance the safety of various structures. Although the high cost of SMAs is still limiting their use, research investigating their production and processing is expected to make it more cost-competitive. Thus, it is expected that SMAs will emerge as an essential material in the construction industry. This paper examines the fundamental characteristics of SMAs, the constitutive material models of SMAs, and the factors influencing the engineering properties of SMAs. Some of the potential applications of SMAs are discussed, including the reinforcement and repair of structural elements, prestress applications, and the development of kernel components for seismic devices such as dampers and isolators. The paper synthesizes existing information on the properties of SMAs, presents it in concise and useful tables, and explains different alternatives for the application of SMAs, which should motivate researchers and practicing engineers to extend the use of SMAs in novel and emerging applications.Key words: shape memory alloy, superelasticity, shape-memory effect, construction, retrofitting.

Development of optical sensing systems for smart civil infrastructure

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1A) ◽  
pp. A114-A120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Q Feng ◽  
H Suzuki ◽  
I Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensing ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Sensing Systems

Low Cost Integrated Sensors Utilizing Patterned Nano-Structured Titania Arrays Fabricated Using a Simple Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuruzi Abu Samah ◽  
Andrei Kolmakov ◽  
Martin Moskovits ◽  
Noel C. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nano Wires ◽  
Low Temperature Process

ABSTRACTUsing a novel low-temperature process, we demonstrate the facile integration of crack-free nanostructured titania (NST) as sensing elements in microsystems. Unlike conventional sol-gel methods, NST layers of interconnected nano-walls and nano-wires were formed by reacting Ti surfaces with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Cracks were observed in NST layers formed on blanket Ti films but absent on arrays of patterned Ti pads below a threshold dimension. Analyses using TEM, high resolution SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that NST consists of anatase TiO2 nano-crystals. NST pads were found able to detect oxygen gas of a few ppm. NST pad arrays were integrated on rigid and flexible substrates with potential applications in low cost and wearable sensing systems.

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