scholarly journals Understanding the Washing Damage to Textile ECG Dry Skin Electrodes, Embroidered and Fabric-Based; set up of Equivalent Laboratory Tests

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Shahood uz Zaman ◽  
Xuyuan Tao ◽  
Cédric Cochrane ◽  
Vladan Koncar
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up

Reliability and washability are major hurdles facing the e-textile industry nowadays. The main fear behind the product’s rejection is the inability to ensure its projected life span. The durability of e-textiles is based on an approximate lifetime of both the electronics and textiles integrated into the product. A detailed analysis of the wash process and the possibility of predicting product behavior are key factors for new standards implementation. This manuscript is focused on the washability issues of different types of woven, knitted, and embroidered, textile-based ECG electrodes. These electrodes are used without the addition of any ionic gel to the skin to reduce impedance. They were subjected to up to 50 wash cycles with two different types of wash processes, and changes in surface resistance, as well as the quality of ECG waves, were observed To investigate the wash damages in detail, the proposed mechanical (Martindale and Pilling box) and chemical test methods were investigated. The electrodes which increased resistance after washing showed the same trend in the proposed test methods. Copper-based electrodes suffered the most severe damage and increased resistance, as was also visible in an SEM analysis. These proposed test methods can be used to predict robustness behavior without washing.

scholarly journals Reuse Feasibility of Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge of Textile Industry in the Manufacturing of Building Blocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Mehedi Adyel ◽  
Syed Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Moniruz Zaman ◽  
Hossain Md. Sayem ◽  
Mala Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Metal Hydroxide ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Foreign Exchange Earning ◽  
Textile Industries

During the last decade, the growing load of sludge from textile industries, the top foreign exchange earning sector of Bangladesh, is a common nuisance to environmental system and community health. The present study was aimed to minimize the environmental impact from the disposal of Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge (EMHS) by using it as a partial substitute of clay in the manufacturing of construction material like building blocks (BBs). Different batches of normal and pressurized building blocks (NBBs and PBBs, resp.) were prepared using up to 50% EMHS with clay and then fired at a particular temperature. EMHS proportion in the mixture and firing temperature were two key factors determining the quality of BB. BB did not show any deformation or uneven surfaces at any of the examined firing temperature. At higher firing temperature and EMHS proportion, more weight loss and shrinkage of BB were noticed. Higher compressive strength and lower water adsorption were found at lower EMHS content and higher firing temperature. It was explored that NBB and PBB with 20 and 30% EMHS in clay, respectively, and fired at 1050 °C would be usable for nonloading applications; namely, ornamental bricks, decoration purposes, and fence of garden.

scholarly journals Traditional versus Modern? Perceptions and Preferences of Urban Park Users in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Fariba Bahriny ◽  
Simon Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Aspects

This study involved four parks in Iran—two modern ones located in Tehran and two historical, traditional examples, one in Kashan and one in Esfahan—in order to ask what are the key factors contributing to the satisfaction of visitors to the two types of park and also to compare user’s perceptions and values of the different types. An extensive questionnaire survey was conducted in each park, with a target of 300 responses, using a random sampling technique. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of a number of factors, while thinking about the park they were visiting, using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was undertaken. The results of the scores revealed differences between the two types of park. A factor analysis of the pooled results revealed that the key aspects contributing to a visit were named as ‘having fun and enjoying oneself’, in a place with ‘no barriers to using the park’ and ‘leaving one’s cares behind’ followed by ‘relaxing in the presence of natural beauty’. A further Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling analysis was undertaken to determine the main factors affecting the differences in preference for each type of park in relation to the key demographic variables. This revealed that the modern parks were preferred over the traditional ones for three significant sets of factors—recreation, accessibility and culture—and that there was a tendency for the historical parks to been favoured by more educated people. The conclusions are that the modern parks support the main preferred activities to support the quality of life of the population—not through their design per se but because they offer many more recreational opportunities. There is potential to include traditional elements such as water features more into parks. Park planners can take the findings and use them to help improve the quality of the parks over time.

scholarly journals Determinants of innovation by agri-food firms in rural Spain: an MCA PLS-SEM analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xosé-Manuel Martínez-Filgueira ◽  
David Peón ◽  
Edelmiro López-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Rural World

The development of a sustainable rural world must have an innovative agri-food industry as one of its bases. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the main drivers of innovation by small and medium agri-food companies in Spain. A combined multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is performed to identify the key factors among 63 indicators in the domains of the technology-organisation-environmental approach. The results suggest an open field of research. Positively related to innovation are firm capacities and financial resources. Moreover, agri-food firms innovate in products, processes or marketing in order to increase sales, enter new markets, or increase the quality of their products. On the contrary, most of these firms did not innovate to reduce costs or time of response, meet regulatory compliance or maintain employment. Authorities should be aware that smaller and younger agri-food firms face more restrictions to innovate, and firms feel public policies could help to meet market demand as a driving force of innovation. On the contrary, essential objectives of regional development such as environmental compliance and maintaining employment seem to depend solely on public action.

scholarly journals Preparation of dahi from buffalo milk and blends with soy milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
MN Islam ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
MSR Siddiki ◽  
MS Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Physical Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
C 50

The present study was conducted to measure the feasibility of using soy milk as a supplement for the preparation of dahi from buffalo milk. In this experiment, four different types of dahi were prepared by partial replacement of buffalo milk with soy milk named A (control-100% Buffalo Milk), B (75% Buffalo Milk + 25% Soy Milk), C (50% Buffalo Milk +50% Soy Milk) and D (25% Buffalo Milk + 75% Soy Milk).The prepared samples were judged by a panel of expert judges for organoleptic qualities and analyzed for chemical tests. From the results of physical study, it was found that the overall organoleptic (viz. smell and taste, body and texture, color and appearance) score of A, B, C and D types dahi varied significantly (P<0.01). From the results of the chemical test, the moisture and protein content increased significantly (P<0.05), while fat, acidity, total solids and mineral contents significantly decreased due to addition of soy milk. From the findings of this work, it was concluded that 25% replacement of buffalo milk with soy milk could be used successfully which would produce dahi nearly similar to the quality of that made exclusively from buffalo milk.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):137-142

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND TYPE OF GRAIN ON POPULATIONS OF SITOPHILUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) AND ON THEIR MYCETOMAL MICROORGANISMS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Musgrave ◽  
G. C. Ashton ◽  
R. Homan
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Index ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Statistical Interactions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Set Up

Known numbers of parents of four described different types of Sitophilus weevils, normally reared on wheat at 27 °C, were used, in several experiments, to set up cultures on three kinds of grain at three different temperatures. The resulting progeny were counted and weighed. In an attempt to assess the quality of the populations a "productivity index" was devised as milligrams of progeny per milligram of parent. Many of the results were subjected to statistical analysis.Some of the findings indicated by the general biological observations made, and by the several statistical interactions manifested, were the following. Though the different types of weevils were differently affected by being reared on different kinds of grain, all types were adversely affected by being reared on white rice. The response of the different types of weevils to a rearing temperature of 31 °C varied with the kind of grain and type of weevil, and, in one type, was associated with loss of mycetomal microorganisms. In contrast, a type of weevil (MW) normally free of mycetomal microorganisms at 27 °C was less affected adversely by being reared at 31 °C than the corresponding type (GG) normally harboring them. It is suggested that, in precise work with these weevils, investigators should determine with which strain they are working. Cause and effect are discussed. It is suggested that no single index can adequately express simultaneously both the quality and quantity of a population.

The Rheology of Processing Quality of Raw Rubbers

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Processing Defects ◽  
Processing Control ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Processing Properties

Abstract After a crude rubber, such as Hevea or GR-S, has been compounded with the ingredients necessary for vulcanizing, or curing, the raw mix must be formed in some way before it is cured. This forming operation is nearly always either calendering or extruding. Naturally, it is important that the stock should take the desired form as closely as possible; but in practice it is found that elastomers are in general difficult to form. It seems to be inevitable that those materials which exhibit long-range elasticity after curing also exhibit considerable elasticity before curing and refuse, therefore, to hold their shape after a forming operation. This and other processing troubles were handled in the early history of the rubber industry simply by trial-and-error methods in the factories. Later, particularly during the last ten years, further progress in processing problems was made by introducing various plastometers and other devices for testing specific properties of the raw stock. These test methods replaced simple tests by hand and by visual inspection, and made it possible to set up specifications for some of the stock properties empirically found necessary for acceptable processing. As a final step in processing control, there are now being developed, in the industry, methods for making quantitative measurements of particular processing defects. Such methods involve a small or full-scale processing operation under standardized conditions, and a standardized procedure for quantitative evaluation of the results in terms of departures from perfection. In the present discussion of processing quality of raw stocks in the rubber industry, various specific processing defects are described, various rheological methods used for testing raw stocks are mentioned, and finally, a few experimental results are reported which show correlations between some of the rheological tests and quantitative measurements of certain processing properties.

scholarly journals A crowdsourcing approach to track the expansion of the brown marmorated stinkbug Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Chartois ◽  
Jean-Claude Streito ◽  
Éric Pierre ◽  
Jean-Marc Armand ◽  
Jonathan Gaudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
The South ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Set Up

Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), the brown marmorated stinkbug (BMSB) is a highly successful invasive species, native to eastern Asia. It has managed to spread into North America and Europe in recent decades, causing severe damage to various crops. BMSB has been detected in Europe in 2004 and has since expanded in more than 20 countries from Sweden to Greece and Spain to Turkey, the South European Territory of Russia (Krasnodar region) and Abkhazia. In 2012, we set up a citizen science survey to monitor BMSB expansion in France. The present crowdsourcing survey was initiated in 2012 and provided a large number of occurrence points of BMSB. These data allowed to track the expansion of the species in France from 2012 to 2019 and brought information about its phenology and distribution in various habitats. The dataset comprises both valid and invalid sightings, thereby allowing us to examine changes in the quality of citizen reports during the course of the survey. Despite a large proportion of misidentifications, the survey provided a large number of valid occurrences. Furthermore, valuable information on hemipterans of Pentatomidae and Coreidae families entering habitations were also gathered. The dataset also illustrates that, although designed for a large public, the Agiir application was mostly used by urban dwellers with very few sightings stemming from professionals of agricultural sectors.

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