scholarly journals Monitoring Biochemical and Structural Changes in Human Periodontal Ligaments during Orthodontic Treatment by Means of Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Perillo ◽  
Fabrizia d’Apuzzo ◽  
Maddalena Illario ◽  
Luigi Laino ◽  
Gaetano Di Spigna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Force Application ◽  
Interchain Interactions

The aim of the study was to examine the biochemical and structural changes occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic-force application using micro-Raman spectroscopy ( μ -RS). Adolescent and young patients who needed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions were recruited. Before extractions, orthodontic forces were applied using a closed-coil spring that was positioned between the molar and premolar. Patients were randomly divided into three groups, whose extractions were performed after 2, 7, and 14 days of force application. From the extracted premolars, PDL samples were obtained, and a fixation procedure with paraformaldehyde was adopted. Raman spectra were acquired for each PDL sample in the range of 1000–3200 cm − 1 and the more relevant vibrational modes of proteins (Amide I and Amide III bands) and CH 2 and CH 3 modes were shown. Analysis indicated that the protein structure in the PDL samples after different time points of orthodontic-force application was modified. In addition, changes were observed in the CH 2 and CH 3 high wavenumber region due to local hypoxia and mechanical force transduction. The reported results indicated that μ -RS provides a valuable tool for investigating molecular interchain interactions and conformational modifications in periodontal fibers after orthodontic tooth movement, providing quantitative insight of time occurring for PDL molecular readjustment.

scholarly journals Wilckodontics: The Periodontal Orthodontics

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 053-056
Author(s):  
Ritunja Singh ◽  
Shilpa Chourasia ◽  
Palak Sharma ◽  
Soumya Gupta ◽  
Gangesh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Clinical Procedure ◽  
Force Application

AbstractPeriodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO), also known as Wilckodontics, is a clinical procedure that combines corticotomy (a surgical technique in which the bone is cut, perforated, or mechanically altered), particulate bone grafting, and orthodontic force application. By this procedure, the teeth can be made to move through the bone rapidly by means of harnessing and stimulating the innate potential of the bone and utilizing tissue engineering principles. Once the tooth movement gets completed, bone rebuilds around the tooth, thereby reducing the time of orthodontic treatment from years to months. This article aims to present a comprehensive review about PAOO or Wilckodontics.

A new approach to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in women: Orthodontic force application after ovulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Xu ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Siwei Yang ◽  
Guangxin Fu ◽  
Yangxi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Force Application

The effects of orthodontic tooth movement in endodontically treated teeth

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Sabrina Haque ◽  
Mehreen Zakir
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Treatment Application

There are no relevant contraindications to orthodontic treatment of previously endodontically treated teeth, considering the quality of the obturated teeth, the health of the periodontal membrane, along with careful application of orthodontic force. Although, there is usually some degree of reversible or transient pulpal inflammation  even  in  healthy  teeth  during  orthodontic  treatment,  application  of  light  and  intermittent orthodontic force will reduce the risks provided sufficient time is given to allow proper repair of the dental tissue.  However,  there  may  be  a  few  hazards  associated  with  the  treatment  of  endodontically  involved teeth, some of which mainly include root resorption and ankylosis. This article will show some cases of teeth which had undergone  root canal treatment prior to orthodontic management and further observed whether orthodontic tooth movement had caused any resorption in the root filled teeth.  Root canal treated teeth can be moved orthodontically to the same extent as vital teeth, providing, a controlled force applica- tion to avoid risk of inflammatory root resorption. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.12-15

scholarly journals Effect of orthodontic forces on levels of enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF): A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 40.e1-40.e22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kapoor ◽  
Nitika Monga ◽  
Om Prakash Kharbanda ◽  
Sunil Kapila ◽  
Ragini Miglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Force Application ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Objective: Orthodontic force application releases multiple enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for activation, resorption, reversal, deposition of osseous elements and extracellular matrix degradation. The current systematic review critically evaluated all existing evidence on enzymes in orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Literature was searched with predetermined search strategy on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase), along with hand search. Results: Initial search identified 652 studies, shortlisted to 52 studies based on PRISMA. Quality assessment further led to final inclusion of 48 studies (13 moderately and 35 highly sensitive studies). Primary outcomes are significant upregulation in GCF levels of enzymes-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β-glucuronidase (βG), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and down regulation in cathepsin B (Cb). Site specificity is shown by ALP, TRAP, AST, LDH, MMP9 with levels at compression site increasing earlier and in higher quantities compared with tension site. ALP levels are higher at tension site only in retention. A positive correlation of LDH, ALP and AST is also observed with increasing orthodontic force magnitude. Conclusions: A strong evidence of variation in enzymes (ALP, AST, ACP TRAP, LDH, MMPs, Cb) in GCF is found in association with different magnitude, stages and sites of orthodontic force application.

An Innovative Approach for Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement Stimulated by Corticotomy and Alveolar Grafting withAutogenous Demineralized Dentin Graft of Extracted Premolar- A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gupta V
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

In today's era, there is an increased demand for orthodontic treatment, especially among young patients. The greatest concern amongst the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is the increased treatment time. The fixed orthodontic treatment lasts up to 2 to 3 years which further increases the risk of complications associated with the treatment such as external root resorption, periodontal problems, and patient compliance [1]. Clinicians are constantly striving towards developing strategies to enhance the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and decreasing the treatment time. Numerous surgical modalities found to be highly effective in reducing the treatment time for orthodontic therapy include corticotomy, corticision, peizocision, periodontal distraction, dentoalveolar distraction etc. [2]. Wilcko et al. [3] introduced the combined approach corticotomy surgery with alveolar grafting in a technique referred to as Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (AOO) and recently known as Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). Many studies dictated that PAOO is an extremely predictable, safe, effective technique. The risk of root resorption and the duration of treatment time is considerably reduced [3-5]. The present article focuses on accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement using a Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) graft, alloplast and PRF membranes to reduce the treatment time and improves soft and hard tissue healing outcomes.

scholarly journals PROFIL OSTEOBLAS DAN OSTEOKLAS TULANG ALVEOLAR PADA MODEL TIKUS DIABETES TAHAP AWAL DENGAN APLIKASIGAYA ORTODONTI YANG BERBEDA

el–Hayah ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nuzulul Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Force Application ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Diabetic Treatment

<p><em>Orthodontic tooth movement is obtained through </em><em>alveolar bone remodeling</em><em>. Alveolar bone remodeling includes reso</em><em>rption</em><em> process </em><em>that </em><em>played by osteoclasts and </em><em>bone formed</em><em> process </em><em>that </em><em>played by osteoblasts. Diabetes affects </em><em>on </em><em>orthodontic tooth movement. </em><em>The magnitude of</em><em> orthodontic force </em><em>that</em><em> applied </em><em>in</em><em> the early stages of diabetic conditions,</em><em> would be</em><em> a consideration of the </em><em>alveolar bone</em><em> remodeling process. The purpose of this study was to determine osteo</em><em>b</em><em>last and osteo</em><em>c</em><em>last</em><em> profile </em><em>in </em><em>early stage of rat diabetic </em><em>models </em><em>with different</em><em> orthodontic force application. 2</em><em>4</em><em> Wistar rats were divided into </em><em>three</em><em> groups of control</em><em>s andthree groups of early stage of</em><em> diabetic treatment with different orthodontic force application (10, 20, and 30 </em><em>gramforce</em><em>/</em><em>g</em><em>r</em><em>f). The results showed an increase</em><em>d </em><em>of osteoclast</em><em> numbers in early stage of</em><em> diabet</em><em>es and will be increased along with the increased of orthodontic force. </em><em>The results </em><em>also </em><em>showed</em><em> a decreased of </em><em>osteoblast</em><em> number in early stage of</em><em> diabet</em><em>es, but it would be increased along with the increased of orthodontic force</em><em>. </em></p>

Orthodontic Force–Induced BMAL1 in PDLCs Is a Vital Osteoclastic Activator

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110199
Author(s):  
Y. Xie ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
S. Yu ◽  
W. Zheng ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) depends on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) sensing biomechanical stimuli and subsequently releasing signals to initiate alveolar bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which PDLCs sense biomechanical stimuli and affect osteoclastic activities are still unclear. This study demonstrates that the core circadian protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator–like protein 1 (BMAL1) in PDLCs is highly involved in sensing and delivering biomechanical signals. Orthodontic force upregulates BMAL1 expression in periodontal tissues and cultured PDLCs in manners dependent on ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase) and AP1 (activator protein 1). Increased BMAL1 expression can enhance secretion of CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine 2) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor–κB ligand) in PDLCs, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of monocytes that differentiate into osteoclasts. The mechanistic delineation clarifies that AP1 induced by orthodontic force can directly interact with the BMAL1 promoter and activate gene transcription in PDLCs. Localized administration of the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 or the BMAL1 inhibitor GSK4112 suppressed ERK/AP1/BMAL1 signaling. These treatments dramatically reduced osteoclastic activity in the compression side of a rat orthodontic model, and the OTM rate was almost nonexistent. In summary, our results suggest that force-induced expression of BMAL1 in PDLCs is closely involved in controlling osteoclastic activities during OTM and plays a vital role in alveolar bone remodeling. It could be a useful therapeutic target for accelerating the OTM rate and controlling pathologic bone-remodeling activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Simina Chelărescu ◽  
Petra Șurlin ◽  
Mioara Decusară ◽  
Mădălina Oprică ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

scholarly journals Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinichi Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Orthodontic Forces ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

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