scholarly journals Mobile Acoustic Wave Platform Deployment in the Amazon River: Impact of the Water Sample on the Love Wave Sensor Response

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ollivier Tamarin ◽  
Maxence Rube ◽  
Jean Luc Lachaud ◽  
Vincent Raimbault ◽  
Dominique Rebière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Love Wave ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Response ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Readout Electronic ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Term Objective

This paper presents an experimental platform allowing in situ measurement in an aqueous medium using an acoustic Love wave sensor. The aim of this platform, which includes the sensor, a test cell for electrical connections, a microfluidic chip, and a readout electronic circuit, is to realize a first estimation of water quality without transportation of water samples from the field to the laboratory as a medium-term objective. In the first step, to validate the ability of such a platform to operate in the field and in Amazonian water, an isolated and difficult-to-access location, namely, the floodplain Logo Do Curuaï in the Brazilian Amazon, was chosen. The ability of such a platform to be transported, installed on site, and used is discussed in terms of user friendliness and versatility. The response of the Love wave sensor to in situ water samples is estimated according to the physical parameters of Amazonian water. Finally, the very good quality of the acoustic response is established, potential further improvements are discussed, and the paper is concluded.

scholarly journals Quality of water sources in Southwestern Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT): a cross-sectional descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693
Author(s):  
Richard Onyuthi Apecu ◽  
Lucas Ampaire ◽  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Fred Norman Bagenda ◽  
Afsatou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gravitational Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Compartment Bag Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of water sources in the two rural areas of Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT). In total, 200 water samples were collected from 69 different water sources and processed within 6 h of collection. Positive and negative controls were processed each day together with water samples. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Descriptive statistics were used to generate mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and percentages. The results indicated that 29% of the water sources met the National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for drinking water. Sixty percent of the borehole, 44% of gravitational flow taps and 14% of roof rain water met the required standards. Of the open water sources, 75% of the rivers, 50% of open channels and 43% of unprotected dug wells plus 25% of protected springs and 9% of gravitational flow schemes had most probable number counts >100 Escherichia coli/100 mL of water. Most of the water sources in the study areas were not fit for human consumption without prior treatment. The CBT was found to be robust and easy to use in all field situations. The mean physical parameters of water sources were within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern of Water Quality on Coral Reef Area Around Kaledupa Island

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiwijaya L. Salim ◽  
Dini Purbani ◽  
Agustin Rustam ◽  
Yulius ◽  
Devi D. Suryono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Coral Reef Area ◽  
Healthy Coral

Healthy coral reefs depends on the quality of the waters , so that research and monitoring of water quality becomes important. This research attempt to asses marine waters quality at kaledupa island and it’ s surrounding waters on October and November 2014. 33 In-situ samples were collected using multiparameters tool purposively which are categorized into  physical parameters (temperature, turbidity and clarity), and chemical parameters (DO, salinity and pH). Waters quality defined by STORET method based on Ministry of Living Environment decree number 115 year of 2003. Analysis geographically has been conducted to describe distribution of waters quality spatially. The result shows that Kaledupa waters has sustain slightly pollution, especially on DO, turbidity, temperature and salinity parameters which have deviated from standard values. The light pollution in Kaledupa waters is suspected caused by the entry of abundance organic matter and shallow bathymetry.

Climatology of very high ionospheric electron temperature occurrences as observed by Swarm constellation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igino Coco ◽  
Giuseppe Consolini ◽  
Paola De Michelis ◽  
Fabio Giannattasio ◽  
Michael Pezzopane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Langmuir Probes ◽  
Swarm Satellites ◽  
High Electron Temperature ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Very High

<p>After more than seven years in orbit, the ESA Swarm satellites have provided an already large statistics of measurements of several important physical parameters of the ionosphere. In particular, electron density and temperature are measured by pairs of Langmuir Probes, and the quality of such data is now considered good enough for many studies, either science cases or climatological characterisations. Concerning specifically the electron temperature, a rather elusive parameter which is quite difficult to correctly characterize “in situ”, and for which the past literature is not so abundant with respect to other ionospheric physical quantities, the overall distributions observed by Swarm are qualitatively consistent with expectations from theory and past observations. However, a non-negligible amount of high and very high electron temperature values is regularly observed, whose distributions and properties are not trivial. In this study we aim at characterizing such features statistically as a function of latitude, local time, and season.</p>

Wetland Ecosystem Monitoring Through Water Quality Perspectives

2022 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Shahid Ahmad Dar ◽  
Sami Ullah Bhat ◽  
Sajad Ahmad Dar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Physico Chemical

Water quality monitoring is an important tool in determining the safety and suitability of water for various desired and intended uses. The procedures involved in the evaluation of water quality are numerous and multifaceted. Therefore, taking into consideration the specific objectives of water quality monitoring, sampling design is of vital importance. Most of the physical parameters of water quality are determined via in-situ measurements using modern testing equipment/field testing kits. Although there are some good field-based sensors that are being used for evaluation of water quality, the chemical parameters traditionally are mostly analyzed through laboratory-based experiments. This chapter is aimed to offer an inclusive knowledge and insights on the importance and assessment of physico-chemical parameters that are of high priority for monitoring the water quality of wetlands.

Architectural Models for Measurement of Daylight Factor

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Bosova ◽  
Lenka Prokopova
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Real Space ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
The Real ◽  
Architectural Models

Daylight factor is one of the physical parameters affecting indoor environmental. We can determine this factor in many ways. The main ways are computational methods, in situ measurements and finally measurements in architectural models. Measurements in models enable us comparison both measurements under real sky and under artificial sky. We can study changes in internal conditions - the colors and variability of the interiors and potential variability of window openings. Using of mini - photometer head in measurements enable us to give precision quality of design daylight in interior and validate computational methods for the real space.

scholarly journals Integrated Lighting Efficiency Analysis in Large Industrial Buildings to Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Katunský ◽  
Erika Dolníková ◽  
Saeed Doroudiani
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Indoor Lighting

We present observations from evaluation of internal environmental quality of industrial halls with priority on daylighting in combination with the integral lighting. The physical parameters related to indoor lighting in large industrial halls in winter and summer periods were analyzed using in situ measurements and computational methods. These are part of a comprehensive research on indoor environmental quality of industrial halls with the aims of saving energy and providing a comfortable environment for the workers while improving the productivity. The results showed that the procedures used for evaluation of residential or office buildings may not be used for industrial buildings. We also observed that the criteria of occupants’ comforts for indoor industrial buildings may differ from those of other kinds of buildings. Based on these results, an adequate attention is required for designing the industrial buildings. For this reason, appropriate evaluation methods and criteria should be created. We found the measured values of daylight factor very close to the skylight component of the total illumination. The skylight component was observed on average 30% that of the measured daylight factor values. Although the daylight is not emphasized when designing the industrial buildings and its contribution is small, but it is very important for the workers psychology and physiology. The workers must feel a connection with the exterior environment; otherwise, their productivity decreases.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FISIKA KIMIA AIR DANAU PANIAI-PAPUA UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA IKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Maximus M Kayame ◽  
Erni Indrawati ◽  
Sri Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Composite Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelayakan perairan berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia perairan danau Paniai untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mengkaji kondisi kualitas air perairan danau Paniai, Papua. Pengambilan dan pengukuran sampel air pada setiap lokasi sampling dilakukan dengan metode composite sampling (gabungan tempat). Contoh air danau diambil pada permukaan dan pertengahan. Pengukuran dan pengumpulan data dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali dengan interval waktu antar pengukuran selama 1 bulan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan parameter fisika masih memenuhi syarat baku mutu, parameter kimia, dari delapan parameter yang diukur terdapat 3 parameter yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu yaitu, H2S, Nitrat dan Posfat. Hal ini menunjjukan bahwa tingginya buangan limbah dari sektor pertanian dan rumah tangga yang masuk ke dalam danau dan berpontesi terjadinya eutrofikasi dan peledakan pertumbuhan tanaman air. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the waters based on the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters of Paniai lake for fish farming activities. This research is a quantitative descriptive study by examining the condition of the water quality of the waters of Lake Paniai, Papua. Water samples were taken and measured at each sampling location using the composite sampling method (combined places). Lake water samples were taken at the surface and in the middle. Measurement and data collection were carried out 2 times with an interval of 1 month between measurements. The results showed that the physical parameters still show the quality standard requirements, chemical parameters, from the eight parameters measured there were 3 parameters that did not show the quality standards, namely, H2S, Nitrate and Phosphate. This shows that the high discharge of waste from the agricultural and household sectors that enters the lake has the potential for eutrophication and explosive growth of aquatic plants.

scholarly journals Pollution Physique Et Bactériologique De L’eau Du Fleuve Dans La Basse Vallée De L’ouémé Pendant Les Périodes De Basses Et Hautes Eaux Au Bénin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adjagodo A. ◽  
Agassounon Djikpo Tchibozo M. ◽  
Kelomè N.C. ◽  
Vissin E.W. ◽  
Agbossou E.
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
High Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

The objective of this study is to assess the water river quality of the Lower Valley of Ouémé in Benin. Two river water sampling campaigns were carried out during low and high water. At each sampling campaign, eleven (11) sampling sites were selected and at each site four samples were taken, making a total of 44 water samples. Hydrogen potential, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter and turbidity were measured in situ. Fecal contamination germs such as total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci were counted by the membrane filtration technique. The results of the physical analyzes reveal that the pH measured in the water samples conformed to the WHO standard except turbidity. The results of the bacteriological analyzes in 100 mL of water sample of the river reveal average bacterial loads in periods of low and high waters which vary respectively from 2.57.10 2 ± 451 CFU and 3.35.102 ± 459 CFU for total coliforms; 1.42.102 ± 315 CFU and 1.55.102 ± 251 for thermotolerant coliforms; 0,79.102 ± 216 CFU and 1.55.102 ± 251 for E. coli. The Enterococci are absent in the waters during these two periods. The high burden of these germs counted in the high water period may be due runoff phenomenon and unhygienic behavior observable in the study area.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

Pengaruh Jenis Co-Solvent terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Biodiesel secara Transesterifikasi In Situ Menggunakan Radiasi Gelombang Mikro

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mahlinda Mahlinda ◽  
Fitriana Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The main purpose of this research was to observer effect co-solvent type (n-Hexane, chloroform and without co-solvent)  toward yield and quality of biodiesel via in situ transesterification process using microwave irradiation. The process was studied at microwave power 450 watt, reaction time 4 minutes, methanol to seed ratio 25:1 and catalyst concentration 5%. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel produced such as viscosity, density and acid value were analysed and compared with the SNI 7182-2012 standard. The experimental result showed the maximum yield biodiesel 78,32% obtained by using co-solvent chloroform.Test result of physicochemical properties (viscosity, density and acid value) of biodiesel products using co solvent n-Hexane, chloroform and without co solvent showed that these products conform to the SNI 7182-2012 standars. The type of co-solvent only affectedon biodiesel yield dan not affected on biodiesel quality (viscosity, density and acid value).  ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis co-solvent (n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent) terhadap rendemen dan mutu biodiesel secara trasesterifikasi in situ menggunakan radiasi gelombang mikro. Proses dilakukan pada daya gelombang mikro 450 watt, waktu reaksi 4 menit, perbandingan berat metanol terhadap bahan baku 25:1 dan jumlah katalis 5%. Parameter fisiko kimia dari produk biodiesel seperti viskositas, densitas dan angka asam di analisa dan dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 7182-2012 tentang biodiesel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen maksimum biodiesel sebesar 78,32% diperoleh dengan menggunakan co-solvent chloroform. Hasil pengujian  karakteristik fisiko kimia (viskositas, densitas dan angka asam) dari produk biodiesel menggunakan co-solvent n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter ini masih memenuhi standar SNI 1782-2012 tentang biodiesel. Jenis co-solvent hanya berpengaruh pada rendemen biodiesel dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu biodiesel (viskositas, densitas dan bilangan asam).Kata kunci: co-solvent, in situ transesterifikasi, microwave, rendemen, mutu   

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