scholarly journals Passive Magnetic-Flux-Concentrator Based Electromagnetic Targeting System for Endobronchoscopy

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5105
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Lin ◽  
Chang ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Flux Concentrator

In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative electromagnetic targeting system utilizing a passive magnetic-flux-concentrator for tracking endobronchoscope used in the diagnosis process of lung cancer tumors/lesions. The system consists of a magnetic-flux emitting coil, a magnetic-flux receiving electromagnets-array, and high permeability silicon-steel sheets rolled as a collar (as the passive magnetic-flux-concentrator) fixed in a guide sheath of an endobronchoscope. The emitting coil is used to produce AC magnetic-flux, which is consequently received by the receiving electromagnets-array. Due to the electromagnetic-induction, a voltage is induced in the receiving electromagnets-array. When the endobronchoscope’s guide sheath (with the silicon-steel collar) travels between the emitting coil and the receiving electromagnets-arrays, the magnetic flux is concentrated by the silicon-steel collar and thereby the induced voltage is changed. Through analyzing the voltage–pattern change, the location of the silicon–steel collar with the guide sheath is targeted. For testing, a bronchial-tree model for training medical doctors and operators is used to test our system. According to experimental results, the system is successfully verified to be able to target the endobronchoscope in the bronchial-tree model. The targeting errors on the x-, y- and z-axes are 9 mm, 10 mm, and 5 mm, respectively.

An Electromagnetic Targeting System With Semi-Circular Configuration for Navigating Endo-Bronchoscope

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ching-Kai Lin ◽  
Chin-Chung Chen ◽  
Yun-Chien Cheng ◽  
Chen-Wei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Circular Configuration ◽  
Flux Concentrator

Abstract In this paper, we present an electromagnetic targeting system with semi-circular configuration for navigating endo-bronchoscope. This system consists of a magnetic-flux emitting electromagnets-arrays fixed on a semi-circular mechanical-support, magnetic-flux receiving electromagnets, and a magnetic-flux concentrator (i.e., silicon-steel collar) which fixed on distal end of a guide sheath of the endo-bronchoscope. In initial state, when the emitting electromagnets produce magnetic flux in sequence, the receiving electromagnets receive the magnetic flux and consequently produce voltage outputs by the electromagnetic induction. When the silicon-steel collar with the guide sheath travels through the system, the magnetic flux is concentrated by the collar. Thus, the voltage outputs of the receiving electromagnets are changed. By analyzing the change of voltage outputs, the location of the silicon-steel collar with the guide sheath is obtained/targeted. This means that the location of the endo-bronchoscope is also targeted.

Ultrathick glassless high-permeability, grain-oriented silicon steel sheets with high workability

1996 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 123-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yoshitomi ◽  
N. Takahashi ◽  
O. Tanaka ◽  
M. Ishibashi ◽  
Y. Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Steel ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Steel Sheets

A Novel Electromagnetic Targeting System Using Rotating Magnetic-Flux Concentration Method for Navigating Endo-Bronchoscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Chung Chen ◽  
Ching-Kai Lin ◽  
Yun-Chien Cheng ◽  
Chen-Wei Chang ◽  
Sung-Lin Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Flux Concentration ◽  
Flux Concentrator ◽  
Stable Voltage ◽  
2D Model

In this paper, we proposed a novel electromagnetic targeting system using rotating magnetic-flux concentration method for navigating endo-bronchoscope. This system consists of a magnetic-flux emitting coil, a magnetic-flux receiving electromagnets-array, a 2D model of bronchial tree, the magnetic-flux concentrator embedded on brush-guiding tube which was connected to the guide sheath. When the concentrator in the 2D bronchial tree passes through the air gap between the emitting coil and the receiving electromagnets-array, the concentrator concentrates the magnetic flux between the coil and the array. The concentrated magnetic flux is subsequently received by the receiving electromagnets-array and thus stable voltage output is produced. Furthermore, when the concentrator is rotated, the concentration of the magnetic flux is periodically changed and thereby the voltage output is periodically changed. By analyzing the voltage changes, the location of the concentrator (as well as guide tube and sheath) is targeted. According to the experimental results, the system successfully targets the location of the guide sheath in the 2D model of bronchial tree.

scholarly journals Impact of residual stress evoked by pyramidal embossing on the magnetic material properties of non-oriented electrical steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Gilch ◽  
Tobias Neuwirth ◽  
Benedikt Schauerte ◽  
Nora Leuning ◽  
Simon Sebold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Sheets

AbstractTargeted magnetic flux guidance in the rotor cross section of rotational electrical machines is crucial for the machine’s efficiency. Cutouts in the electrical steel sheets are integrated in the rotor sheets for magnetic flux guidance. These cutouts create thin structures in the rotor sheets which limit the maximum achievable rotational speed under centrifugal forces and the maximum energy density of the rotating electrical machine. In this paper, embossing-induced residual stress, employing the magneto-mechanical Villari effect, is studied as an innovative and alternative flux barrier design with negligible mechanical material deterioration. The overall objective is to replace cutouts by embossings, increasing the mechanical strength of the rotor. The identification of suitable embossing geometries, distributions and methodologies for the local introduction of residual stress is a major challenge. This paper examines finely distributed pyramidal embossings and their effect on the magnetic material behavior. The study is based on simulation and measurements of specimen with a single line of twenty embossing points performed with different punch forces. The magnetic material behavior is analyzed using neutron grating interferometry and a single sheet tester. Numerical examinations using finite element analysis and microhardness measurements provide a more detailed understanding of the interaction of residual stress distribution and magnetic material properties. The results reveal that residual stress induced by embossing affects magnetic material properties. Process parameters can be applied to adjust the magnetic material deterioration and the effect of magnetic flux guidance.

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