scholarly journals Simplifying Sample Preparation for Soil Fertility Analysis by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Rodrigues Tavares ◽  
Lidiane Cristina Nunes ◽  
Elton Eduardo Novais Alves ◽  
Eduardo de Almeida ◽  
Leonardo Felipe Maldaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Loose Powder ◽  
Leave One Out

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) sensors allow one to collect digital data in a practical and environmentally friendly way, as a complementary method to traditional laboratory analyses. This work aimed to assess the performance of a pXRF sensor to predict exchangeable nutrients in soil samples by using two contrasting strategies of sample preparation: pressed pellets and loose powder (<2 mm). Pellets were prepared using soil and a cellulose binder at 10% w w−1 followed by grinding for 20 min. Sample homogeneity was probed by X-ray fluorescence microanalysis. Exchangeable nutrients were assessed by pXRF furnished with a Rh X-ray tube and silicon drift detector. The calibration models were obtained using 58 soil samples and leave-one-out cross-validation. The predictive capabilities of the models were appropriate for both exchangeable K (ex-K) and Ca (ex-Ca) determinations with R2 ≥ 0.76 and RPIQ > 2.5. Although XRF analysis of pressed pellets allowed a slight gain in performance over loose powder samples for the prediction of ex-K and ex-Ca, satisfactory performances were also obtained with loose powders, which require minimal sample preparation. The prediction models with local samples showed promising results and encourage more detailed investigations for the application of pXRF in tropical soils.

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence based quantification of gold nanoparticles in cancer cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Mankovskii ◽  
Ana Pejović-Milić
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minimal Sample

A small (5 μl) sample volume and minimal sample preparation steps are required to accurately quantify AuNP uptake in cancer cells.

scholarly journals Tropical soils characterization at low cost and time using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF): Effects of different sample preparation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
Elen Alvarenga Silva ◽  
Giovana Clarice Poggere ◽  
Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme ◽  
Nilton Curi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

ABSTRACT Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) has been recently adopted by the Soil Science community for uses in both field and laboratory, obtaining the total content of several chemical elements in a few seconds. Sulfuric acid digestion is an expensive and time-consuming laboratory analysis that provides contents of Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and P2O5, important for soil studies. Due to few pXRF studies in tropical soils, this work aimed to compare contents of Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and P2O5 obtained by pXRF with sulfuric acid digestion results, and to evaluate the effects of varying forms of preparing soil samples and scanning with pXRF on the resulting values in Brazilian soils. Soils were scanned in five conditions in-field (in situ) and in laboratory, evaluating varying sample preparation methods, particle sizes and soil moisture. Four pXRF scanning operational modes were tested. Linear regressions were adjusted between results of pXRF and sulfuric acid digestion. Equations were validated with an independent set of samples. Statistical analyses compared the methods of preparing the samples. Adequate linear models reached R2 of 0.99 and 0.89 for Fe2O3 and TiO2, respectively. Validation promoted R2 greater than 0.97 and RMSE and ME close to zero for both oxides. Statistical differences of pXRF results were found among the methods of preparing samples. pXRF spectrometer has great potential to obtain Fe2O3 and TiO2 content rapidly and economically with high correspondence with laboratory results of sulfuric acid digestion analysis. Varying methods of preparing the samples promote differences in the results of pXRF.

Conditions affecting oxide quantification in unknown tropical soils via handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. T. Santana ◽  
B. T. Ribeiro ◽  
S. H. G. Silva ◽  
G. C. Poggere ◽  
L. R. G. Guilherme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Soil chemical characterisation has been accurately performed worldwide using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), contributing to fast, low-cost and environmentally-friendly soil analyses. However, many factors can influence the pXRF performance. Thus, this work was carried out to assess the oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2 and P2O5) in tropical soils via pXRF, evaluating the effects of soil packing prior to analysis and the soil matrix. The packing of soil samples was performed using X-ray thin-film and common, low-cost plastic bags. Different soil matrices were obtained by grouping of samples according to the Munsell colour system. The obtained results were compared with a conventional method employed for the determination of soil oxides. In addition, the pXRF measurements made on either sieved soil samples or directly on the soil profile were compared. The P2O5 content was below the detection limit of pXRF (0.05 g kg−1). The Fe2O3 and TiO2 contents of several tropical soils were accurately determined via pXRF using air-dried and sieved samples. This result was not observed for SiO2 and Al2O3. For Fe2O3, a good correlation (R2 = 0.91) was obtained between pXRF measurements made on sieved soil samples and directly on the soil profile. The packing of soil samples using plastic bags did not negatively influence the pXRF performance.

Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Fly Ash Samples

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Mustafa Boybay
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Minimal Sample

The disposal of fly ash from coal burning power plants is rapidly becoming an environmentally complex problem. Recently though, the attitude towards fly ash use has been changing from a disposal oriented point of view to a more rational position which considers fly ash as a resource to be recycled. One major hinderance of fly ash use has been the extreme variability of composition that exists between fly ashes produced at different power plants. This variability makes the analysis of fly ash very important.The most common methods currently used for fly ash analysis are atomic absorption or wet chemistry methods defined in ASTM C311. Both methods tend to be expensive, time consuming, and sample preparation is both tedious and critical for some elements. In this study X-ray fluorescence (QXRF) is used for the quantitative analysis of the major and minor elements found in “typical” fly ashes. The method, which is computer controlled, is quick, reliable, and requires minimal sample preparation.

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF SOIL SAMPLES FROM THE NAVESINK FORMATION IN MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Maliszka ◽  
◽  
Sabrina Sobel ◽  
Anthony Johnson ◽  
Dennis Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monmouth County

scholarly journals An X-ray CT study of miniature clay sample preparation techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Christopher Ibeh ◽  
Matteo Pedrotti ◽  
Alessandro Tarantino ◽  
Rebecca Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Particle Orientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Sample Disturbance ◽  
Relationship Of

The quality and reliability of cohesive soil laboratory test data can be significantlyaffected by sample disturbance during sampling or sample preparation. Sample disturbance may affect key design and modelling parameters such as stiffness, preconsolidation stress, compressibility and undrained shear strength, and ultimately determine particle mobilization and shear plane development. The use of X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) in the study of soil is restricted by the inverse relationship of specimen size and obtainable image resolution. This has led to the testing of miniature specimen sizes which are far less than conventional laboratory sample size in a bid to obtain high resolution images and detailed particle-scale soil properties; however, these miniature soil specimens are more prone to sample disturbance. In this work 2% muscovite was mixed with speswhite kaolin clay as a strain marker for use in X-CT. The clay soil sample was prepared from slurry and either consolidated using an oedometer or a gypsum mould. Specimens obtained from a 7 mm tube sampler were compared to lathe trimmed specimens with a diameter (Ø) of 7 mm. Results from X-CT imaging were used to study the influence of sampler type on specimen disturbance, by analysing the muscovite particle orientation of the obtained 3D images. The results show that; for samples subjected to large consolidation stress (>200kpa) lathe trimmed specimens may be subject to lesser disturbance compared to tube sampled specimens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Minimum Preparation Sampling Strategies for Sugarcane Quality Prediction by vis-NIR Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Lucas de Paula Corrêdo ◽  
Leonardo Felipe Maldaner ◽  
Helizani Couto Bazame ◽  
José Paulo Molin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference

Proximal sensing for assessing sugarcane quality information during harvest can be affected by various factors, including the type of sample preparation. The objective of this study was to determine the best sugarcane sample type and analyze the spectral response for the prediction of quality parameters of sugarcane from visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. The sampling and spectral data acquisition were performed during the analysis of samples by conventional methods in a sugar mill laboratory. Samples of billets were collected and four modes of scanning and sample preparation were evaluated: outer-surface (‘skin’) (SS), cross-sectional scanning (CSS), defibrated cane (DF), and raw juice (RJ) to analyze the parameters soluble solids content (Brix), saccharose (Pol), fibre, pol of cane and total recoverable sugars (TRS). Predictive models based on Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) were built with the vis-NIR spectral measurements. There was no significant difference (p-value > 0.05) between the accuracy SS and CSS samples compared to DF and RJ samples for all prediction models. However, DF samples presented the best predictive performance values for the main sugarcane quality parameters, and required only minimal sample preparation. The results contribute to advancing the development of on-board quality monitoring in sugarcane, indicating better sampling strategies.

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