scholarly journals Towards Point-of-Care Heart Failure Diagnostic Platforms: BNP and NT-proBNP Biosensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Alawieh ◽  
Trishia El Chemaly ◽  
Samir Alam ◽  
Massoud Khraiche
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Potential Integration

Heart failure is a class of cardiovascular diseases that remains the number one cause of death worldwide with a substantial economic burden of around $18 billion incurred by the healthcare sector in 2017 due to heart failure hospitalization and disease management. Although several laboratory tests have been used for early detection of heart failure, these traditional diagnostic methods still fail to effectively guide clinical decisions, prognosis, and therapy in a timely and cost-effective manner. Recent advances in the design and development of biosensors coupled with the discovery of new clinically relevant cardiac biomarkers are paving the way for breakthroughs in heart failure management. Natriuretic neurohormone peptides, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone of BNP (NT-proBNP), are among the most promising biomarkers for clinical use. Remarkably, they result in an increased diagnostic accuracy of around 80% owing to the strong correlation between their circulating concentrations and different heart failure events. The latter has encouraged research towards developing and optimizing BNP biosensors for rapid and highly sensitive detection in the scope of point-of-care testing. This review sheds light on the advances in BNP and NT-proBNP sensing technologies for point-of-care (POC) applications and highlights the challenges of potential integration of these technologies in the clinic. Optical and electrochemical immunosensors are currently used for BNP sensing. The performance metrics of these biosensors—expressed in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and other criteria—are compared to those of traditional diagnostic techniques, and the clinical applicability of these biosensors is assessed for their potential integration in point-of-care diagnostic platforms.

scholarly journals Diagnostic optical sequencing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee E. Korshoj ◽  
Prashant Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Modified Nucleobases

AbstractAdvances in precision medicine require high-throughput, inexpensive, point-of-care diagnostic methods with multi-omics capability for detecting a wide range of biomolecules and their molecular variants. Optical techniques have offered many promising advances towards such diagnostics. However, the inability to squeeze light with several hundred-nanometer wavelengths into angstrom-scale volume for single nucleotide measurements has hindered further progress. Recently, a block optical sequencing (BOS) method has been shown for determining relative nucleobase content in DNA k-mer blocks with Raman spectroscopy, and a block optical content scoring (BOCS) algorithm was developed for robust content-based genetic biomarker database searching. Here, we performed BOS measurements on positively-charged silver nanoparticles to achieve 93.3% accuracy for predicting nucleobase content in DNA k-mer blocks (where k=10), as well as measurements on RNA and chemically-modified nucleobases for extensions to transcriptomic and epigenetic studies. Our high-accuracy BOS measurements were then used with BOCS to correctly identify a β-lactamase gene from the MEGARes antibiotic resistance database and confirm the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogen of origin from <12 content measurements (<15% coverage) of the gene. These results prove the integration of BOS/BOCS as a diagnostic optical sequencing platform. With the versatile range of available plasmonic substrates offering simple data acquisition, varying resolution (single-molecule to ensemble), and multiplexing, this optical sequencing platform has potential as the rapid, cost-effective method needed for broad-spectrum biomarker detection.

scholarly journals Rapid, reliable, and cheap point-of-care bulk testing for SARS-CoV-2 by combining hybridization capture with improved colorimetric LAMP (Cap-iLAMP)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Bokelmann ◽  
Olaf Nickel ◽  
Tomislav Maricic ◽  
Svante Paabo ◽  
Matthias Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Hybridization Capture ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
High Level

Efforts to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have spurred the need for reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic methods which can easily be applied to large numbers of people. However, current standard protocols for the detection of viral nucleic acids while sensitive, require a high level of automation, sophisticated laboratory equipment and trained personnel to achieve throughputs that allow whole communities to be tested on a regular basis. Here we present Cap-iLAMP (capture and improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification). This method combines a hybridization capture-based RNA extraction of non-invasive gargle lavage samples to concentrate samples and remove inhibitors with an improved colorimetric RT-LAMP assay and smartphone-based color scoring. Cap-iLAMP is compatible with point-of-care testing and enables the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in less than one hour. In contrast to direct addition of the sample to improved LAMP (iLAMP), Cap-iLAMP does not result in false positives and single infected samples can be detected in a pool among 25 uninfected samples, thus reducing the technical cost per test to ~1 Euro per individual.

scholarly journals A Recent Update on Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Techniques for COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Roberts ◽  
Raghuraj Singh Chouhan ◽  
Deepshikha Shahdeo ◽  
Narlawar Sagar Shrikrishna ◽  
Veerbhan Kesarwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ongoing Research

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started out as an outbreak of pneumonia, has now turned into a pandemic due to its rapid transmission. Besides developing a vaccine, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis is essential for monitoring and combating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its related variants on time with precision and accuracy. Currently, the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), but it lacks accuracy, is time-consuming and cumbersome, and fails to detect multi-variant forms of the virus. Herein, we have summarized conventional diagnostic methods such as Chest-CT (Computed Tomography), RT-PCR, Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), Reverse Transcription-LAMP (RT-LAMP), as well new modern diagnostics such as CRISPR–Cas-based assays, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), Lateral Flow Assays (LFA), Graphene-Field Effect Transistor (GraFET), electrochemical sensors, immunosensors, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)-based assays, and microarrays for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This review will also provide an insight into an ongoing research and the possibility of developing more economical tools to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Gupta ◽  
Poonam Sagar ◽  
Nitesh Priyadarshi ◽  
Sunaina Kaul ◽  
Rajat Sandhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic has been validated as an extreme clinical calamity and has affected several socio-economic activities globally. Proven transmission of this virus occurs through airborne droplets from an infected person. The recent upsurge in the number of infected individuals has already exceeded the number of intensive care beds available to patients. These extraordinary circumstances have elicited the need for the development of diagnostic tools for the detection of the virus and, hence, prevent the spread of the disease. Early diagnosis and effective immediate treatment can reduce and prevent an increase in the number of cases. Conventional methods of detection such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and chest computed tomography scans have been used extensively for diagnostic purposes. However, these present several challenges, including prolonged assay requirements, labor-intensive testing, low sensitivity, and unavailability of these resources in remote locations. Such challenges urgently require fast, sensitive, and accurate diagnostic techniques for the timely detection and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Point-of-care biosensors that include paper- and chip-based diagnostic systems are rapid, cost-effective, and user friendly. In this article nanotechnology-based potential biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis are discussed with particular emphasis on a lateral flow assay, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based biosensor, a localized surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor, Förster resonance energy transfer, an electrochemical biosensor, and artificial intelligence-based biosensors. Several biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, antibodies/enzymes, or aptamers, can serve as potential detection molecules on an appropriate platform, such as graphene oxide, nanoparticles, or quantum dots. An effective biosensor can be developed by using appropriate combinations of nanomaterials and technologies.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Extraction Methodologies for Bioactive Compounds from Algal Biome to Meet Bio-Economy Challenges and Opportunities

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández ◽  
Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda ◽  
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal ◽  
Jorge Welti-Chanes
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Over the years, significant research efforts have been made to extract bioactive compounds by applying different methodologies for various applications. For instance, the use of bioactive compounds in several commercial sectors such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and chemical industries, has promoted the need of the most suitable and standardized methods to extract these bioactive constituents in a sophisticated and cost-effective manner. In practice, several conventional extraction methods have numerous limitations, e.g., lower efficacy, high energy cost, low yield, etc., thus urges for new state-of-the-art extraction methodologies. Thus, the optimization along with the integration of efficient pretreatment strategies followed by traditional extraction and purification processes, have been the primary goal of current research and development studies. Among different sources, algal biome has been found as a promising and feasible source to extract a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds with point-of-care application potentialities. As evident from the literature, algal bio-products includes biofuels, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, enzymes, polysaccharides, and proteins. The recovery of products from algal biomass is a matter of constant development and progress. This review covers recent advancements in the extraction methodologies such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLF) along with their working mechanism for extracting bioactive compounds from algal-based sources to meet bio-economy challenges and opportunities. A particular focus has been given to design characteristics, performance evaluation, and point-of-care applications of different bioactive compounds of microalgae. The previous and recent studies on the anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral potentialities of algal-based bioactive compounds have also been discussed with particular reference to the mechanism underlying the effects of these active constituents with the related pathways. Towards the end, the information is also given on the possible research gaps, future perspectives and concluding remarks.

scholarly journals SLE strikes the heart! A rare presentation of SLE myocarditis presenting as cardiogenic shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydeep J. Raval ◽  
Christina Rodriguez Ruiz ◽  
James Heywood ◽  
Jason J. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty

Abstract Background Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect the cardiovascular system in many ways with diverse presentations, a severe cardiogenic shock secondary to SLE myocarditis is infrequently described in the medical literature. Variable presenting features of SLE myocarditis can also make the diagnosis challenging. This case report will allow learners to consider SLE myocarditis in the differential and appreciate the diagnostic uncertainty. Case presentation A 20-year-old Filipino male presented with acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fevers, and diffuse rash after being diagnosed with SLE six months ago and treated with hydroxychloroquine. Labs were notable for leukopenia, non-nephrotic range proteinuria, elevated cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory markers, low complements, and serologies suggestive of active SLE. Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics and corticosteroids were initiated for sepsis and SLE activity. Blood cultures were positive for MSSA with likely skin source. An electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST-segment elevations without ischemic changes. CT chest demonstrated bilateral pleural and pericardial effusions with dense consolidations. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 45% with no valvular pathology suggestive of endocarditis. Although MSSA bacteremia resolved, the patient rapidly developed cardiopulmonary decline with a repeat echocardiogram demonstrating LVEF < 10%. A Cardiac MRI was a nondiagnostic study to elucidate an etiology of decompensation given inability to perform late gadolinium enhancement. Later, cardiac catheterization revealed normal cardiac output with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. As there was no clear etiology explaining his dramatic heart failure, endomyocardial biopsy was obtained demonstrating diffuse myofiber degeneration and inflammation. These pathological findings, in addition to skin biopsy demonstrating lichenoid dermatitis with a granular “full house” pattern was most consistent with SLE myocarditis. Furthermore, aggressive SLE-directed therapy demonstrated near full recovery of his heart failure. Conclusion Although myocarditis during SLE flare is a well-described cardiac manifestation, progression to cardiogenic shock is infrequent and fatal. As such, SLE myocarditis should be promptly considered. Given the heterogenous presentation of SLE, combination of serologic evaluation, advanced imaging, and myocardial biopsies can be helpful when diagnostic uncertainty exists. Our case highlights diagnostic methods and clinical course of a de novo presentation of cardiogenic shock from SLE myocarditis, then rapid improvement.

scholarly journals Pre-vaccination testing could expand coverage of two-dose COVID vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Carl A. B. Pearson ◽  
Sam Clifford ◽  
Juliet R. C. Pulliam ◽  
Rosalind M. Eggo
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Antibody Tests

Recent evidence indicates that a single dose of mRNA-based vaccines produce similar immune responses in people with evidence of past infection compared with two doses in immunologically naive individuals. For COVID-19 vaccines with two dose regimens, point-of-care antibody testing for prior infection when administering the first dose could enable expanded vaccine access in a cost-effective manner. Generally, antibody tests with sensitivity and specificity well below that typically accepted for product licensure would still enable expanded vaccine coverage, though to be cost-beneficial total test cost (i.e. procurement and administration) needs to be less than roughly a third of total vaccine dose cost. For highly sensitive (90%) and specific (99%) tests, coverage could be expanded by more than 33%. Tests with the appropriate performance characteristics are plausible, though likely need setting specific tailoring.

scholarly journals Adaptable Automated Interpretation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Using Few-Shot Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddarth Arumugam ◽  
Jiawei Ma ◽  
Uzay Macar ◽  
Guangxing Han ◽  
Kathrine K McAulay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Automated Interpretation ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Automate Interpretation

Point-of-care lateral flow assays (LFAs) are becomingly increasingly prevalent for diagnosing individual patient disease status and surveying population disease prevalence in a timely, scalable, and cost-effective manner, but a central challenge is to assure correct assay operation and results interpretation as the assays are manually performed in decentralized settings. A smartphone-based software can automate interpretation of an LFA kit, but such algorithms typically require a very large number of images of assays tested with validated specimens, which is challenging to collect for different assay kits, especially for those released during a pandemic. Here, we present an approach - AutoAdapt LFA - that uses few-shot learning, an approach used in other applications such as computer vision and robotics, for accurate and automated interpretation of LFA kits that requires a small number of validated images for training. The approach consists of three components: extraction of membrane and zone areas from an image of the LFA kit, a self-supervised encoder that employs a feature extractor trained with edge-filtered patterns, and few-shot adaptation that enables generalization to new kits using limited validated images. From a base model pre-trained on a commercial LFA kit, we demonstrated the ability of adapted models to interpret results from five new COVID-19 LFA kits (three detecting antigens for diagnosing active infection, and two detecting antibodies for diagnosing past infection). Specifically, using just 10 to 20 images of each new kit, we achieved accuracies of 99% to 100% for each kit. The server-hosted algorithm has an execution time of approximately 4 seconds, which can potentially enable quality assurance and linkage to care for users operating new LFAs in decentralized settings.

scholarly journals Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A Rapid, Sensitive, Specific, and Cost-Effective Point-of-Care Test for Coronaviruses in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Augustine ◽  
Anwarul Hasan ◽  
Suvarthi Das ◽  
Rashid Ahmed ◽  
Yasuyoshi Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Point Of Care Test

The rampant spread of COVID-19 and the worldwide prevalence of infected cases demand a rapid, simple, and cost-effective Point of Care Test (PoCT) for the accurate diagnosis of this pandemic. The most common molecular tests approved by regulatory bodies across the world for COVID-19 diagnosis are based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). While PCR-based tests are highly sensitive, specific, and remarkably reliable, they have many limitations ranging from the requirement of sophisticated laboratories, need of skilled personnel, use of complex protocol, long wait times for results, and an overall high cost per test. These limitations have inspired researchers to search for alternative diagnostic methods that are fast, economical, and executable in low-resource laboratory settings. The discovery of Loop-mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) has provided a reliable substitute platform for the accurate detection of low copy number nucleic acids in the diagnosis of several viral diseases, including epidemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). At present, a cocktail of LAMP assay reagents along with reverse transcriptase enzyme (Reverse Transcription LAMP, RT-LAMP) can be a robust solution for the rapid and cost-effective diagnosis for COVID-19, particularly in developing, and low-income countries. In summary, the development of RT-LAMP based diagnostic tools in a paper/strip format or the integration of this method into a microfluidic platform such as a Lab-on-a-chip may revolutionize the concept of PoCT for COVID-19 diagnosis. This review discusses the principle, technology and past research underpinning the success for using this method for diagnosing MERS and SARS, in addition to ongoing research, and the prominent prospect of RT-LAMP in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis.

scholarly journals Point-of-care bulk testing for SARS-CoV-2 by combining hybridization capture with improved colorimetric LAMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Bokelmann ◽  
Olaf Nickel ◽  
Tomislav Maricic ◽  
Svante Pääbo ◽  
Matthias Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Hybridization Capture ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
High Level

AbstractEfforts to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have spurred the need for reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic methods which can be applied to large numbers of people. However, current standard protocols for the detection of viral nucleic acids while sensitive, require a high level of automation and sophisticated laboratory equipment to achieve throughputs that allow whole communities to be tested on a regular basis. Here we present Cap-iLAMP (capture and improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification) which combines a hybridization capture-based RNA extraction of gargle lavage samples with an improved colorimetric RT-LAMP assay and smartphone-based color scoring. Cap-iLAMP is compatible with point-of-care testing and enables the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in less than one hour. In contrast to direct addition of the sample to improved LAMP (iLAMP), Cap-iLAMP prevents false positives and allows single positive samples to be detected in pools of 25 negative samples, reducing the reagent cost per test to ~1 Euro per individual.

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