scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Extraction Methodologies for Bioactive Compounds from Algal Biome to Meet Bio-Economy Challenges and Opportunities

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández ◽  
Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda ◽  
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal ◽  
Jorge Welti-Chanes
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Over the years, significant research efforts have been made to extract bioactive compounds by applying different methodologies for various applications. For instance, the use of bioactive compounds in several commercial sectors such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and chemical industries, has promoted the need of the most suitable and standardized methods to extract these bioactive constituents in a sophisticated and cost-effective manner. In practice, several conventional extraction methods have numerous limitations, e.g., lower efficacy, high energy cost, low yield, etc., thus urges for new state-of-the-art extraction methodologies. Thus, the optimization along with the integration of efficient pretreatment strategies followed by traditional extraction and purification processes, have been the primary goal of current research and development studies. Among different sources, algal biome has been found as a promising and feasible source to extract a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds with point-of-care application potentialities. As evident from the literature, algal bio-products includes biofuels, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, enzymes, polysaccharides, and proteins. The recovery of products from algal biomass is a matter of constant development and progress. This review covers recent advancements in the extraction methodologies such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLF) along with their working mechanism for extracting bioactive compounds from algal-based sources to meet bio-economy challenges and opportunities. A particular focus has been given to design characteristics, performance evaluation, and point-of-care applications of different bioactive compounds of microalgae. The previous and recent studies on the anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral potentialities of algal-based bioactive compounds have also been discussed with particular reference to the mechanism underlying the effects of these active constituents with the related pathways. Towards the end, the information is also given on the possible research gaps, future perspectives and concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Solvent on the Phenolic Profile, Bacterial Growth, and Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Activities of Mediterranean Olive and Fig Leaves Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Alcántara ◽  
Tihana Žugčić ◽  
Radhia Abdelkebir ◽  
Jose V. García-Pérez ◽  
Anet Režek Jambrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Mediterranean plants, such as fig and olive leaves, are well-known to exert beneficial effects in humans because of the presence of a wide range of bioactive compounds. However, scarce information regarding the impact of extraction methods, such as ultrasound and types of solvents, on their profile of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds is provided. In addition, no information is available on the effects of extraction methods and solvents on the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria or promoting probiotic growth. In this scenario, this study was aimed to study the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and solvent on the phenolic profile (Triple TOF-LC-MS/MS), antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds of olive and fig leaves. Results showed that UAE extracted more carotenoids compared to conventional extraction, while the conventional extraction impacted on higher flavonoids (olive leaves) and total phenolics (fig leaves). The antioxidant capacity of aqueous extract of fig leaves was three times higher than the extract obtained with ethanol for conventional extraction and four times higher for UAE. In general terms, hydroethanolic extracts presented the highest bacterial growth inhibition, and showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, these side streams can be used as sources of bioactive compounds for further development of high-added-value products.

scholarly journals The Importance of Collaboration and Competition Within and Outside the OECD

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ian Jackson ◽  
John McManus
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
National Governments

The purpose of this paper is to address the role of the OECD in the global marketplace. The paper highlights some current trends in the global market and the changing role of the OECD. In this context, the authors discuss various perspectives on the role of OECD in a globalized world. The authors focus on recent debates on the state of the global economy and the changing position of the OECD in the world market. The authors apply a conceptual approach combined with analyses of data and secondary material. The authors also put forward an argument for investigating what determines competition within and outside the OECD. In this context, creating markets within a global economy requires considerable stimulus on the part of national governments. This necessitates national governments working together in partnership with national and global firms to reduced bureaucracy and increase transparency to boost trade in a cost effective manner. This is seen by some economists to be a prerequisite to future competitiveness. Finally, the authors seek to demonstrate how leading countries within the OECD are building innovative capability to master the challenges and opportunities that the new emerging economies present (such as Brazil).

scholarly journals Development of Green and Efficient Extraction Methods of Quercetin from Red Onion Scales Wastes Using Factorial Design for Method Optimization: A Comparative Study

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Heba-Alla H. Abd-ElSalam ◽  
Mohammed Gamal ◽  
Ibrahim A. Naguib ◽  
Medhat A. Al-Ghobashy ◽  
Hala E. Zaazaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Method Optimization ◽  
Efficient Extraction

Waste resulting from edible plants is considered one of the best sources of valuable phytochemicals. A promising approach for using these appreciated wastes is extracting precious medically important constituents, for example, free quercetin. Two new cost-effective and green extraction methods are introduced in the present study: ultrasound-assisted glycerol extraction (UAGE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). These extraction protocols are optimized using factorial design to define the highest yield of extraction, and HPLC-UV at 370 nm was used as a method of yield analysis. Quercetin remained stable during the whole process in both extraction protocols. A standard addition technique was performed to quantify quercetin in different extracts and eliminate the matrix effect. In UAGE and MAE, extraction yields were 16.55 ± 0.81 and 27.20 ± 1.55 mg/1g from red onion scales on a dry base, respectively. The amount of quercetin extracted using MAE was superior to UAGE in terms of time and yield. A greenness assessment of the offered studies compared to previously published relevant extraction methods was performed using the analytical eco-scale assessment method (ESA) and national environmental methods index (NEMI). MAE showed to be a greener method with a higher ESA score and a greener NEMI pictogram.

scholarly journals Critical Variables Influencing the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Maria Carpena ◽  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
Anton Soria-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Extraction Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Power

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a novel methodology, belonging to the so-called “Green Chemistry”, which has gained interest in recent years due to the potential to recover bioactive compounds, especially those from plant matrices. It is widely recognized that the extraction of molecules by UAE gives rise to higher or similar yields than those obtained by traditional extraction methods. UAE has certain advantages inherent to Green Chemistry extraction methods, such as short extraction time and low solvent consumption. The aim of this review is to critically present the different variables and parameters that can be modified in UAE, such as ultrasound power, time, temperature, solvent, and solid to solvent ratio that influence yield and extraction performance.

Role of APQP and PPAP in Supply Chain Management

Paradigm ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
V.K. Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Cost

Waves of liberalization are sweeping all over the world breaking political barriers, integrating world capital and financial markets, opening up international trade and freeing import of technology or raw materials from licenses. New challenges and opportunities have been thrown up. The new economic scenario has also brought in risks of increased competition. As the customer is supreme, only those enterprises are going to be successful, which are able to provide goods and services to the customer in a timely cost-effective manner and also provide quality, which not only satisfies him but delights him. This means that the enterprise has to manage its operations in such a way that the production costs and delivery costs are kept to the minimum and margins are optimized. Simultaneously, it has to build a culture of quality and productivity because without that it is just not possible to survive. Finally, to stay always one step ahead of the competition, there has to be an element of creativity. Advance Product Quality Planning and Production Part Approval Process help the organization to be creative and innovative in approach in addressing all customers' related issues. Both these tools are very important while implementing quality management system requirements pertaining to ISO/TS 16949:2002. These tools are generic in nature and can help any type of industry. Effective implementation of PPAP will help the supply chain to improve the quality of the product, reduce the cost by optimal use of resources and maintain on time delivery at competitive cost.

scholarly journals Towards Point-of-Care Heart Failure Diagnostic Platforms: BNP and NT-proBNP Biosensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Alawieh ◽  
Trishia El Chemaly ◽  
Samir Alam ◽  
Massoud Khraiche
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Potential Integration

Heart failure is a class of cardiovascular diseases that remains the number one cause of death worldwide with a substantial economic burden of around $18 billion incurred by the healthcare sector in 2017 due to heart failure hospitalization and disease management. Although several laboratory tests have been used for early detection of heart failure, these traditional diagnostic methods still fail to effectively guide clinical decisions, prognosis, and therapy in a timely and cost-effective manner. Recent advances in the design and development of biosensors coupled with the discovery of new clinically relevant cardiac biomarkers are paving the way for breakthroughs in heart failure management. Natriuretic neurohormone peptides, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone of BNP (NT-proBNP), are among the most promising biomarkers for clinical use. Remarkably, they result in an increased diagnostic accuracy of around 80% owing to the strong correlation between their circulating concentrations and different heart failure events. The latter has encouraged research towards developing and optimizing BNP biosensors for rapid and highly sensitive detection in the scope of point-of-care testing. This review sheds light on the advances in BNP and NT-proBNP sensing technologies for point-of-care (POC) applications and highlights the challenges of potential integration of these technologies in the clinic. Optical and electrochemical immunosensors are currently used for BNP sensing. The performance metrics of these biosensors—expressed in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and other criteria—are compared to those of traditional diagnostic techniques, and the clinical applicability of these biosensors is assessed for their potential integration in point-of-care diagnostic platforms.

scholarly journals Rapid Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPTLC- Photodensitometric Method for the Quality Assessment of Boerhaavia diffusa L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrinivas G Bhope ◽  
Vivek K Ghosh ◽  
Vinod V Kuber ◽  
Manohar J Patil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

Abstract A rapid and cost-effective method for the extraction of rotenoids in Boerhaavia diffusa L., based on the use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), is proposed. The conventional reflux, soxhlet, and maceration extraction methods were also conducted to validate the reliability of the new method. Under the optimized conditions, two rotenoids (boeravinone B and E) were extracted and quantified by HPTLC. The yield of boeravinone B and E achieved by MAE was 0.15 and 0.32% (w/w), respectively. The result showed that MAE-HPTLC is a simple, rapid, and solvent-sparing method for the extraction and quantitation of boeravinone B and E from B. diffusa L.

scholarly journals Pre-vaccination testing could expand coverage of two-dose COVID vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Carl A. B. Pearson ◽  
Sam Clifford ◽  
Juliet R. C. Pulliam ◽  
Rosalind M. Eggo
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Antibody Tests

Recent evidence indicates that a single dose of mRNA-based vaccines produce similar immune responses in people with evidence of past infection compared with two doses in immunologically naive individuals. For COVID-19 vaccines with two dose regimens, point-of-care antibody testing for prior infection when administering the first dose could enable expanded vaccine access in a cost-effective manner. Generally, antibody tests with sensitivity and specificity well below that typically accepted for product licensure would still enable expanded vaccine coverage, though to be cost-beneficial total test cost (i.e. procurement and administration) needs to be less than roughly a third of total vaccine dose cost. For highly sensitive (90%) and specific (99%) tests, coverage could be expanded by more than 33%. Tests with the appropriate performance characteristics are plausible, though likely need setting specific tailoring.

scholarly journals Adaptable Automated Interpretation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Using Few-Shot Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddarth Arumugam ◽  
Jiawei Ma ◽  
Uzay Macar ◽  
Guangxing Han ◽  
Kathrine K McAulay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Automated Interpretation ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Automate Interpretation

Point-of-care lateral flow assays (LFAs) are becomingly increasingly prevalent for diagnosing individual patient disease status and surveying population disease prevalence in a timely, scalable, and cost-effective manner, but a central challenge is to assure correct assay operation and results interpretation as the assays are manually performed in decentralized settings. A smartphone-based software can automate interpretation of an LFA kit, but such algorithms typically require a very large number of images of assays tested with validated specimens, which is challenging to collect for different assay kits, especially for those released during a pandemic. Here, we present an approach - AutoAdapt LFA - that uses few-shot learning, an approach used in other applications such as computer vision and robotics, for accurate and automated interpretation of LFA kits that requires a small number of validated images for training. The approach consists of three components: extraction of membrane and zone areas from an image of the LFA kit, a self-supervised encoder that employs a feature extractor trained with edge-filtered patterns, and few-shot adaptation that enables generalization to new kits using limited validated images. From a base model pre-trained on a commercial LFA kit, we demonstrated the ability of adapted models to interpret results from five new COVID-19 LFA kits (three detecting antigens for diagnosing active infection, and two detecting antibodies for diagnosing past infection). Specifically, using just 10 to 20 images of each new kit, we achieved accuracies of 99% to 100% for each kit. The server-hosted algorithm has an execution time of approximately 4 seconds, which can potentially enable quality assurance and linkage to care for users operating new LFAs in decentralized settings.

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