scholarly journals Disposable Injection Molded Conductive Electrodes Modified with Antimony Film for the Electrochemical Determination of Trace Pb(II) and Cd(II)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvina Christidi ◽  
Alexia Chrysostomou ◽  
Anastasios Economou ◽  
Christos Kokkinos ◽  
Peter R. Fielden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Film Sensor ◽  
Lake Water Sample ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Antimony Film

This work describes a novel electrochemical sensor fabricated by an injection molding process. This device features a conductive polymer electrode encased in a plastic holder and electroplated in situ with a thin antimony film. The antimony film sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The deposition of Sb on the sensor was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and microscopy. The experimental variables (concentration of the antimony plating solution, deposition potential and time, stripping waveform) were investigated, and the potential interferences were studied and addressed. The limits of detection were 0.95 μg L−1 for Pb(II) and 1.3 for Cd(II) (at 240 s of preconcentration) and the within-sensor percentage relative standard deviations were 4.2% and 4.9%, respectively, at the 25 μg L−1 level (n = 8). Finally, the sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in a phosphorite sample and a lake water sample.

scholarly journals Microfabricated Au-Film Sensors for the Voltammetric Determination of Hg(II)

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Maria Tsetsoni ◽  
Eleni Roditi ◽  
Christos Kokkinos ◽  
Anastasios Economou
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Voltammetric Determination ◽  
Film Sensor ◽  
Au Film ◽  
Working Electrode ◽  
Anodic Stripping

In this work, a microfabricated Au-film sensor was designed and fabricated for thevoltammmetric determination of Hg(II). The electrode was fabricated on a silicon chip with astandard microengineering approach utilizing photolithography for patterning the electrode shapeand sputtering for deposition of thin Cr and Au films on the surface of the sensors. The sensorswere used for the determination of trace Hg(II) with anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV): initiallyHg(II) in the sample was accumulated on the Au working electrode surface by reduction andformation of an Au(Hg) amalgam followed by oxidation of the preconcentrated metallic Hg using asquare wave voltammetric scan. The limit of detection was 1.5μgL−1 and the coefficient of variationof 10 consecutive measurements was 3.1%.

Determination of the Apparent Complexing Capacity of Lake Waters

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Chau ◽  
R. Gächter ◽  
K. Lum-Shue-Chan
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Complexing Capacity ◽  
Ionic Copper ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Lake Waters

A sensitive and accurate method is described for the measurement of the apparent complexing capacity of lake waters. It is based on the measurement of labile copper by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry after a number of ionic copper spikes have been allowed to equilibrate with the complexing materials in a water sample. Coefficients of variation for the determination of EDTA at a level of 0.50 μmole/liter in Hamilton Harbor water were 6 and 8%. Analysis of seven replicates of a Hamilton Harbor water sample gave an apparent complexing capacity of 0.52 μmole/liter Cu equivalent with a relative standard deviation of 7.7%. Analyses of a number of samples from Lake Erie and from lakes near Sudbury, Ontario gave a range from nondetectable to 0.70 μmole/liter Cu equivalent of complexing capacity.

Rapid Direct Determination of Lead in Evaporated Milk by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Without Sample Pretreatment

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413
Author(s):  
Eric W Zink ◽  
Robert A Moffitt ◽  
Wayne R Matson
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Sample Range

Abstract The method presented describes the direct determination of lead in evaporated milk in which the milk ashing step prior to analysis is eliminated. Digital instrument readout units are μg Pb /mL milk. Total analysis time after instrument calibration is less than 3 min per sample. Range of the method is 0.05-1.0 ppm lead in milk, and precision of the method expressed by relative standard deviation of duplicate pairs ranged from 30% at 0.1 μg/mL to 3% at 1.0 μg/mL of lead in milk. The method compares favorably with the AOAC official first action anodic stripping voltammetric method (25.074). In addition, the method appears to work equally well for skim evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, and nonfat powdered dry milk when the latter two are reconstituted with water according to product label instructions. Recovery and interference studies are presented.

Determination of Background Levels of Lead and Cadmium in Raw Agricultural Crops by Using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Duane Satzger ◽  
Charles S Clow ◽  
Evelyn Bonnin ◽  
Fred L Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Quantifiable Level

Abstract A method is described for the simultaneous determination of ultratrace levels of lead and cadmium in selected agricultural crop samples by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Samples are dry ashed at high temperature with H2SO4 as an ashing aid. Techniques are described to control the lead and cadmium blank levels of 2 ng and 0.4 ng, respectively. Typical relative standard deviations for the crop analyses are 13% at 100 ng/g and 25% at 10 ng/g for lead, and 5% at 100 ng/g and 10% at 10 ng/g for cadmium. The lowest quantifiable level, based on 3 g dry sample, is 2 ng/g for lead and 1 ng/g for cadmium. Recovery studies, precision studies, and analyses of NBS Standard Reference Materials demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of this technique. A summary of results for over 1700 crop samples is reported.

scholarly journals Determination of Lead Desorption from G. fisheri Seaweed Using Edible Eluents by Voltammetry at the Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode

2016 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charuwan Khamkaew ◽  
Sontaya Manaboot
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Time ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Desorption Efficiency ◽  
Relative Standard

A simple, rapid, selective and sensitivity approach for the determination of Pb(II) in G. fisheri seaweed is described. The method is based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.2 M ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) pH 7.5. The operating analytical conditions; deposition potential (Edep) of -0.4 V, peak potential of -0.78 V, and mercury dropped size of 3 were performed. To see the sensitivity of Pb(II) measurement, the influences of deposition time and stirring speed were investigated. From the findings, the optimal parameters; deposition time of 90 s, and stirring speed of 2000 rpm were obtained. In these conditions, the limit of detection (3σ) of 0.60 µgL-1 and the linear range extended to 12.50 µgL-1 (r2=0.9999) were obtained. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of triplicate measurements using 1.8 µgL-1 of Pb(II) was 1.22%. The method was then applied to measure Pb(II) in real samples. In this study, the desorption efficiency of edible eluents by batch method was determined. The method is based on Pb(II) desorption using different types of edible eluents; acetic acid (HOAc), citric acid (CTA), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and chitosan (CTS). Batch desorption of Pb(II) from seaweed soaked in individual eluent was performed by shaking at 100 rpm for 2 h at ambient temperature. Results show that the most effective eluent in desorbing the contaminated Pb(II) from G. fisheri with up to 82% of desorption efficiency for bound Pb(II) was EDTA solution.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Determination of Lead Using A Composite Sensor Obtained from Low-Cost Green Materials:Graphite/Cork

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Iasmin B. Silva ◽  
Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo ◽  
Marco Vocciante ◽  
Sergio Ferro ◽  
Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Anodic Stripping

The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive, simple, and highly selective cork-modified carbon paste electrode for the determination of Pb(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Among the cork–graphite electrodes investigated, the one containing 70% w/w carbon showed the highest sensitivity for the determination of Pb(II) in aqueous solutions. Under SWASV conditions, its linear range and relative standard deviation are equal to 1–25 µM and 1.4%, respectively; the limit of detection complies with the value recommended by the World Health Organization. To optimize the operating conditions, the selectivity and accuracy of the analysis were further investigated by SWASV in acidic media. Finally, the electrode was successfully applied for the determination of Pb(II) in natural water samples, proving to be a sensitive electrochemical sensor that meets the stringent environmental control requirements.

scholarly journals Determination of Zinc levels in Healthy Adults from the West of Algeria by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
Tarik Attar ◽  
Nouria Dennouni Medjati ◽  
Yahia Harek ◽  
Lahcene Larabi
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Accumulation Time ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Electroanalytical Method ◽  
Zinc Levels

An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of zinc in whole blood by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The best conditions were found to be electrolyte support perchloric acid 0.02M, an accumulation potential of -1150 mV, and an accumulation time of 60 s. The optimum value of stirring rate was determined to be 400 rpm. The correlation coefficient and relative standard deviation were 0.9999 and 3.96% respectively with a detection limit of 0.86 µg L-1. Zinc levels in whole blood samples of 53 healthy subjects living in Tlemcen (west Algeria).

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