scholarly journals Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles—A Multilayer Low-Altitude Airspace Model for Distributed UAV Traffic Management

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader S. Labib ◽  
Grégoire Danoy ◽  
Jedrzej Musial ◽  
Matthias R. Brust ◽  
Pascal Bouvry
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
New Research

The rapid adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) has encouraged the integration of new connected devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to the ubiquitous network. UAVs promise a pragmatic solution to the limitations of existing terrestrial IoT infrastructure as well as bring new means of delivering IoT services through a wide range of applications. Owning to their potential, UAVs are expected to soon dominate the low-altitude airspace over populated cities. This introduces new research challenges such as the safe management of UAVs operation under high traffic demands. This paper proposes a novel way of structuring the uncontrolled, low-altitude airspace, with the aim of addressing the complex problem of UAV traffic management at an abstract level. The work, hence, introduces a model of the airspace as a weighted multilayer network of nodes and airways and presents a set of experimental simulation results using three UAV traffic management heuristics.

scholarly journals Key wireless communication technologies to support traffic management systems of unmanned aerial vehicles for civil application (review of foreign literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-92
Author(s):  
E. A. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aircraft System

Not less than one hundred thousand Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to perform flights simultaneously in Russia by 2035. The UAV fleet capacity triggers the development of the systems for informational support, operating control and management of UAV flights (Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) systems) similar to that one already operating in manned aviation. The challenges arising in the sphere of civil aviation cannot be solved without wireless communication. The goals of this article are as follows: 1) familiarization of communication experts with the latest scientific developments of unmanned aerial technologies 2) description of the telecommunication-related problems of extensive systems of UAV control encountered by development engineers. In this article a schematic architecture and main functions of UTM systems are described as well as the examples of their implementation. Special emphasis is put on enhancing flight safety by means of a rational choice of communication technologies to manage conflicts (Conflict Management) known as "collision avoidance". The article analyzes the application of a wide range of wireless technologies ranging from Wi-Fi and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) to 5G cellular networks as well as cell-free networks contributing to the development of 6G communication networks. As a result of the analysis, a list of promising research trends at the intersection of the fields of wireless communication and UAVs for civil application is made.

scholarly journals Efficient Reactive Obstacle Avoidance Using Spirals for Escape

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Fábio Azevedo ◽  
Jaime S. Cardoso ◽  
André Ferreira ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Miguel Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Depth Camera ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
High Degree

The usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has increased in recent years and new application scenarios have emerged. Some of them involve tasks that require a high degree of autonomy, leading to increasingly complex systems. In order for a robot to be autonomous, it requires appropriate perception sensors that interpret the environment and enable the correct execution of the main task of mobile robotics: navigation. In the case of UAVs, flying at low altitude greatly increases the probability of encountering obstacles, so they need a fast, simple, and robust method of collision avoidance. This work covers the problem of navigation in unknown scenarios by implementing a simple, yet robust, environment-reactive approach. The implementation is done with both CPU and GPU map representations to allow wider coverage of possible applications. This method searches for obstacles that cross a cylindrical safety volume, and selects an escape point from a spiral for avoiding the obstacle. The algorithm is able to successfully navigate in complex scenarios, using both a high and low-power computer, typically found aboard UAVs, relying only on a depth camera with a limited FOV and range. Depending on the configuration, the algorithm can process point clouds at nearly 40 Hz in Jetson Nano, while checking for threats at 10 kHz. Some preliminary tests were conducted with real-world scenarios, showing both the advantages and limitations of CPU and GPU-based methodologies.

Radiometric Quality Assessment of Video Sequences Acquired from UAV Photogrammetric Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Wierzbicki ◽  
Anna Fryskowska
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Imagery Data

The issue of imagery data collection and its implementation in photogrammetric studies with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is still valid and provides a wide field of research in the creation of new and expansion of existing solutions. It is particularly important to increase the accuracy of photogrammetric products. These days low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles are being used more and more often in photogrammetric applications. Compact digital cameras had acquired single, high-resolution imagery. Data obtained from low altitudes were often (and still are) used in mapping and 3D modelling. Due to the low costs of flights of UAV systems in comparison with traditional flights, applications of such platforms are also attractive for many remote sensing applications. However, due to the use of non-metric video cameras, one of the main problems when trying to automate the video data processing, is the video sequences’ relatively poor radiometric quality. The article addresses the issue of assessing the quality of the video imagery acquired from a low altitude UAV platform. The Authors presented quality Indicators dedicated to UAV video sequences. The method is based on the analysis of the video stream, obtained in the different weather and lighting conditions. As a result of the research, an objective quality index for video acquired from low altitudes was determined.

US armed UAV precedent will hinder global rules-making

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range

Subject Post-Obama armed UAV policy. Significance As President Barack Obama prepares to leave office in January 2017, his administration has called for the United States to lead development of a set of international norms to govern the use of armed UAVs ('unmanned aerial vehicles' or 'drones'). The international proliferation and military use of armed UAVs by nations outside the circle of trusted US allies have highlighted the urgency of formulating clearly articulated international rules to govern an otherwise vaguely defined arena of international behaviour dominated by US precedent. Impacts Congressional aversion to supporting ground interventions abroad will enable the next president further to delay UAV policy reform. A wide range of countries frustrated with restrictions from Washington may turn to China as a key supplier of armed UAVs. Failed US efforts to reform the covert drone programme may complicate intelligence-sharing with European allies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the military application of unmanned aircraft and main direction for their development

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zagorski
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Military Application ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development

Modern military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are assigned a wide range of functions, for the implementation of which they perform many tasks in various military conflicts. The results of the analysis give them the opportunity to reveal the problems in the use of UAVs, make changes in their functions and tasks and identify areas for further development. At present, this requires the introduction of the achievements of artificial intelligence, the introduction of expert systems and microelectronics on board UAVs, as well as their integration with various other means of conducting armed struggle. At the same time, some of the technological solutions for the creation and improvement of UAVs for military purposes can be applied in the civilian sector.

scholarly journals SAFETY ANALYSIS OF GOODS TRANSPORTATION BY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Shvetsova ◽  
A. V. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Air Vehicles

Modern transport companies around the world actively study the possibility of intra-urban transportation of goods using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).The objective of the study is to reveal the existing problems preventing full-scale introducing of UAVs into the operations of logistics centers that accomplish cargo delivery in modern megacities as well as to propose a possible option for their solution.The study conducted applying the methods of comparative analysis and generalization showed that the main obstacle to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for cargo delivery is currently unsettled problem of safety when UAVs operate in the urban environment.The study has analyzed the worldwide UAV traffic safety management programs. Among the programs reviewed were U-Space (the program is implemented by the European Commission and other participants); NASA Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (the program is implemented by NASA and the US Federal Aviation Administration); European Aviation Safety Agency drone categories (the program is implemented by European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)); Urban Traffic Management of Unmanned Aircraft System (the program is implemented by Air Traffic Management Research Institute (ATMRI) and other participants). The analysis showed that these programs paid a lot of attention to preventing the UAVs collisions with other air vehicles. But almost no attention was paid to the fact that the flight routes of unmanned aerial vehicles would intersect with the ground highways.The analysis carried out in the article allows us to conclude that one of the solutions to the problem of UAV implementation in the field of cargo delivery is the development of a new concept of UAV traffic safety in the urban conditions, which will take into account the threat of collision of cargo UAV not only with air vehicles but also with ground ones. The concept should determine the requirements for thetechnology for safe traffic of drones over the main surface transport routes including highways,  highspeed railways, etc. The development of such a concept will be a turning point for starting the fullscale use of UAVs as a new and effective means of cargo delivery in the city, which, in its turn, willcreate the next-generation transport infrastructure in the cities.

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