scholarly journals Measurement System for Lossy Capacitive Sensors: Application to Edible Oils Quality Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fendri ◽  
Ahmed Yahia Kallel ◽  
Hanen Nouri ◽  
Hamadi Ghariani ◽  
Olfa Kanoun
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Parameters

This paper aimed to develop a portable, low-cost, and easy-to-use measurement system for oil quality degradation assessment. The main two chemical parameters affected by frying are the total polar compounds (TPC) and free fatty acids. The system should characterize the change of chemical parameters by measuring the changes in its dielectric parameters. The dielectric parameters, relative permittivity, and conductivity are measured by measuring the capacitance and resistance of a capacitive sensor dipped in oil. The main challenges are that the corresponding changes of the capacitance and resistance are very small and the presence of stray effects. For this reason, the measurement system should be able to detect changes in capacitance and resistance with high resolution and with good immunity to stray effects. The proposed measurement system is based on the conversion of impedance to voltage and time and combining, therefore, having two measurement methods in one circuit. In this way, it is possible to measure the dielectric and resistive parameters and not only the relative permittivity as was done in previous works. The results showed a strong correlation between the chemical and electrical parameters with a coefficient of determination in the range of 0.9.

Variable selection for the determination of total polar materials in fried oils by near infrared spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari M Cascant ◽  
Salvador Garrigues ◽  
Miguel de la Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Polar Materials ◽  
Selection Of

Total polar materials (TPM) content is considered as the best indicator and the most common parameter to check the quality of deep-frying oils. The development of simpler and quicker analytical techniques than the available methods to monitor oil quality in restaurants and fried food outlets is an important topic related to the human health. This paper reports a comparison of the variable selection of near infrared (NIR) spectra by multiple linear regression (MLR-NIR) with partial least squares (PLS-NIR) models for the quantification of TPM in fried vegetable oils. The use of PLS-NIR offers an alternative in laboratory bench equipment for the determination of TPM in oils employed for frying different kinds of foods with relative prediction errors of 6.5%, a coefficient of determination for prediction of 0.99 and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 9.2 when selected wavenumber intervals were employed. MLR-NIR allows the selection of a reduced number of wavenumber in order to develop low cost instruments to evaluate the frying oil quality. Based on the NIR signals at four wavenumbers, the relative prediction error was 12.1%, the coefficient of determination for prediction was 0.96 and the RPD was 5.0.

scholarly journals NOx Emission of a Correlation between the PEMS and SEMS over Different Test Modes and Real Driving Emission

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7250
Author(s):  
Young Soo Yu ◽  
Jun Woo Jeong ◽  
Mun Soo Chon ◽  
Junepyo Cha
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Real Driving Emission ◽  
Nox Sensor ◽  
Diesel Vehicle

The aim of this study is to verify the reliability of NOx emissions measured using Smart Emissions Measurement System (SEMS) equipment in comparison with the NOx emissions measured using certified Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) equipment. The SEMS equipment is simple system, and it is less expensive than the PEMS equipment, as it comprises an On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) signal from the test vehicle and a NOx sensor. The SEMS equipment based on low-cost sensors has an advantage of building big data, but there are insufficient previous studies comparing of NOx emissions with certified the PEMS equipment. Therefore, this study is important in verifying the suitability of the SEMS equipment by comparing the NOx emissions measured by the various test modes and RDE using the two types of equipment. To analyze the correlation between the PEMS and SEMS equipment, the advanced diesel vehicle was equipped with the two types of equipment to simultaneously measure NOx emissions. After installing the equipment on the test vehicle, it was conducted under various test modes in the laboratory and the Real Driving Emission (RDE) test to verify the correlation of NOx emissions measured by the SEMS equipment. The correlation analysis for the NOx emissions measured by the PEMS and SEMS equipment under various test conditions and the RDE test indicated that the slope of the NOx emissions was approximately equal to 1, and the coefficient of determination was 0.9 or higher. Based on these test results, it was concluded that NOx emissions measured by the PEMS and SEMS equipment are highly similar.

scholarly journals The grades and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and weighing sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supakorn Harnsoongnoen ◽  
Nuananong Jaroensuk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Egg Freshness

AbstractThe water displacement and flotation are two of the most accurate and rapid methods for grading and assessing freshness of agricultural products based on density determination. However, these techniques are still not suitable for use in agricultural inspections of products such as eggs that absorb water which can be considered intrusive or destructive and can affect the result of measurements. Here we present a novel proposal for a method of non-destructive, non-invasive, low cost, simple and real—time monitoring of the grading and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and a weighing sensor. This is the first proposal that divides egg freshness into intervals through density measurements. The machine vision system was developed for the measurement of external physical characteristics (length and breadth) of eggs for evaluating their volume. The weighing system was developed for the measurement of the weight of the egg. Egg weight and volume were used to calculate density for grading and egg freshness assessment. The proposed system could measure the weight, volume and density with an accuracy of 99.88%, 98.26% and 99.02%, respectively. The results showed that the weight and freshness of eggs stored at room temperature decreased with storage time. The relationship between density and percentage of freshness was linear for the all sizes of eggs, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982, 0.9999, 0.9996, 0.9996 and 0.9994 for classified egg size classified 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This study shows that egg freshness can be determined through density without using water to test for water displacement or egg flotation which has future potential as a measuring system important for the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Calibrations of Low-Cost Air Pollution Monitoring Sensors for CO, NO2, O3, and SO2

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Pengfei Han ◽  
Han Mei ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Ning Zeng ◽  
Xiao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
National Monitoring

Pollutant gases, such as CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 affect human health, and low-cost sensors are an important complement to regulatory-grade instruments in pollutant monitoring. Previous studies focused on one or several species, while comprehensive assessments of multiple sensors remain limited. We conducted a 12-month field evaluation of four Alphasense sensors in Beijing and used single linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest regressor (RFR), and neural network (long short-term memory (LSTM)) methods to calibrate and validate the measurements with nearby reference measurements from national monitoring stations. For performances, CO > O3 > NO2 > SO2 for the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The MLR did not increase the R2 after considering the temperature and relative humidity influences compared with the SLR (with R2 remaining at approximately 0.6 for O3 and 0.4 for NO2). However, the RFR and LSTM models significantly increased the O3, NO2, and SO2 performances, with the R2 increasing from 0.3–0.5 to >0.7 for O3 and NO2, and the RMSE decreasing from 20.4 to 13.2 ppb for NO2. For the SLR, there were relatively larger biases, while the LSTMs maintained a close mean relative bias of approximately zero (e.g., <5% for O3 and NO2), indicating that these sensors combined with the LSTMs are suitable for hot spot detection. We highlight that the performance of LSTM is better than that of random forest and linear methods. This study assessed four electrochemical air quality sensors and different calibration models, and the methodology and results can benefit assessments of other low-cost sensors.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Atmospheric Sensing of Multiple Atmospheric Variables Using the DataHawk Small Airborne Measurement System

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2352-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A. Lawrence ◽  
Ben B. Balsley
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Turbulence Structure ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Airborne Measurement ◽  
Atmospheric Measurement ◽  
Atmospheric Variables

Abstract The DataHawk small airborne measurement system provides in situ atmospheric measurement capabilities for documenting scales as small as 1 m and can access reasonably large volumes in and above the atmospheric boundary layer at low cost. The design of the DataHawk system is described, beginning with the atmospheric measurement requirements, and articulating five key challenges that any practical measurement system must overcome. The resulting characteristics of the airborne and ground support components of the DataHawk system are outlined, along with its deployment, operating, and recovery modes. Typical results are presented to illustrate the types and quality of data provided by the current system, as well as the need for more of these finescale measurements. Particular focus is given to the DataHawk's ability to make very-high-resolution measurements of a variety of atmospheric variables simultaneously, with emphasis given to the measurement of two important finescale turbulence parameters, (the temperature turbulence structure constant) and ɛ (the turbulent energy dissipation rate). Future sensing possibilities and limitations using this approach are also discussed.

scholarly journals Visual Measurement System for Wheel–Rail Lateral Position Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Viktor Skrickij ◽  
Eldar Šabanovič ◽  
Dachuan Shi ◽  
Stefano Ricci ◽  
Luca Rizzetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Visual Measurement ◽  
Track Geometry

Railway infrastructure must meet safety requirements concerning its construction and operation. Track geometry monitoring is one of the most important activities in maintaining the steady technical conditions of rail infrastructure. Commonly, it is performed using complex measurement equipment installed on track-recording coaches. Existing low-cost inertial sensor-based measurement systems provide reliable measurements of track geometry in vertical directions. However, solutions are needed for track geometry parameter measurement in the lateral direction. In this research, the authors developed a visual measurement system for track gauge evaluation. It involves the detection of measurement points and the visual measurement of the distance between them. The accuracy of the visual measurement system was evaluated in the laboratory and showed promising results. The initial field test was performed in the Vilnius railway station yard, driving at low velocity on the straight track section. The results show that the image point selection method developed for selecting the wheel and rail points to measure distance is stable enough for TG measurement. Recommendations for the further improvement of the developed system are presented.

Development of Bioimpedance Sensors and Measurement System for Biomedical In-Vitro Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-499
Author(s):  
Stadler B. Eng. Sebastian ◽  
Herbert Plischke ◽  
Christian Hanshans
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Store And Forward

Abstract Bioimpedance analysis is a label-free and easy approach to obtain information on cellular barrier integrity and cell viability more broadly. In this work, we introduce a small, low-cost, portable in vitro impedance measurement system for studies where a shadow-free exposure of the cells is a requirement. It can be controlled by a user-friendly web interface and can perform measurements automated and autonomously at short intervals. The system can be integrated into an existing IoT network for remote monitoring and indepth analyses. A single-board computer (SBC) serves as the central unit, to control, analyze, store and forward the measurement data from the single-chip impedance analyzer. Various materials and manufacturing methods were used to produce a purpose-built lid on top of a modified 24-well microtiter plate in a “do it yourself” fashion. Furthermore, three different sensor designs were developed utilizing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes and gold-plated electrodes. Preliminary tests with potassium chloride (KCl) showed first promising results.

A HIGHLY ACCURATE ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR TREMOR USING BINARY AMPLITUDE-SHIFT-KEYING AND PHASE-SHIFT METHOD

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
MENG-HSIANG YANG ◽  
K. N. HUANG ◽  
C. F. HUANG ◽  
S. S. HUANG ◽  
M. S. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Shift Method ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Modulation Signal ◽  
Phase Shift Method

A highly accurate Binary Amplitude-Shift-Keyed (BASK) ultrasonic tremor measurement system for use in isothermal air is developed. In this paper, we present a simple but efficient algorithm based upon phase shifts generated by three ultrasonic waves of different frequencies. By the proposed method, we can conduct larger range measurement than the phase-shift method and also get higher accuracy compared with the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Our microcomputer-based system includes two important parts. One of which is BASK modulation signal generator. The other is a phase meter designed to record and compute the phase shifts of the three different frequencies and the result motion is then sent to either an LCD for display or a PC for calibration. Experiments are done in the laboratory using BASK modulation for the frequencies of 200 Hz and 1 kHz with a 40 kHz carrier. The measurement accuracy of this measurement system in the reported experiments is within +/- 0.98 mm. The main advantages of this ultrasonic tremor measurement system are high resolution, narrow bandwidth requirement, low cost, and easy to be implemented.

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