scholarly journals A Blockchain Framework for Securing Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathee ◽  
Sharma ◽  
Iqbal ◽  
Aloqaily ◽  
Jaglan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Original Concept

Recently, connected vehicles (CV) are becoming a promising research area leading to the concept of CV as a Service (CVaaS). With the increase of connected vehicles and an exponential growth in the field of online cab booking services, new requirements such as secure, seamless and robust information exchange among vehicles of vehicular networks are emerging. In this context, the original concept of vehicular networks is being transformed into a new concept known as connected and autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicular use yields a better experience and helps in reducing congestion by allowing current information to be obtained by the vehicles instantly. However, malicious users in the internet of vehicles may mislead the whole communication where intruders may compromise smart devices with the purpose of executing a malicious ploy. In order to prevent these issues, a blockchain technique is considered the best technique that provides secrecy and protection to the control system in real time conditions. In this paper, the issue of security in smart sensors of connected vehicles that can be compromised by expert intruders is addressed by proposing a blockchain framework. This study has further identified and validated the proposed mechanism based on various security criteria, such as fake requests of the user, compromise of smart devices, probabilistic authentication scenarios and alteration in stored user’s ratings. The results have been analyzed against some existing approach and validated with improved simulated results that offer 79% success rate over the above-mentioned issues.

scholarly journals Internet of Vehicles: Commencing Intellectual Hoarse Towards Self-Regulating Cars and Vehicular Clouds for Smart Transportation Structure [Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network: A Review and Application in the Internet of Vehicles]

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Risabh Mishra ◽  
M Safa ◽  
Aditya Anand
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Information Service ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and automobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of Internet of Vehicles over the past few years.The advanced period of the Internet of Things is guiding the development of conventional Vehicular Networks to the Internet of Vehicles.In the days of Internet connectivity there is need to be in safe and problem-free environment.The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is normally a mixing of three networks: an inter-vehicleNetwork, an intra-vehicle network, and a vehicle to vehicle network.Based on  idea of three networks combining into one, we define  Internet of Vehicles as a large-scale distributed system to wireless communication and information exchange between vehicle2X (X: vehicle, road, human and internet).It is a combined   network for supporting intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information service, and intelligent vehicle control, representation of an application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology for intelligent transportation system (ITS).  

scholarly journals Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles: A Decentralized IoT Solution for Vehicles Communication Using Ethereum

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rateb Jabbar ◽  
Mohamed Kharbeche ◽  
Khalifa Al-Khalifa ◽  
Moez Krichen ◽  
Kamel Barkaoui
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Blockchain Technology

The concept of smart cities has become prominent in modern metropolises due to the emergence of embedded and connected smart devices, systems, and technologies. They have enabled the connection of every “thing” to the Internet. Therefore, in the upcoming era of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) will play a crucial role in newly developed smart cities. The IoV has the potential to solve various traffic and road safety problems effectively in order to prevent fatal crashes. However, a particular challenge in the IoV, especially in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, is to ensure fast, secure transmission and accurate recording of the data. In order to overcome these challenges, this work is adapting Blockchain technology for real time application (RTA) to solve Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications problems. Therefore, the main novelty of this paper is to develop a Blockchain-based IoT system in order to establish secure communication and create an entirely decentralized cloud computing platform. Moreover, the authors qualitatively tested the performance and resilience of the proposed system against common security attacks. Computational tests showed that the proposed solution solved the main challenges of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communications such as security, centralization, and lack of privacy. In addition, it guaranteed an easy data exchange between different actors of intelligent transportation systems.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Solutions in Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9792
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kaltakis ◽  
Panagiota Polyzi ◽  
George Drosatos ◽  
Konstantinos Rantos
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Critical Overview

Blockchain, a promising technology that has matured and nowadays is widely used in many fields, such as supply chain management, smart grids, agriculture and logistics, has also been proposed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) ecosystem to enhance the protection of the data that roadside units and vehicles exchange. Blockchain technology can inherently guarantee the availability, integrity and immutability of data stored in IoV, yet it cannot protect privacy and data confidentiality on its own. As such, solutions that utilise this technology have to consider the adoption of privacy-preserving schemes to address users’ privacy concerns. This paper provides a literature review of proposed solutions that provide different vehicular services using blockchain technology while preserving privacy. In this context, it analyses existing solutions’ main characteristics and properties to provide a comprehensive and critical overview and identifies their contribution in the field. Moreover, it provides suggestions to researchers for future work in the field of privacy-preserving blockchain-enabled solutions for vehicular networks.

scholarly journals Trust management in social Internet of vehicles: Factors, challenges, blockchain, and fog solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 155014771982582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razi Iqbal ◽  
Talal Ashraf Butt ◽  
Muhammad Afzaal ◽  
Khaled Salah
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Social Internet Of Things ◽  
Trust Models

The Internet of things is the next stage in the evolution of the Internet that is being materialized with the integration of billions of smart objects. The state-of-the-art communication technologies have enabled the previously isolated devices to become an active part of the Internet. This constant connectivity opens new avenues for novel applications such as the realization of social Internet of things and its subdomain the social Internet of vehicles. Socializing requires sharing of information that entails trust, especially in an open and broad social environment. This article highlights the key factors involved in conceptualizing an efficient trust model for social Internet of vehicles. Furthermore, it focuses on the unique challenges involved in designing the trust models for social Internet of vehicles. Several trust models exist in literature; however, most of the existing trust models are specific to their domains, for example, Internet of things, social Internet of things, or general vehicular networks. This article presents a brief review of the trust models that have the potential to be implemented in Social Internet of vehicles. Finally, the authors present an overview of how trending concepts and emerging technologies like blockchain and fog computing can assist in developing a trust-based social Internet of vehicles model for high-efficiency, decentralized architecture and dynamic nature of vehicular networks.

scholarly journals Internet of Vehicle Empowered Mobile Media Scenarios: In-Vehicle Infotainment Solutions for the Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7448
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yu ◽  
Doudou Jin ◽  
Xiaoxiao Song ◽  
Chao Zhai ◽  
Desheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Media Services ◽  
The Media

Recently, the commercial potentials and practical values of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) have been witnessed for sustainable development of smart cities in the field of intelligent transportation. Driven by the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles gradually become mobile living spaces to satisfy diverse demands of occupants, where the media functionalities, scenario scopes, and user engagements can be all expended dramatically. In the era of 5G/B5G, the intelligent connected vehicles are considered as super media because of the improved In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI). In this paper, relying on the advanced communication and intelligent techniques, we investigate the IoV-based vehicle-mounted media scenarios and construct IVI solutions for the MaaS. Firstly, we propose the characteristics of vehicle-mounted media scenarios and present the IVI evolution from the aspects of hearing, vision and multi-sensory media services. Secondly, we point out the main features and limitations of IoV-based IVI in 3G/4G. Finally, exploring the potential of super media, both the linkage display and IVI collaborative modes in vehicle-centric media scenarios are introduced as IVI solutions for the MaaS in 5G-V2X and beyond, which intend to further improve the audio-visual experiences of occupants and observers in urban environments.

scholarly journals A Review on Fractal Geometry Enhanced Vehicular Communication under 5G Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Raghavendra ◽  
Deepti Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Day By Day

A lot of technological advancements in the field of vehicular communication has seen in the past decade, which has brought an increasing in a great extent day by day and it’s becoming as a leading research area which provides the scope in terms of safe driving, accident controllability, enhanced security and portability. As we are moving towards the fifth generation, which is showing its dominance on vehicular communication in the next coming years. In this regards the antennas which are used for communication is also an important factor and this paper brings a complete vision over vehicular communication, relevant antennas specified for the latest 5G communication and the paper is concluded with discussion on Internet of vehicles. The impact of Fractal geometry based antennas in the fields of vehicular communication as well as 5G for connected autonomous vehicles are also discussed through this paper.

Handover Mechanisms in Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livinus Tuyisenge ◽  
Marwane Ayaida ◽  
Samir Tohme ◽  
Lissan-Eddine Afilal
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Vertical Handover ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Applications

Vertical handover is one of the key technologies that will enable the connected and autonomous vehicles deployment. The emergence of vehicular networks—V2V, V2I, V2X—communications has enabled new applications, such as cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS), real-time applications. However, these networks are characterized by a high level of mobility and dynamic change in the topology, which generates scattered networks. To address this problem and ensure a high level of performance, a new concept denoted heterogeneous vehicular networks (HVN) emerged, which is a key concept of the internet of vehicles (IoV). It consists in a hybridization the vehicular network (IEEE 802.11p) and cellular networks (3G/LTE/4G). In this chapter, authors introduced this new concept of IOV and its architectures and communication layers. Then they explored the different existing data relaying mechanisms in order to propose a new classification of handover approaches. After that, they presented the support of handover mechanisms in LTE and finally highlighted some handover challenges and issues.

scholarly journals Segmenting The Web 2.0 Market: Behavioural And Usage Patterns Of Social Web Consumers

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Lorenzo-Romero ◽  
Efthymios Constantinides ◽  
Maria-del-Carmen Alarcon-del-Amo
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Web ◽  
The Web

The evolution of the commercial Internet to the current phase, commonly called Web 2.0 (or Social Web) has firmly positioned the web not only as a commercial but also as a social communication platform: an online environment facilitating peer-to-peer interaction, socialization, co-operation and information exchange. Internet users are not any more passive consumers of information but are actively involved in online creation, editing, and dissemination of content. They form virtual communities and interact with each other making use of a variety of interactive applications like social-networking sites, online forums, blogs, and wikis. This new social environment entails new challenges and opportunities for marketers, practitioners and behavioural researchers encompassing an appealing and untapped research area. In this empirical study we develop a classification of Web 2.0 users.  Segments are identified on the basis of socio-demographic features, involvement, usage of the Internet, online purchase behaviour, personality characteristics, and the degree of use of Social Web sites. We analyze the differences between user segments, their trust levels and satisfaction and conclude that the degree of online experience is one of the most important antecedents of trust and satisfaction with Web 2.0 applications. The study identifies issues of further research and ways that can help field marketers to better map and understand their online markets in order to utilize effectively the Internet and particularly of the Web 2.0 domain as part of their marketing strategy.

scholarly journals Secure and dynamic access control for the Internet of Things (IoT) based traffic system

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e471
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Aftab ◽  
Ariyo Oluwasanmi ◽  
Abdullah Alharbi ◽  
Osama Sohaib ◽  
Xuyun Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Dynamic Access Control

Today, the trend of the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing through the use of smart devices, vehicular networks, and household devices with internet-based networks. Specifically, the IoT smart devices and gadgets used in government and military are crucial to operational success. Communication and data sharing between these devices have increased in several ways. Similarly, the threats of information breaches between communication channels have also surged significantly, making data security a challenging task. In this context, access control is an approach that can secure data by restricting unauthorized users. Various access control models exist that can effectively implement access control yet, and there is no single state-of-the-art model that can provide dynamicity, security, ease of administration, and rapid execution all at once. In combating this loophole, we propose a novel secure and dynamic access control (SDAC) model for the IoT networks (smart traffic control and roadside parking management). Our proposed model allows IoT devices to communicate and share information through a secure means by using wired and wireless networks (Cellular Networks or Wi-Fi). The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model are demonstrated using mathematical models and discussed with many example implementations.

scholarly journals Blockchain Framework for Communication between Vehicle through IoT Devices and Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vehicular Network ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Novel Concept

The advent of autonomous vehicles is indeed a potential field of research in today's situation. Connected Vehicles (CV) have received a lot of attention in the last decade, which has resulted in CV as a Service (CVaaS). With the advent of taxi services, there is a need for or demand for robust, seamless, and secure information transmission between the vehicles connected to a vehicular network. Thus, the concept of vehicular networking is transformed into novel concept of autonomous and connected vehicles. These autonomous vehicles will serve as a better experience by providing instant information from the vehicles via congestion reduction. The significant drawback faced by the invention of autonomous vehicles is the malicious floor of intruders, who tend to mislead the communication between the vehicles resulting in the compromised smart devices. To address these concerns, the best methodology that will protect and secure the control system of the autonomous vehicle in real time is blockchain. This research work proposes a blockchain framework in order to address the security challenges in autonomous vehicles. This research work enhances the security of smart vehicles thereby preventing intruders from accessing the vehicular network. To validate the suggested technique, money security criteria such as changing stored user ratings, probabilistic authentication scenarios, smart device compromise, and bogus user requests were employed. The observed findings have been documented and analysed, revealing an 82% success rate.

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