scholarly journals A Sensor Array for the Measurement of Relative Motion in Lower Limb Prosthetic Sockets

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Veronika Noll ◽  
Sigrid Whitmore ◽  
Philipp Beckerle ◽  
Stephan Rinderknecht
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Dynamic Gait

The relative motion between residual limb and prosthetic socket could be a relevant factor in quantifying socket fit. The measurement of these movements, particularly in dynamic gait situations, poses a challenging task. This paper presents the realization of a measurement concept based on multiple optical 2D-motion sensors. The performance of the system was evaluated on a test rig considering accuracy and precision as well as accomplished measurement frequency and reliability of the system. Additionally, results of a pilot study measuring the relative motion between residual limb and prosthetic socket at seven specific locations of one individual with transtibial amputation during straight level walking are presented. The sensor functionality of the array was confirmed and the test rig experiments were comparable to the previously tested functional model ( e r r rel = 0.52 ± 1.87 %). With a sampling frequency of 1.3 kHz to be distributed among the number of sensor units, the developed system is suitable for investigating the relative movement between residual limb and prosthetic socket in dynamic gait situations. Results of the pilot study show the majority of relative motion occurring during the second half of the gait cycle. The measured relative motions show the residual limb sinking deeper into the socket, extending in the Sagittal plane and rotating internally in the Transverse plane during stance phase. Data captured during swing phase indicate a lower limb extension in the Sagittal plane as well as an external rotation in the Transverse plane.

scholarly journals Accuracy Verification of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology for Lower-Limb Prosthetic Research: Utilising Animal Soft Tissue Specimen and Common Socket Casting Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Safari ◽  
Philip Rowe ◽  
Arjan Buis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Volume Measurements

Lower limb prosthetic socket shape and volume consistency can be quantified using MRI technology. Additionally, MRI images of the residual limb could be used as an input data for CAD-CAM technology and finite element studies. However, the accuracy of MRI when socket casting materials are used has to be defined. A number of six, 46 mm thick, cross-sections of an animal leg were used. Three specimens were wrapped with Plaster of Paris (POP) and the other three with commercially available silicone interface liner. Data was obtained by utilising MRI technology and then the segmented images compared to corresponding calliper measurement, photographic imaging, and water suspension techniques. The MRI measurement results were strongly correlated with actual diameter, surface area, and volume measurements. The results show that the selected scanning parameters and the semiautomatic segmentation method are adequate enough, considering the limit of clinical meaningful shape and volume fluctuation, for residual limb volume and the cross-sectional surface area measurements.

Technique modifications for a suction suspension version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket: The Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Caldwell ◽  
Stefania Fatone
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Northwestern University

Background and Aim: Development of a passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket would expand application of sub-ischial sockets to a larger proportion of persons with transfemoral amputation. While active vacuum suspension provides more positive coupling of the residual limb to the prosthetic socket, there are circumstances when use of active vacuum is not appropriate or feasible. Therefore, this technical note describes the technique modifications required to cast, fabricate, and fit a passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket (i.e. the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket). Technique: Most technique modifications stem from the use of an internal seal with the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket and the need to account for the greater relative motion occurring between the residual limb and socket with passive suction compared to active vacuum suspension. Discussion: Between January 2015 and March 2018, 266 Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction sockets were fit successfully using the described technique modifications. Clinical relevance A passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket—the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket—broadens the application of sub-ischial sockets to a larger proportion of the population with transfemoral amputation.

Thermal Residual Limb Manikin to Test Novel Cooling Technologies for Prosthetic Sockets

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Bates ◽  
Glenn K. Klute
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
System Power ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

Heat and perspiration inside the prosthesis cause discomfort and adherence problems for lower limb amputees. To bench test new prosthetic socket interventions, we developed a thermal residual limb manikin (TRLM) and used it to compare two novel cooling technologies: (1) a vacuum pump which provides ventilation across the skin (FLOW) and (2) a liquid cooling sleeve (SLEEVE). Power to maintain TRLM core temperature was measured to indicate cooling effectiveness. Power increased by 7% and 8% after 90 minutes of convective cooling and evaporative cooling, respectively, with the FLOW system. Power increased by 28% with the SLEEVE system.

A New Proposed Method to Reverse Engineer a Residual Limb for Prosthetic Socket - Procedure, Advantages and Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 558-563
Author(s):  
Divya Singh ◽  
Richa Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Reverse Engineer ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Human Body Part ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

A prosthetic replaces any missing human body part visibly and also aims to resume the normal functionality of the part. Reverse engineering extracts information from a present model or available design and develops a new model using advanced CAD tools. Nowadays the reverse engineered part can be combined with rapid prototyping by various software and integration of CAD-CAM platforms. In this paper, a new method to reverse engineer the residual limb information for lower limb amputees, in order to use it for analyzing and developing a prosthetic socket by scanning and developing a CAD model is proposed. Along this are discussed, the advantages and challenges. This work falls in the emerging field of interdisciplinary engineering, combining medical and advanced mechanical engineering on a humanitarian platform

Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of a Dynamic Soft Robotic Prosthetic Socket Interface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Holmes ◽  
Wenlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Embedded Sensing ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Socket Interface ◽  
Prototype Design

Prosthetic sockets are static interfaces for dynamic residual limbs. As the user’s activity level increases, the volume of the residual limb can decrease by up to 11% and increase by as much as 7% after activity. Currently, volume fluctuation is addressed by adding/removing prosthetic socks to change the profile of the residual limb. However, this is impractical and time consuming. These painful/functional issues demand a prosthetic socket with an adjustable interface that can adapt to the user’s needs. This paper presents a prototype design for a dynamic soft robotic interface which addresses this need. The actuators are adjustable depending on the user’s activity level, and their structure provides targeted compression to the soft tissue which helps to limit movement of the bone relative to the socket. Testing of the prototype demonstrated promising potential for the design with further refinement. Work on embedded sensing and intelligent feedback control should be continued in future research in order to create a viable consumer product which can improve a lower limb amputee’s quality of life.

scholarly journals A physically-motivated model describing the dynamic interactions between residual limb and socket in lower limb prostheses

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Noll ◽  
Niclas Eschner ◽  
Christian Schumacher ◽  
Philipp Beckerle ◽  
Stephan Rinderknecht
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reduced Model ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Lower Limb Prostheses

Abstract:The amputee’s well-being and mobility are distinclty related to socket fit and resulting biomechanical interaction between residual limb and prosthetic socket. Understanding the dynamic interactions at the interface may lead to new socket standards. This paper introduces a physically-motivated reduced model of the interface, describing the dynamic interactions between residual limb and prosthetic socket. The model allows to investigate the sensitivity to changes of specific parameters in an isolated matter. A simulation study shows how stress distribution changes if friction coefficients are varied which might advance liner design.

KINETIC ANALYSIS OF GAIT IN THE SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650055 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO BRANCO ◽  
RITA SANTOS-ROCHA ◽  
LILIANA AGUIAR ◽  
FILOMENA VIEIRA ◽  
ANTÓNIO VELOSO
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

Most of the anatomical changes related to the body of pregnant women occur between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The purposes of the study were to quantify the lower limb kinetics of gait and draw a comparison between women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and a nonpregnant group. Subjects and methods: A three-dimensional (3D) kinetic analysis of gait was performed in 24 pregnant and 12 nonpregnant women. Results: Between trimesters of pregnancy, a decrease in the third peak of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) in the third trimester was observed. Most of the changes found between pregnant and nonpregnant women were in the sagittal plane for hip, knee and ankle moments, which report a decrease in mechanical load of the lower limb. In frontal plane a significant decrease in ankle joint moment was found, and in the transverse plane a significant increase in hip moment was found. Joints power decreases for hip and ankle power in sagittal and frontal plane, and increases for hip power in transverse plane. The function of propulsion and mobilization appears to be related to the different changes that occur between the right leg and left. Conclusion: These results suggest that adaptations regarding muscle participation occur first (second trimester), followed by adaptations in muscle power (third trimester). Understanding the biomechanical adaptations during pregnancy may provide more information about mechanical loads, which subsequently will be helpful for prescribing exercise and rehabilitation programs, as well as for the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries.

627-P: Efficacy and Safety of Allogeneic Platelet Rich Plasma in Treatment of Diabetic Patients with Lower Limb Ulcers: A Pilot Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 627-P
Author(s):  
WUQUAN DENG ◽  
MIN HE ◽  
BING CHEN ◽  
YU MA ◽  
DAVID ARMSTRONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

scholarly journals Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Joint Asymmetry during Gait in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Michela Deidda ◽  
Federica Putzolu ◽  
Micaela Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The majority of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), report lower limb motor dysfunctions, which may relevantly affect postural control, gait and a wide range of activities of daily living. While it is quite common to observe a different impact of the disease on the two limbs (i.e., one of them is more affected), less clear are the effects of such asymmetry on gait performance. The present retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the magnitude of interlimb asymmetry in pwMS, particularly as regards the joint kinematics, using parameters derived from angle-angle diagrams. To this end, we analyzed gait patterns of 101 pwMS (55 women, 46 men, mean age 46.3, average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5, range 1–6.5) and 81 unaffected individuals age- and sex-matched who underwent 3D computerized gait analysis carried out using an eight-camera motion capture system. Spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics in the sagittal plane at hip, knee and ankle joints were considered for the analysis. The angular trends of left and right sides were processed to build synchronized angle–angle diagrams (cyclograms) for each joint, and symmetry was assessed by computing several geometrical features such as area, orientation and Trend Symmetry. Based on cyclogram orientation and Trend Symmetry, the results show that pwMS exhibit significantly greater asymmetry in all three joints with respect to unaffected individuals. In particular, orientation values were as follows: 5.1 of pwMS vs. 1.6 of unaffected individuals at hip joint, 7.0 vs. 1.5 at knee and 6.4 vs. 3.0 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases), while for Trend Symmetry we obtained at hip 1.7 of pwMS vs. 0.3 of unaffected individuals, 4.2 vs. 0.5 at knee and 8.5 vs. 1.5 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, the same parameters were sensitive enough to discriminate individuals of different disability levels. With few exceptions, all the calculated symmetry parameters were found significantly correlated with the main spatio-temporal parameters of gait and the EDSS score. In particular, large correlations were detected between Trend Symmetry and gait speed (with rho values in the range of –0.58 to –0.63 depending on the considered joint, p < 0.001) and between Trend Symmetry and EDSS score (rho = 0.62 to 0.69, p < 0.001). Such results suggest not only that MS is associated with significantly marked interlimb asymmetry during gait but also that such asymmetry worsens as the disease progresses and that it has a relevant impact on gait performances.

scholarly journals Effects of physical therapy on hyaluronan clearance and volume regulating hormones in lower limb lymphedema patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042199848
Author(s):  
Bianca Brix ◽  
Gert Apich ◽  
Andreas Rössler ◽  
Sebastian Walbrodt ◽  
Nandu Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Lymphatic Flow ◽  
Compression Bandaging ◽  
Complete Decongestive Therapy ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Lymphedema is manifested as a chronic swelling arising due to stasis in the lymphatic flow. No cure is currently available. A non-invasive treatment is a 3 week complete decongestive therapy (CDT), including manual lymphatic drainage and compression bandaging to control swelling. As CDT leads to mobilization of several liters of fluid, effects of CDT on hyaluronan clearance (maker for lymphatic outflow), volume regulating hormones, total plasma protein as well as plasma density, osmolality and selected electrolytes were investigated. In this pilot study, we assessed hyaluronan and volume regulating hormone responses from plasma samples of nine patients (three males, six females, aged 55 ± 13 years) with lower limb lymphedema stage II-III, before - and after - CDT. A paired non-parametric test (Wilcoxon) was used to assess hormonal and plasma volume changes. Correlation was tested using Spearman’s correlation. The main findings of this novel study are that lymphedema patients lost volume and weight after therapy. Hyaluronic acid did not significantly change pre- compared to post-CDT. Aldosterone increased significantly after therapy, while plasma renin activity increased, but not significantly. Plasma total protein, density, osmolality and sodium and chloride did not show differences after CDT. To our knowledge, no study has previously investigated the effects of CDT on volume regulating hormones or electrolytes. To identify the time-course of volume regulating hormones and lymphatic flow changes induced by CDT, future studies should assess these parameters serially over 3 weeks of therapy.

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