scholarly journals Investigation of Tactile Sensory System Configuration for Construction Hazard Perception

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayan Sakhakarmi ◽  
JeeWoong Park
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hazard Communication ◽  
Types Of Information

The application of tactile-based wearable devices to assist in navigation for people with low sight/low memory has demonstrated the feasibility of using such devices as a means of communication. Accordingly, a previous study in construction research investigated various parameters of tactile signals to develop a communicable system for potential application in construction hazard communication. However, the nature of construction limits the application of such devices to the body of construction workers, and it is important to understand sensor design parameters for improved communication, which has not been given significant attention yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine key design factors such as the number of motors, spacing between sensors and the layout of a tactile sensory system to be used for communicating construction hazards to workers. For this purpose, this study focused on identifying the number of motors based on extensive literature and the problem of construction safety as to hazard communication, determining the arrangement that allowed for effective delivery and perception of information with minimum effort. The researchers conducted two experimental studies: First, to determine the minimum spacing between vibration motors that allows for the identification of each individual motor with high accuracy; and second, to determine the layout of motors that is suitable for effective communication of multiple types of information. More importantly, the tactile-sensor configuration identified from this study allows the workers to learn the signal patterns easily in order to identify multiple types of information related to hazards. Using such a communication system on construction sites will assist in transmitting hazard-related information to workers, and thus, protect the lives of workers. Such wearable technologies enable the detection of individual-level hazards and prevent worker fatalities and severe injuries.

scholarly journals Theory of hibernament ensembles and the possibility of its use to ensure life activity for extremal impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
I B Ushakov ◽  
V N Komarevtsev ◽  
N V Sapetsky ◽  
A O Sapetskiy ◽  
N N Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Severe Injuries

The possibility of efficient use of the theory of hibernation ensembles to ensure vital activity in extreme conditions is considered. Hibernation ensembles are strictly selected sets of tools, among which are special combinations of pharmacological preparations and hypostabilizers, respiratory mixtures different in gas composition, controlled hypothermia, etc., which, when coordinated, cause the formation of a special state of the body, referred to as «hypobiosis and cryobiosis» or artificial hibernation. The data of experimental studies on changes in the body’s resistance to the extreme effects of gamma radiation, to acute hypobaric hypoxia and to flight overloads under conditions of artificially induced hibernation are generalized to determine the possibility of using the theory of hibernation ensembles while ensuring vital activity under extreme influences. It is shown that under the influence of vegetotropic agents against the background of hypothermia, the metabolic processes slow down significantly and the organism of warm-blooded animals begins to acquire ambient temperature. The condition that occurs in this case is accompanied by an increase in the body’s resistance to extreme factors, such as acute hypobaric hypoxia, deep hypothermia, exposure to ionizing radiation, toxic lesions, massive blood loss, pain shock, etc. This area of research is of particular relevance for the development of methods for long-term life support person in extreme conditions, with severe injuries and in the provision of medical care in conditions of mass admission victims, since it provides a reserve of time necessary for organizing the safe transportation of victims to the places of specialized and high-tech medical care, that is, actually providing medical care at a later date.

Calculated-Experimental Determination of Values Natural Frequencies Oscillations of the Case and Parameters of the Case Determining these Values

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
A.V. Proskurin ◽  
A.V. Shlishevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Finite Element Method

The task of studying the behavior of various structures under the influence of intense pulsed (shock) loads that arise during the operation of many modern structures, machines and devices remains relevant for many years. One of the stages of this study is to find the values of the natural frequencies of vibrations and design parameters that determine these values. To find the natural frequencies of oscillations of the body, which are four flanges connected by cylindrical shells, the finite element method and analytical solutions were used. An analysis of experimental studies. Determination of natural frequencies values and design parameters determining these values will allow evaluating the response of the structure to the loads acting during its operation, and making corrections to the structure that change the response of the structure, as well as will help to more accurately select the installation sites of piezoelectric accelerometers for recording drums accelerations.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

scholarly journals Design and Calibration of a Force/Tactile Sensor for Dexterous Manipulation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Costanzo ◽  
Giuseppe De Maria ◽  
Ciro Natale ◽  
Salvatore Pirozzi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Dexterous Manipulation ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Grasping Force ◽  
Sense Of Touch ◽  
Human Sense ◽  
Robotic Applications

This paper presents the design and calibration of a new force/tactile sensor for robotic applications. The sensor is suitably designed to provide the robotic grasping device with a sensory system mimicking the human sense of touch, namely, a device sensitive to contact forces, object slip and object geometry. This type of perception information is of paramount importance not only in dexterous manipulation but even in simple grasping tasks, especially when objects are fragile, such that only a minimum amount of grasping force can be applied to hold the object without damaging it. Moreover, sensing only forces and not moments can be very limiting to securely grasp an object when it is grasped far from its center of gravity. Therefore, the perception of torsional moments is a key requirement of the designed sensor. Furthermore, the sensor is also the mechanical interface between the gripper and the manipulated object, therefore its design should consider also the requirements for a correct holding of the object. The most relevant of such requirements is the necessity to hold a torsional moment, therefore a soft distributed contact is necessary. The presence of a soft contact poses a number of challenges in the calibration of the sensor, and that is another contribution of this work. Experimental validation is provided in real grasping tasks with two sensors mounted on an industrial gripper.

Making Up 3D Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiona Hagen Niehaus ◽  
Rebecca Fiebrink
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the process of developing a software tool for digital artistic exploration of 3D human figures. Previously available software for modeling mesh-based 3D human figures restricts user output based on normative assumptions about the form that a body might take, particularly in terms of gender, race, and disability status, which are reinforced by ubiquitous use of range-limited sliders mapped to singular high-level design parameters. CreatorCustom, the software prototype created during this research, is designed to foreground an exploratory approach to modeling 3D human bodies, treating the digital body as a sculptural landscape rather than a presupposed form for rote technical representation. Building on prior research into serendipity in Human-Computer Interaction and 3D modeling systems for users at various levels of proficiency, among other areas, this research comprises two qualitative studies and investigation of the impact on the first author's artistic practice. Study 1 uses interviews and practice sessions to explore the practices of six queer artists working with the body and the language, materials, and actions they use in their practice; these then informed the design of the software tool. Study 2 investigates the usability, creativity support, and bodily implications of the software when used by thirteen artists in a workshop. These studies reveal the importance of exploration and unexpectedness in artistic practice, and a desire for experimental digital approaches to the human form.

scholarly journals Personal Aging Is Political: A Feminist Perspective on Subjective Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-556
Author(s):  
Anne Barrett ◽  
Cherish Michael ◽  
Jessica Noblitt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Characteristic ◽  
Aging Anxiety ◽  
Subjective Aging

Abstract An extensive literature examines subjective aging – a construct encompassing many aspects of individuals’ views of aging, such as age identity, aging anxiety, awareness of aging, and views of life stages. A factor receiving attention within this research is gender, with studies revealing much about gender differences not only in subjective aging but also its health and behavioral consequences. However, we argue that the literature is limited by its focus on gender as an individual-level characteristic – rather than a profoundly social element emerging within interactions, pervading institutions, and constituting a system of inequality that intersects with others, including age. Addressing this limitation, our chapter applies a feminist perspective to the study of subjective aging. This perspective draws into focus the implications for subjective aging of gender’s social embeddedness and provides an illustration of the interconnection between the personal and political spheres.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria ◽  
Viviane Amaral Saliba ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.

Experimental Studies on Diesel Engine with Piston Crown Modification Using an Optimum Alternative Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 830-835
Author(s):  
Akkaraju H. Kiran Theja ◽  
Rayapati Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
The Body ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Piston Crown ◽  
Karanja Oil

The drawbacks associated with bio-fuels can be minimized by making modifications to combustion chamber. Modification of combustion chamber is achieved by providing an air gap in between the crown and the body of the piston with the top crown made of low thermal conductivity material. Experimentation is carried on a diesel engine with brass as piston crown material and karanja as test fuel, which is found to be a better alternative fuel based on the tests carried out prior to modification. Investigations are carried out on the performance of the engine with modified combustion chamber consisting of air gap insulated piston with 2 mm air gap with brass crown when fuelled with karanja oil. Comparative studies are made between the two configurations of engine with and without modification at an injection timing of 29obTDC. Performance, heat balance and emission plots are made with respect to brake power. Fuel consumption increased with modification. The mechanical and volumetric efficiencies are similar in both the cases. Indicated and brake thermal efficiencies got reduced with modification. But, it is good to see that HC and CO emissions are showing positive trend. Thus, the present investigation hints the possibility of improvements while making piston modification and providing air gap insulation.

scholarly journals Vibration-Sensing Electronic Yarns for the Monitoring of Hand Transmitted Vibrations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2780
Author(s):  
Zahra Rahemtulla ◽  
Theodore Hughes-Riley ◽  
Tilak Dias
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Textile Yarn ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vibration Sensing ◽  
Yarn Structure ◽  
Fabric Sample ◽  
Power Tools

Overexposure to hand transmitted vibrations (HTVs) from prolonged use of vibrating power tools can result in severe injuries. By monitoring the exposure of a worker to HTVs, overexposure, and injury, can be mitigated. An ideal HTV-monitoring system would measure vibration were it enters the body, which for many power tools will be the palm and fingers, however this is difficult to achieve using conventional transducers as they will affect the comfort of the user and subsequently alter the way that the tool is held. By embedding a transducer within the core of a textile yarn, that can be used to produce a glove, vibration can be monitored close to where it enters the body without compromising the comfort of the user. This work presents a vibration-sensing electronic yarn that was created by embedding a commercially available accelerometer within the structure of a yarn. These yarns were subsequently used to produce a vibration-sensing glove. The purpose of this study is to characterize the response of the embedded accelerometer over a range of relevant frequencies and vibration amplitudes at each stage of the electronic yarn’s manufacture to understand how the yarn structure influences the sensors response. The vibration-sensing electronic yarn was subsequently incorporated into a fabric sample and characterized. Finally, four vibration-sensing electronic yarns were used to produce a vibration-sensing glove that is capable of monitoring vibration at the palm and index finger.

Late Stage Decomposition of Embalmed Cadavers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mata Tutor ◽  
Catherine Villoria Rojas ◽  
María Benito Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Law ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Preservation Technique ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Decomposition is a natural process that begins approximately four minutes after death and continues until the body is degraded to simpler biochemical components which are gradually recycled back to the environment. This process is dependent on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Embalming is a chemical preservation technique that aims to preserve the external appearance of the body in good condition for an indeterminate period. In Spain, there is a lack of experimental studies carried out to analyse the variables that affect decomposition in embalmed bodies, therefore, in accordance with the conclusions reached by previous authors, it is hypothesised that embalmed bodies show quantifiable characteristics during the late stage decomposition which distinguish them from control, unembalmed, cadavers. An anthropological and statistical analysis was performed on 14 individuals from Cementerio Sur de Madrid exhumed after ten years according to the Mortuary Health Law of the Autonomous Region of Madrid. The preliminary results obtained showed that there is a qualitative and statistically significant relationship between the variables evaluated, being the presence or absence of soft tissue the most notable difference. The mortuary or thanatopraxy treatments performed before the burial and the microenvironmental conditions of the burial positively influence the soft tissue preservation on embalmed bodies. These results contribute to the understanding about the decomposition rate of an embalmed cadavers in cemeteries, and the related extrinsic variables.

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