scholarly journals Analysis of Mobile Edge Computing for Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Lamb ◽  
Dharma Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cloud Resources

Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are an integral part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that facilitate communications between vehicles and the internet. More recently, VANET communications research has strayed from the antiquated DSRC standard and favored more modern cellular technologies, such as fifth generation (5G). The ability of cellular networks to serve highly mobile devices combined with the drastically increased capacity of 5G, would enable VANETs to accommodate large numbers of vehicles and support range of applications. The addition of thousands of new connected devices not only stresses the cellular networks, but also the computational and storage requirements supporting the applications and software of these devices. Autonomous vehicles, with numerous on-board sensors, are expected to generate large amounts of data that must be transmitted and processed. Realistically, on-board computing and storage resources of the vehicle cannot be expected to handle all data that will be generated over the vehicles lifetime. Cloud computing will be an essential technology in VANETs and will support the majority of computation and long-term data storage. However, the networking overhead and latency associated with remote cloud resources could prove detrimental to overall network performance. Edge computing seeks to reduce the overhead by placing computational resources nearer to the end users of the network. The geographical diversity and varied hardware configurations of resource in a edge-enabled network would require careful management to ensure efficient resource utilization. In this paper, we introduce an architecture which evaluates available resources in real-time and makes allocations to the most logical and feasible resource. We evaluate our approach mathematically with the use of a multi-criteria decision analysis algorithm and validate our results with experiments using a test-bed of cloud resources. Results demonstrate that an algorithmic ranking of physical resources matches very closely with experimental results and provides a means of delegating tasks to the best available resource.

scholarly journals Software-Defined Network-Based Vehicular Networks: A Position Paper on Their Modeling and Implementation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Nkenyereye ◽  
Lewis Nkenyereye ◽  
S. M. Riazul Islam ◽  
Yoon-Ho Choi ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Vehicular Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Hoc Networks

There is a strong devotion in the automotive industry to be part of a wider progression towards the Fifth Generation (5G) era. In-vehicle integration costs between cellular and vehicle-to-vehicle networks using Dedicated Short Range Communication could be avoided by adopting Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology with the possibility to re-use the existing mobile network infrastructure. More and more, with the emergence of Software Defined Networks, the flexibility and the programmability of the network have not only impacted the design of new vehicular network architectures but also the implementation of V2X services in future intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we define the concepts that help evaluate software-defined-based vehicular network systems in the literature based on their modeling and implementation schemes. We first overview the current studies available in the literature on C-V2X technology in support of V2X applications. We then present the different architectures and their underlying system models for LTE-V2X communications. We later describe the key ideas of software-defined networks and their concepts for V2X services. Lastly, we provide a comparative analysis of existing SDN-based vehicular network system grouped according to their modeling and simulation concepts. We provide a discussion and highlight vehicular ad-hoc networks’ challenges handled by SDN-based vehicular networks.

Data Dissemination in Vehicular Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 271-297
Author(s):  
Nitin Maslekar ◽  
Mounir Boussedjra ◽  
Houda Labiod ◽  
Joseph Mouzna
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) represent an important component necessary to develop Intelligent Transportation Systems. Recent advances in communications systems have created significant opportunities for a wide variety of applications and services to be implement in vehicles. Most of these applications require a certain dissemination performance to work satisfactorily. Although a variety of optimizations are possible, the basic idea for any dissemination scheme is to facilitate the acquisition of the knowledge about the surrounding vehicles. However, the dynamic nature of vehicular networks makes it difficult to achieve an effective dissemination among vehicles. This chapter provides an overview on those challenges and presents various approaches to disseminate data in vehicular networks.

scholarly journals On Blockchain-Enhanced Secure Data Storage and Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Kyung-Hyune Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Secure Data

The conventional architecture of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with a centralized approach has difficulty overcoming the increasing complexity of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications as well as challenges in providing large amounts of data storage, trust management, and information security. Therefore, vehicular edge computing networks (VECNets) have emerged to provide massive storage resources with powerful computing on network edges. However, a centralized server in VECNets is insufficient due to potential data leakage and security risks as it can still allow a single point of failure (SPoF). We propose consortium blockchain and smart contracts to ensure a trustworthy environment for secure data storage and sharing in the system to address these challenges. Practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) is utilized because it is suitable for consortium blockchain to audit publicly, store data sharing, and records the whole consensus process. It can defend against system failures with or without symptoms to reach an agreement among consensus participants. Furthermore, we use an incentive mechanism to motivate the vehicle to contribute and honestly share their data. The simulation results satisfy the proposed model’s design goals by increasing vehicular networks’ performance in general.

scholarly journals Exploiting Mobile Edge Computing for Enhancing Vehicular Applications in Smart Cities

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham El-Sayed ◽  
Moumena Chaqfeh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
Communication Frameworks

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been recently proposed to bring computing capabilities closer to mobile endpoints, with the aim of providing low latency and real-time access to network information via applications and services. Several attempts have been made to integrate MEC in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), including new architectures, communication frameworks, deployment strategies and applications. In this paper, we explore existing architecture proposals for integrating MEC in vehicular environments, which would allow the evolution of the next generation ITS in smart cities. Moreover, we classify the desired applications into four major categories. We rely on a MEC architecture with three layers to propose a data dissemination protocol, which can be utilized by traffic safety and travel convenience applications in vehicular networks. Furthermore, we provide a simulation-based prototype to evaluate the performance of our protocol. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol can significantly improve the performance of data dissemination in terms of data delivery, communication overhead and delay. In addition, we highlight challenges and open issues to integrate MEC in vehicular networking environments for further research.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

A fuzzy-based approach for resource management in SDN-VANETs: Effect of trustworthiness on assessment of available edge computing resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ermioni Qafzezi ◽  
Kevin Bylykbashi ◽  
Phudit Ampririt ◽  
Makoto Ikeda ◽  
Keita Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Processing Capability ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Available Resources

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) aim to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems by enabling communication between vehicles and roadside units, without relying on a central infrastructure. However, since there is a tremendous amount of data and significant number of resources to be dealt with, data and resource management become their major issues. Cloud, Fog and Edge computing, together with Software Defined Networking (SDN) are anticipated to provide flexibility, scalability and intelligence in VANETs while leveraging distributed processing environment. In this paper, we consider this architecture and implement and compare two Fuzzy-based Systems for Assessment of Neighboring Vehicles Processing Capability (FS-ANVPC1 and FS-ANVPC2) to determine the processing capability of neighboring vehicles in Software Defined Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (SDN-VANETs). The computational, networking and storage resources of vehicles comprise the Edge Computing resources in a layered Cloud-Fog-Edge architecture. A vehicle which needs additional resources to complete certain tasks and process various data can use the resources of the neighboring vehicles if the requirements to realize such operations are fulfilled. The proposed systems are used to assess the processing capability of each neighboring vehicle and based on the final value, it can be determined whether the edge layer can be used by the vehicles in need. FS-ANVPC1 takes into consideration the available resources of the neighboring vehicles and the predicted contact duration between them and the present vehicle, while FS-ANVPC2 includes in addition the vehicles trustworthiness value. Our systems take also into account the neighboring vehicles’ willingness to share their resources and determine the processing capability for each neighbor. We evaluate the proposed systems by computer simulations. The evaluation results show that FS-ANVPC1 decides that helpful neighboring vehicles are the ones that are predicted to be within the vehicle communication range for a while and have medium/large amount of available resources. FS-ANVPC2 considers the same neighboring vehicles as helpful neighbors only if they have at least a moderate trustworthiness value ( VT = 0.5). When VT is higher, FS-ANVPC2 takes into consideration also neighbors with less available resources.

Simplex-Based Calibration of Traffic Microsimulation Models with Intelligent Transportation Systems Data

2003 ◽  
Vol 1855 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Ok Kim ◽  
L. R. Rilett
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Simplex Algorithm ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Microsimulation Models

In recent years, microsimulation has become increasingly important in transportation system modeling. A potential issue is whether these models adequately represent reality and whether enough data exist with which to calibrate these models. There has been rapid deployment of intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies in most urban areas of North America in the last 10 years. While ITSs are developed primarily for real-time traffic operations, the data are typically archived and available for traffic microsimulation calibration. A methodology, based on the sequential simplex algorithm, that uses ITS data to calibrate microsimulation models is presented. The test bed is a 23-km section of Interstate 10 in Houston, Texas. Two microsimulation models, CORSIM and TRANSIMS, were calibrated for two different demand matrices and three periods (morning peak, evening peak, and off-peak). It was found for the morning peak that the simplex algorithm had better results then either the default values or a simple, manual calibration. As the level of congestion decreased, the effectiveness of the simplex approach also decreased, as compared with standard techniques.

scholarly journals Privacy Preserving Data Transmission in Malicious Vehicular Adhoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5757-5761
Author(s):  
Mrs.R.M.Rajeshwari Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Legitimate User ◽  
On The Road

Vehicle Adhoc Network is deployed on the road, where vehicles constitute mobile nodes in which active security and intelligent transportation are important applications of VANET. VANETs are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) framework. Sometimes, VANETs are referred as Intelligent Transportation Networks. However, authentication and privacy of users are still two vital issues in VANETs.  In the traditional mode, the transactional data storage provides no distributed and decentralized security, so that the third party initiates the dishonest behaviors possibly. VANET has  temporary participants , communication between vehicles are short-lived messages. Possible situation might happens , adversary may play as an legitimate user and able to perform malicious activity .To address these challenges this paper proposes timestamp based message between users to  perform secure data transmission and give the negligible probability of the attacker. With the help of Certificate Authority (CA) and the RoadSide Units (RSUs), our proposal attains the confidentiality and  trace the identity of the unauthenticated vehicle in the anonymous announcements as well. Finally, through the theoretical analysis and simulations, our scheme is able to implement a secure VANET framework with accountability and privacy preservation

A Comprehensive Survey of the Key Technologies and Challenges Surrounding Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Zhenchang Xia ◽  
Jia Wu ◽  
Libing Wu ◽  
Yanjiao Chen ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Graph Neural Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks ( VANETs ) and the services they support are an essential part of intelligent transportation. Through physical technologies, applications, protocols, and standards, they help to ensure traffic moves efficiently and vehicles operate safely. This article surveys the current state of play in VANETs development. The summarized and classified include the key technologies critical to the field, the resource-management and safety applications needed for smooth operations, the communications and data transmission protocols that support networking, and the theoretical and environmental constructs underpinning research and development, such as graph neural networks and the Internet of Things. Additionally, we identify and discuss several challenges facing VANETs, including poor safety, poor reliability, non-uniform standards, and low intelligence levels. Finally, we touch on hot technologies and techniques, such as reinforcement learning and 5G communications, to provide an outlook for the future of intelligent transportation systems.

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