scholarly journals On Blockchain-Enhanced Secure Data Storage and Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Kyung-Hyune Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Secure Data

The conventional architecture of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with a centralized approach has difficulty overcoming the increasing complexity of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications as well as challenges in providing large amounts of data storage, trust management, and information security. Therefore, vehicular edge computing networks (VECNets) have emerged to provide massive storage resources with powerful computing on network edges. However, a centralized server in VECNets is insufficient due to potential data leakage and security risks as it can still allow a single point of failure (SPoF). We propose consortium blockchain and smart contracts to ensure a trustworthy environment for secure data storage and sharing in the system to address these challenges. Practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) is utilized because it is suitable for consortium blockchain to audit publicly, store data sharing, and records the whole consensus process. It can defend against system failures with or without symptoms to reach an agreement among consensus participants. Furthermore, we use an incentive mechanism to motivate the vehicle to contribute and honestly share their data. The simulation results satisfy the proposed model’s design goals by increasing vehicular networks’ performance in general.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mobile Edge Computing for Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Lamb ◽  
Dharma Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cloud Resources

Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are an integral part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that facilitate communications between vehicles and the internet. More recently, VANET communications research has strayed from the antiquated DSRC standard and favored more modern cellular technologies, such as fifth generation (5G). The ability of cellular networks to serve highly mobile devices combined with the drastically increased capacity of 5G, would enable VANETs to accommodate large numbers of vehicles and support range of applications. The addition of thousands of new connected devices not only stresses the cellular networks, but also the computational and storage requirements supporting the applications and software of these devices. Autonomous vehicles, with numerous on-board sensors, are expected to generate large amounts of data that must be transmitted and processed. Realistically, on-board computing and storage resources of the vehicle cannot be expected to handle all data that will be generated over the vehicles lifetime. Cloud computing will be an essential technology in VANETs and will support the majority of computation and long-term data storage. However, the networking overhead and latency associated with remote cloud resources could prove detrimental to overall network performance. Edge computing seeks to reduce the overhead by placing computational resources nearer to the end users of the network. The geographical diversity and varied hardware configurations of resource in a edge-enabled network would require careful management to ensure efficient resource utilization. In this paper, we introduce an architecture which evaluates available resources in real-time and makes allocations to the most logical and feasible resource. We evaluate our approach mathematically with the use of a multi-criteria decision analysis algorithm and validate our results with experiments using a test-bed of cloud resources. Results demonstrate that an algorithmic ranking of physical resources matches very closely with experimental results and provides a means of delegating tasks to the best available resource.

scholarly journals A Secure Data Transmission in VANETs using HC12

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3463-3471
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Secure Data Transmission

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is an Intelligent Transportation System and a part of MANETS. VANETs communication is wireless between vehicles and different nodes along the road to increase efficiency and human safety. VANETs embedded all the features of MANETs and almost any Ad Hoc Network. We have discussed various features of VANET and different types of attacks, since the VANET communication is open in nature; they are prone to various types of attacks. Although various attractive features, VANETs also face some challenges like communication with different types of nodes and sensors and gather information or data. Our major focus is on securing this data or information sent by the sender node before transmitting on the network to another node in the network. We intend to solve this by using a wireless LoRa module and cryptography algorithm like ECDH for secure data transmission and solve the security risks and privacy problems. Our work discusses VANET communication method and structure. We provide a simple communication method using P2P topology method and ECDH cryptographic algorithm for keeping the data secure.

scholarly journals Blockchain-Based Secure Data Storage for Distributed Vehicular Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Javed ◽  
Mubariz Rehman ◽  
Nadeem Javaid ◽  
Abdulaziz Aldegheishem ◽  
Nabil Alrajeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Service Provisioning ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
File Storage ◽  
Secure Data

In this paper, a blockchain-based secure data sharing mechanism is proposed for Vehicular Networks (VNs). Edge service providers are introduced along with ordinary nodes to efficiently manage service provisioning. The edge service providers are placed in the neighborhood of the ordinary nodes to ensure smooth communication between them. The huge amount of data generated by smart vehicles is stored in a distributed file storage system, known as Interplanetary File System (IPFS). It is used to tackle the issues related to data storage in centralized architectures, such as data tampering, lack of privacy, vulnerability to hackers, etc. Monetary incentives are given to edge vehicle nodes to motivate them for accurate and timely service provisioning to ordinary nodes. In response, ordinary nodes give reviews to the edge nodes against the services provided by them, which are further stored in a blockchain to ensure integrity, security and transparency. Smart contracts are used to automate the system processes without the inclusion of an intermediate party and to check the reviews given to the edge nodes. To optimize gas consumption and to enhance the system performance, a Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism is used to validate the transactions. Moreover, a caching system is introduced at the edge nodes to store frequently used services. Furthermore, both security and privacy are enhanced in the proposed system by incorporating a symmetric key cryptographic mechanism. A trust management mechanism is also proposed in this work to calculate the nodes’ reputation values based upon their trust values. These values determine the authenticity of the nodes involved in the network. Eventually, it is concluded from the simulation results that the proposed system is efficient for VNs.

scholarly journals Blockchain-Based Authentication in Internet of Vehicles: A Survey

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7927
Author(s):  
Sohail Abbas ◽  
Manar Abu Talib ◽  
Afaf Ahmed ◽  
Faheem Khan ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Hoc Networks

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has emerged as an advancement over the traditional Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) towards achieving a more efficient intelligent transportation system that is capable of providing various intelligent services and supporting different applications for the drivers and passengers on roads. In order for the IoV and VANETs environments to be able to offer such beneficial road services, huge amounts of data are generated and exchanged among the different communicated entities in these vehicular networks wirelessly via open channels, which could attract the adversaries and threaten the network with several possible types of security attacks. In this survey, we target the authentication part of the security system while highlighting the efficiency of blockchains in the IoV and VANETs environments. First, a detailed background on IoV and blockchain is provided, followed by a wide range of security requirements, challenges, and possible attacks in vehicular networks. Then, a more focused review is provided on the recent blockchain-based authentication schemes in IoV and VANETs with a detailed comparative study in terms of techniques used, network models, evaluation tools, and attacks counteracted. Lastly, some future challenges for IoV security are discussed that are necessary to be addressed in the upcoming research.

A fuzzy-based approach for resource management in SDN-VANETs: Effect of trustworthiness on assessment of available edge computing resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ermioni Qafzezi ◽  
Kevin Bylykbashi ◽  
Phudit Ampririt ◽  
Makoto Ikeda ◽  
Keita Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Processing Capability ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Available Resources

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) aim to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems by enabling communication between vehicles and roadside units, without relying on a central infrastructure. However, since there is a tremendous amount of data and significant number of resources to be dealt with, data and resource management become their major issues. Cloud, Fog and Edge computing, together with Software Defined Networking (SDN) are anticipated to provide flexibility, scalability and intelligence in VANETs while leveraging distributed processing environment. In this paper, we consider this architecture and implement and compare two Fuzzy-based Systems for Assessment of Neighboring Vehicles Processing Capability (FS-ANVPC1 and FS-ANVPC2) to determine the processing capability of neighboring vehicles in Software Defined Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (SDN-VANETs). The computational, networking and storage resources of vehicles comprise the Edge Computing resources in a layered Cloud-Fog-Edge architecture. A vehicle which needs additional resources to complete certain tasks and process various data can use the resources of the neighboring vehicles if the requirements to realize such operations are fulfilled. The proposed systems are used to assess the processing capability of each neighboring vehicle and based on the final value, it can be determined whether the edge layer can be used by the vehicles in need. FS-ANVPC1 takes into consideration the available resources of the neighboring vehicles and the predicted contact duration between them and the present vehicle, while FS-ANVPC2 includes in addition the vehicles trustworthiness value. Our systems take also into account the neighboring vehicles’ willingness to share their resources and determine the processing capability for each neighbor. We evaluate the proposed systems by computer simulations. The evaluation results show that FS-ANVPC1 decides that helpful neighboring vehicles are the ones that are predicted to be within the vehicle communication range for a while and have medium/large amount of available resources. FS-ANVPC2 considers the same neighboring vehicles as helpful neighbors only if they have at least a moderate trustworthiness value ( VT = 0.5). When VT is higher, FS-ANVPC2 takes into consideration also neighbors with less available resources.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of ECDSA Based SE-AODV Routing Protocol In VANETS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.16) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Deepak . ◽  
Rajkumar .
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Vehicular ad hoc networks is an emerging area for researchers to provide intelligent transportation system to the society. It is due to the wide area of applications of VANETs interest is developed among the people from different countries to be a part of it. Therefore many projects had been started and also presently working to implement VANETs in real world scenario. The main challenge in its implementation is to provide a secure mechanism against the various attacks and threats that have the capability to bring the network performance significantly down. In this paper to overcome different types of authentication based attacks in VANETs an ECDSA based secure routing protocol SE-AODV is proposed with security features incorporated in already existing AODV routing protocol. The performance of SE-AODV is evaluated and compared with original AODV and AODV with black hole attack (BH-AODV). The SE-AODV shows better performance with the parameters used for comparison with the variation in vehicle density, speed of vehicles and simulation time. 

scholarly journals A Cooperative Communication Protocol for QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11p/Wave Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Woo Kim ◽  
Jae-Wan Kim ◽  
Dong-Keun Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
The Road ◽  
Free Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide information and entertainment to drivers for safe and enjoyable driving. Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is designed for VANETs to provide services efficiently. In particular, infotainment services are crucial to leverage market penetration and deployment costs of the WAVE standard. However, a low presence of infrastructure results in a shadow zone on the road and a link disconnection. The link disconnection is an obstacle to providing safety and infotainment services and becomes an obstacle to the deployment of the WAVE standard. In this paper, we propose a cooperative communication protocol to reduce performance degradation due to frequent link disconnection in the road environment. The proposed protocol provides contention-free data delivery by the coordination of roadside units (RSUs) and can provide the network QoS. The proposed protocol is shown to enhance throughput and delay through the simulation.

Vehicular Cloud Computing

2014 ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Ali Safa Sadiq ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Cloud ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles’ high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

Privacy Protection in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
pp. 295-332
Author(s):  
Gongjun Yan ◽  
Danda B. Rawat ◽  
Bhed Bahadur Bista ◽  
Wu He ◽  
Awny Alnusair
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hoc Networks

The first main contribution of this chapter is to take a non-trivial step towards providing a robust and scalable solution to privacy protection in vehicular networks. To promote scalability and robustness the authors employ two strategies. First, they view vehicular networks as consisting of non-overlapping subnetworks, each local to a geographic area referred to as a cell. Each cell has a server that maintains a list of pseudonyms that are valid for use in the cell. Each pseudonym has two components: the cell’s ID and a random number as host ID. Instead of issuing pseudonyms to vehicles proactively (as virtually all existing schemes do) the authors issue pseudonyms only to those vehicles that request them. This strategy is suggested by the fact that, in a typical scenario, only a fraction of the vehicles in an area will engage in communication with other vehicles and/or with the infrastructure and, therefore, do not need pseudonyms. The second main contribution is to model analytically the time-varying request for pseudonyms in a given cell. This is important for capacity planning purposes since it allows system managers to predict, by taking into account the time-varying attributes of the traffic, the probability that a given number of pseudonyms will be required at a certain time as well as the expected number of pseudonyms in use in a cell at a certain time. Empirical results obtained by detailed simulation confirm the accuracy of the authors’ analytical predictions.

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