scholarly journals Spoofing Attack Results Determination in Code Domain Using a Spoofing Process Equation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beomju Shin ◽  
Minhuck Park ◽  
Sanghoon Jeon ◽  
Hyoungmin So ◽  
Gapjin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Strength ◽  
Loop Filter ◽  
Filter Order ◽  
Computational Load ◽  
Delay Lock Loop ◽  
Code Domain ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Tracking Point

When a user receiver is tracking an authentic signal, a spoofing signal can be transmitted to the user antenna. The question is under what conditions does the tracking point of the receiver move from the authentic signal to the spoofing signal? In this study, we develop a spoofing process equation (SPE) that can be used to calculate the tracking point of the delay lock loop (DLL) at regular chip intervals for the entire spoofing process. The condition for a successful spoofing signal is analyzed using the SPE. To derive the SPE, parameters, such as the signal strength, sweep velocity, loop filter order, and DLL bandwidth are considered. The success or failure of a spoofing attack is determined for a specific spoofing signal using the SPE. In addition, a correlation between each parameter for a successful spoofing attack could be obtained through the SPE. The simulation results show that the SPE performance is largely consistent with that of general DLL methods, even though the computational load of SPE is very low.

An Improved Sensor Positioning for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 1322-1325
Author(s):  
Jin Tao Lin ◽  
Guang Yu Fan ◽  
Wen Hong Liu ◽  
Ying Da Hu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Sensor Positioning

Sensor positioning is a fundamental block in various location-dependent applications of wireless sensor networks. In order to improve the positioning accuracy without increasing the complex and cost of sensor nodes, an improve sensor positioning method is proposed for wireless sensor networks. In the method, after receiving the broadcasting message of the neighboring anchor nodes, the sensor nodes calculate a modifying factor of the change of the signal strength. And they modify the distances between themselves and neighboring anchor nodes with the modifying factor. Simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain a high positioning accuracy.

scholarly journals A t-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna based UHF sensor for partial discharge detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Nayli Adriana Azhar ◽  
Norazizah Mohd Aripin ◽  
Goh Chin Hock ◽  
Nayla Ferdous ◽  
Saidatul Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Simulation Results

Continuous partial discharge (PD) monitoring and early PD detection is important in making sure the necessary preventative measures can be taken accordingly. This paper proposed a T-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna that is able to detect PD signal within the UHF range. The antenna was designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The antenna was then fabricated using FR4 substrate material and tested for reception test. The simulation results and the analysis from the fabricated antenna confirmed that the proposed antenna able to detect PD signal at UHF range (specifically at about 500 MHz) and fulfilled the design requirements in terms of the return loss, VSWR, bandwidth and gain. Reception test had confirmed that the proposed antenna was able to detect PD signals that are located at maximum distance, ranges from 37 cm to 70 cm (depending on the PD signal strength). The proposed antenna also had succesfully detected PD occurances at 300 MHz to 700 MHz. In conclusion, the proposed T-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna had been successfully designed and able to detect PD signal emitted in the UHF range.

scholarly journals A 4-4.8GHz Adaptive Bandwidth, Adaptive Jitter Phase Locked Loop

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1473-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Pump Current ◽  
Phase Locked Loop ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Reference Frequency ◽  
Monitor Unit ◽  
Loop Filter ◽  
Loop Bandwidth ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Adaptive Bandwidth ◽  
Low Phase Noise

A low power, low phase noise adaptive bandwidth phase locked loop is presented in this paper. The proposed structure benefits from a novel lock status monitor unit (LSMU) that determines loop operation and loop bandwidth. The loop filter resistance and charge pump current are inversely proportional and bandwidth to reference frequency is maintained fixed. This structure is simulated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and simulation results are presented.

Research on First-Price Sealed Auction Game Handoff Strategy

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2370-2374
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Ge ◽  
Wei Wei Wang ◽  
Tao Shen Li
Keyword(s):  
Load Balance ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Decision Strategy ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Load Imbalance ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Auction Game

In wireless mesh network, handoff decision strategy chooses targets according to the detected signal strength, in which way too many mesh clients will be associated to routes with stronger signal strength, resulting in severe load imbalance and a huge waste of wireless resource. In this paper, we propose a new first-price sealed auction game handoff strategy, which takes into consideration the signal strength and network load when choosing handoff target. This strategy assures the fairness during the handoff process as well as the load balance in the wireless mesh network. The simulation results show that our proposed strategy achieves better performance in the aspects of user number and signal strength.

scholarly journals A Novel 3D Visible Light Positioning Method Using Received Signal Strength for Industrial Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Almadani ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Wout Joseph ◽  
Sander Bastiaens ◽  
Sujan Rajbhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Linear Least Squares ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) indoor visible light positioning (VLP) algorithm using the Cayley–Menger determinant (CMD) with a cost function is proposed and experimentally tested to track a drone for industrial applications. The proposed algorithm uses optical received signal strength (RSS) for estimating the drone’s 3D position without prior knowledge of its height. This reduces the need for additional height sensors used in some 3D VLP systems. The performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of positioning error is also compared with a linear least squares (LLS) trilateration algorithm, with and without tilting of the receiver and with multipath reflections. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and outperforms the LLS algorithm by a median improvement of 21% and is also more robust to the effect of tilting, as well as in the presence of multipath reflections. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has been experimentally tested and compared with the LLS algorithm in a VLP test bed measuring 4 × 4 × 4.1 m 3 . The experimental results show that the median errors for LLS are 11.4 cm, while the median errors for CMD are 10.5 cm, which results in an error decrease of 8% when CMD with a cost function is used.

Novel Code Acquisition Scheme for Weak GPS Signal

2014 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Xian Shan Li ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Frequency Deviation ◽  
Code Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Scheme ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Threshold Setting ◽  
Second Peak

In this paper, we propose a novel GPS C/A code paralleled acquisition scheme with adaptive threshold setting method. The proposed threshold setting criterion is based on the ratio between the peak and the second peak which determine the signal strength over the noise. For our scheme, the detection and false alarm probabilities are derived. When the length of the received data is 200ms, simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the acquisition sensitivity by about 2 dB in comparison with the two conventional schemes under various Doppler frequency deviation conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fractional-N-PLL Frequency Synthesizer for Power Effective Design

VLSI Design ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sahar Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Usman Ahmad ◽  
Anees ul Husnain ◽  
Qaiser Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Switching Time ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Loop Filter ◽  
Sigma Delta Modulator ◽  
Sigma Delta ◽  
Pll Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Effective Design

We are going to design and simulate low power fractional-N phase-locked loop (FNPLL) frequency synthesizer for industrial application, which is based on VLSI. The design of FNPLL has been optimized using different VLSI techniques to acquire significant performance in terms of speed with relatively less power consumption. One of the major contributions in optimization is contributed by the loop filter as it limits the switching time between cycles. Sigma-delta modulator attenuates the noise generated by the loop filter. This paper presents the implementation details and simulation results of all the blocks of optimized design.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of UE-controlled intelligent handover algorithm for natural disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Azita Laily Yusof ◽  
Ainnur Eiza Azhar ◽  
Norsuzila Ya’acob
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Handover Algorithm

<span>This paper proposes a UE-controlled intelligent handover algorithm for natural disaster. In this handover algorithm, two variables known as modified Received Signal Strength (RSSm) and Left over Power (LoP) are identified. The RSSm is an improved formulation from RSS where distance fraction coefficient has been introduced. The fraction coefficient of 0.2 is used where the affected areas is reduced so that the users can receive good signal quality due to its location near to the base station. Meanwhile, the LoP also has been investigated to control power consumption of base station. In this research, 80% RSSm and 20% LoP has been chosen for the proposed handover algorithm as it can maintain good quality of service (QoS) for all users and also can prolong battery life.  From the simulation results obtained, the average number of handovers for the proposed handover algorithm outperformed the conventional natural disaster handover algorithm.</span>

Adaptive Bandwidth PLL Design Based on Fuzzy Logic Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 1393-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Ying Zhang ◽  
Hai Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Loop Filter ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Loop Bandwidth ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Adaptive Bandwidth ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Poor Stability

Based on fuzzy logic control adaptive bandwidth PLL design is presented for the problem of tracking poor stability and low accuracy when a certain type of radar tracking dynamic spacecraft. This method is mainly through fuzzy logic controller, adaptive level is determined by control rule of input respectively, and the outputs of rules are weighted combined to control the coefficient of loop filter, thus adjusting automatically the loop bandwidth, and enhancing the tracking stability of radar equipment and improving ranging accuracy. The simulation results show that the fuzzy logic control adaptive bandwidth PLL has higher tracking stability and accuracy.

scholarly journals Application Map in the Noise Suppression Filter for Video Compression

2020 ◽  
pp. short76-1-short76-13
Author(s):  
Roman Chernyak ◽  
Roman Meshcheryakov
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Loop Filter ◽  
Average Complexity ◽  
Low Delay ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Reference Implementation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Performance Results

This paper considers an application map method usage together with the Nose Suppression Filter (NSF) in-loop filter for video compression. The application map method is described in details and simulations results of basic NSF are provided as well as simulation results of NSF powered with the application map method. It is demonstrated that the application map method allows to significantly improve objective performance results of basic NSF and additionally decrease decoder average complexity. As a result, an average bd-rate saving of NSF with the application map reaches 2.6% for luma component in Low Delay P coding configuration in comparing to Versatile Video Coding reference implementation (VTM) version 1.0.

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