scholarly journals Fiber Bragg Gratings Sensors for Aircraft Wing Shape Measurement: Recent Applications and Technical Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ma ◽  
Xiyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Shape Measurement ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Aerodynamic Loading ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Bonding Technology

The safety monitoring and tracking of aircraft is becoming more and more important. Under aerodynamic loading, the aircraft wing will produce large bending and torsional deformation, which seriously affects the safety of aircraft. The variation of load on the aircraft wing directly affects the ground observation performance of the aircraft baseline. To compensate for baseline deformations caused by wing deformations, it is necessary to accurately obtain the deformation of the wing shape. The traditional aircraft wing shape measurement methods cannot meet the requirements of small size, light weight, low cost, anti-electromagnetic interference, and adapting to complex environment at the same time, the fiber optic sensing technology for aircraft wing shape measurement has been gradually proved to be a real time and online dynamic measurement method with many excellent characteristics. The principle technical characteristics and bonding technology of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) are reviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of other measurement methods are compared and analyzed and the application status of FBG sensing technology for aircraft wing shape measurement is emphatically analyzed. Finally, comprehensive suggestions for improving the accuracy of aircraft wing shape measurement based on FBG sensing technology is put forward.

scholarly journals The Methods and Experiments of Shape Measurement for Off-Axis Conic Aspheric Surface

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2101
Author(s):  
Shijie Li ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
Haifeng Liang ◽  
Yi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Shape Measurement ◽  
Aspheric Surface ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Optical Processing ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Auxiliary Component ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The off-axis conic aspheric surface is widely used as a component in modern optical systems. It is critical for this kind of surface to obtain the real accuracy of the shape during optical processing. As is widely known, the null test is an effective method to measure the shape accuracy with high precision. Therefore, three shape measurement methods of null test including auto-collimation, single computer-generated hologram (CGH), and hybrid compensation are presented in detail in this research. Although the various methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, all methods need a special auxiliary component to accomplish the measurement. In the paper, an off-axis paraboloid (OAP) was chosen to be measured using the three methods along with auxiliary components of their own and it was shown that the experimental results involved in peak-to-valley (PV), root-mean-square (RMS), and shape distribution from three methods were consistent. As a result, the correctness and effectiveness of these three measurement methods were confirmed, which are very useful in engineering.

scholarly journals Application of Traditional Graphic Elements Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Tactile Sensor Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Tactile Sensing ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Sensing Technology

In today’s era, sensing technology has been very developed in the fields of machinery, medicine, safety monitoring, and so on. In order to be applicable to more fields, new sensing technologies are also evolving. Tactile and sensory states are two important indicators of human induction to external things. Based on the contact force information between fiber Bragg grating tactile sensor and human body, this paper uses a new fiber Bragg grating tactile sensing system to study the artistic elements of ink painting in modern graphic design. Subsequently, the structure and specific performances of the sensor experimental data are analyzed. With its small volume, low cost, high sensitivity, and good compatibility with the observed body, the new fiber Bragg grating tactile sensor will not be affected by external electromagnetic interference, various noise signals, complex integration, and other problems. According to the data observed by ink painters in this paper, the new tactile sensing technology of fiber Bragg grating can well control the external interference factors. In general, the technology is of great social and practical value.

scholarly journals Biomechanics of insect cuticle: an interdisciplinary experimental challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Stamm ◽  
Brian Daniel Saltin ◽  
Jan-Henning Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Examination Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Experimental Challenge

AbstractThe cuticle exoskeleton plays a key role in facilitating the evolutionary success of insects. Since the mid of the last century, many different biomechanical properties of exoskeletons have been investigated, always utilizing the most sophisticated scientific methods available at the time. So far, information on the biomechanical properties of cuticle seems to be as diverse as the methods used to measure them. As a consequence, insect cuticle is often considered to exhibit the most complex and diverse biomechanical properties of any biological material. However, it remains unclear which role the respective measurement methods and sample treatments used in previous studies play in supporting this claim. This review provides a broad overview of examination techniques used to study biomechanical properties of insect exoskeletons and discusses their respective advantages and disadvantages in describing the properties of a complex material such as cuticle. Our meta-analysis of the present data confirms significant effects of the respective measurement methods, sample treatments and body parts on the obtained mechanical properties. Based on our findings, we highlight research gaps and point out important factors which should be taken into account in future studies on insect cuticle.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Recycled Aggregate by Microbial-Induced Mineralization and Deposition of Calcium Carbonate—Influencing Factors, Mechanism and Effect of Reinforcement

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Chunhua Feng ◽  
Buwen Cui ◽  
Haidong Ge ◽  
Yihong Huang ◽  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Recycled aggregate is aggregate prepared from construction waste. With the development of a global economy and people’s attention to sustainable development, recycled aggregate has shown advantages in replacing natural aggregate in the production of concrete due to its environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and low cost. Recycled aggregate exhibits high water absorption and a multi-interface transition zone, which limits its application scope. Researchers have used various methods to improve the properties of recycled aggregate, such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology. In this paper, the results of recent studies on the reinforcement of recycled aggregate by MICP technology are synthesized, and the factors affecting the strengthening effect of recycled aggregate are reviewed. Moreover, the strengthening mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of MICP technology are summarized. After the modified treatment, the aggregate performance is significantly improved. Regardless of whether the aggregate was used in mortar or concrete, the mechanical properties of the specimens were clearly improved. However, there are some issues regarding the application of MICP technology, such as the use of an expensive culture medium, a long modification cycle, and untargeted mineralization deposition. These difficulties need to be overcome in the future for the industrialization of regenerated aggregate materials via MICP technology.

Smart‐Cut® : The Basic Fabrication Process for Unibond® Soi Wafers

1996 ◽  
Vol 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Auberton‐Hervé ◽  
T. Barge ◽  
F. Metral ◽  
M. Bruel ◽  
B. Aspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wafer Bonding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Thin Film Thickness ◽  
Hydrogen Implantation ◽  
Electric Behavior ◽  
Bonding Technology ◽  
Good Uniformity ◽  
Quality Surface

AbstractThe advantage of SOI wafers for device manufacture has been widely studied. To be a real challenger to bulk silicon, SOI producers have to offer SOI wafers in large volume and at low cost. The new Smart‐Cut® SOI process used for the manufacture of the Unibond® SOI wafers answers most of the SOI wafer manufacturability issues. The use of Hydrogen implantation and wafer bonding technology is the best combination to get good uniformity and high quality for both the SOI and buried oxide layer. In this paper, the Smart‐Cut® process is described in detail and material characteristics of Unibond® wafers such as crystalline quality, surface roughness, thin film thickness homogeneity, and electric behavior.

Low-cost Indirect Measurement Methods for Self-x Integrated Sensory Electronics for Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (s1) ◽  
pp. s79-s84
Author(s):  
Qummar Zaman ◽  
Senan Alraho ◽  
Andreas König
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Indirect Measurements

AbstractThe conventional method for testing the performance of reconfigurable sensory electronics of industry 4.0 relies on the direct measurement methods. This approach gives higher accuracy but at the price of extremely high testing cost and does not utilize the new degrees of freedom for measurement methods enabled by industry 4.0. In order to reduce the test cost and use available resources more efficiently, a primary approach, called indirect measurements or alternative testing has been proposed using a non-intrusive sensor. Its basic principle consists in using the indirect measurements, in order to estimate the sensory electronics performance parameters without measuring directly. The non-intrusive property of the proposed method offers better performance of the sensing electronics and virtually applicable to any sensing electronics. Efficiency is evaluated in terms of model accuracy by using six different classical metrics. It uses an indirect current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (InAmp) as a test vehicle to evaluate the performance parameters of the circuit. The device is implemented using CMOS 0.35 μm technology. The achieved maximum value of average expected error metrics is 0.24, and the lowest value of correlation performance metrics is 0.91, which represent an excellent efficiency of InAmp performance predictor.

Bifunctional Flexible Fabrics with Excellent Joule Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance Based on Copper Sulfide/Glass Fiber Composite

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binguo Liu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yuanhui Huang ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Sulfide Glass

Flexible and wearable electronic technology is in great demand with the rising of smart electronic systems. Among this, exploring multifunctional with high performance at low cost has attracted extensive attention...

Overview on the Liquid Metal Battery for Grid-Level Large-Scale Energy Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 572-578
Author(s):  
Li Fu ◽  
Qi Chi Le ◽  
Xi Bo Wang ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Wei Tao Jia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Liquid Metal Battery ◽  
Grid Level

In recent years, the development and utilization of renewable generation have attracted more and more attention, and the grid puts forward higher requirements to the energy storage technology, especially for security, stability and reliability. The liquid metal battery (LMB) consists of two liquid metal electrodes and a molten salt electrolyte, which will be segregated into three liquid layers naturally. Being low-cost and long-life, it is regarded as the best choice for grid-level large-scale energy storage. This paper describes the main structure and working principle of the LMB, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the LMB when compared with the traditional batteries, and explores the feasibility and economy when it is used as a kind of large-scale energy storage applied in the power grid. The paper also makes a comprehensive comparison on the performance of several LMBs, and points out the LMB’s research and development in the future.

scholarly journals Development of a low-cost X-band meteorological radar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hrach
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Radar Network ◽  
X Band ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Slotted Waveguide ◽  
Small Team

<p>We have undertaken a journey to develop a small X-band radar based on widely available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. We have evaluated various radar transmitters, antenna and radome designs and sizes and we are currently operating the second-largest radar network in Europe, spanning 5 countries and consisting of 30 radars.</p><p>The final solution can be deployed by a small team in two days and operated without supervision with negligible maintenance and recurring costs. With approximately 120 kilometers of effective range and high refresh rate, it might be a good fit as an early warning radar, for areas with no current radar coverage or to fill gaps in larger networks; however, due to some limitations of the X band, namely higher attenuation in spatially distributed rain, it may not be a replacement of long-range observation radars.</p><p>In this work, we present an overview of our undertakings, technical solutions we have chosen and problems we have encountered. First, we cover transmitter technology selection, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of currently available magnetron and solid-state transmitters. Then we show the evolution of our antenna design, from 1-dimensional slotted waveguide to parabolic antennas with tapered beam. </p><p>With large parabolic antennas, another problem arises: the mechanics of the radar cannot cope with the additional weight and angular momentum, thus we had to develop various mechanical supports and a custom rotator. This rotator can also tilt the antenna, effectively adding volumetric scanning; the tilting is also needed to cope with non-ideal radar locations, where the horizon is partially obscured, which are unfortunately common for a radar network with limited budget. Finally, we discuss design and material selection of our custom radomes, and present an overall experience with everyday running and maintaining the network.</p>

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