scholarly journals Bowel Sounds Identification and Migrating Motor Complex Detection with Low-Cost Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensing Device

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhao Du ◽  
Gary Allwood ◽  
Katherine Webberley ◽  
Adam Osseiran ◽  
Barry Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Bowel Sounds ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Single Burst ◽  
Categorization System ◽  
And Function

Interpretation of bowel sounds (BS) provides a convenient and non-invasive technique to aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. However, the approach’s potential is limited by variation between BS and their irregular occurrence. A short, manual auscultation is sufficient to aid in diagnosis of only a few conditions. A longer recording has the potential to unlock additional understanding of GI physiology and clinical utility. In this paper, a low-cost and straightforward piezoelectric acoustic sensing device was designed and used for long BS recordings. The migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle was detected using this device and the sound index as the biomarker for MMC phases. This cycle of recurring motility is typically measured using expensive and invasive equipment. We also used our recordings to develop an improved categorization system for BS. Five different types of BS were extracted: the single burst, multiple bursts, continuous random sound, harmonic sound, and their combination. Their acoustic characteristics and distribution are described. The quantities of different BS during two-hour recordings varied considerably from person to person, while the proportions of different types were consistent. The sensing devices provide a useful tool for MMC detection and study of GI physiology and function.

Green Street: Landscape Design Approach to Street Stormwater Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1601-1605
Author(s):  
Shan Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stormwater Management Practices ◽  
And Function ◽  
Important Significance

Stormwater is a resource, but the traditional stormwater management practices treat it as a waste and cause many problems. Green Street is a new method to manage the street stormwater runoff through the landscape architecture application. By analyzing the origin, definition and function of the Green Street, it can draw a conclusion that the Green Street originates from America, it is a street that uses natural process to manage stormwater runoff at the source, and it can improve street water environment, create attractive streetscape, enhance neighborhood livability, etc. Also, the Green Street has five different types, including stormwater curb extension, stormwater planter, stormwater swale, pervious paving and infiltration garden. Finally, through analyzing two examples of Green Street application in Portland, Oregon, it proved that Green Street is a high effective and low-cost method to manage the street stormwater runoff. In brief, Green Street will have increasingly important significance for the street stormwater management when it is used widespread gradually.

Glycans in scaffold design in tissue reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152199784
Author(s):  
Nipun Jain ◽  
Shashi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Cell Carrier ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
A Cell

Development of an artificial tissue by tissue engineering is witnessed to be one of the long lasting clarified solutions for the damaged tissue function restoration. To accomplish this, a scaffold is designed as a cell carrier in which the extracellular matrix (ECM) performs a prominent task of controlling the inoculated cell’s destiny. ECM composition, topography and mechanical properties lead to different types of interactions between cells and ECM components that trigger an assortment of cellular reactions via diverse sensing mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways. The polysaccharides in the form of proteoglycans and glycoproteins yield better outcomes when included in the designed matrices. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains present on proteoglycans show a wide range of operations such as sequestering of critical effector morphogens which encourage proficient nutrient contribution toward the growing stem cells for their development and endurance. In this review we discuss how the glycosylation aspects are of considerable importance in everyday housekeeping functions of a cell especially when placed in a controlled environment under ideal growth conditions. Hydrogels made from these GAG chains have been used extensively as a resorbable material that mimics the natural ECM functions for an efficient control over cell attachment, permeability, viability, proliferation, and differentiation processes. Also the incorporation of non-mammalian polysaccharides can elicit specific receptor responses which authorize the creation of numerous vigorous frameworks while prolonging the low cost and immunogenicity of the substance.

scholarly journals Fabrication and function of polymer membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Abetz ◽  
Torsten Brinkmann ◽  
Mustafa Sözbilir
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Function ◽  
Membrane Science

Abstract The paper gives an introduction to membrane science and technology, an area of research of high significance for the development of a sustainable life for human beings. It is therefore intended to be a guide for teachers in the areas of chemistry, physics, or biology, who can incorporate the presented materials in their respective courses. The paper gives some insights into the different types of membranes, their functions, production and use in some selected areas.

scholarly journals Design of Mechanism and Preliminary Field Validation of Low-Cost Transfemoral Rotator for Use in the Developing World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Cavuto ◽  
Matthew Chun ◽  
Nora Kelsall ◽  
Karl Baranov ◽  
Keriann Durgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
And Function

Transfemoral (above-knee) amputees face a unique and challenging set of restrictions to movement and function. Most notably, they are unable to medially rotate their lower-leg and subsequently cross their legs. The best and most common solution to this issue today is a transfemoral rotator, which allows medial rotation of the leg distal to the knee through a lockable turntable mechanism. However, currently available transfemoral rotators can cost thousands of dollars, and few equivalent technologies exist in the developing world. This paper, supported by the results of field studies and user testing, establishes a framework for the design of a low-cost and easily manufacturable transfemoral rotator for use in the developing world. Two prototypes are presented, each with a unique internal locking mechanism and form. A preliminary field study was conducted on six transfemoral amputees in India and qualitative user and prosthetist feedback was collected. Both prototypes successfully allowed all subjects to complete tasks such as crossing legs, putting on pants, and tying shoes while maintaining functionality of walking and standing. Future iterations of the mechanism will be guided by a combination of the most positively received features of the prototypes and general feedback suggestions from the users.

Influence fast or later: two types of influencers in social networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Shuqi Xu ◽  
Linyuan Lü
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Spreading Process ◽  
Spreading Effect ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Small Set ◽  
And Function

Abstract In real-world networks, there usually exist a small set of nodes that play an important role in the structure and function of networks. Those vital nodes can influence most other nodes in the network via a spreading process. While most of the existing works focused on vital nodes that can maximize the spreading size in the final stage, which we call final influencers, recent work proposed the idea of fast influencers, which emphasizes nodes’ spreading capacity at the early stage. Despite the recent surge of efforts in identifying these two types of influencers in networks, there remained limited research on untangling the differences between fast influencers and final influencers. In this paper, we first distinguish the two types of influencers: fast-only influencers and final-only influencers. The former is defined as individuals who can achieve a high spreading effect at the early stage but lose their superiority in the final stage, and the latter are those individuals that fail to exhibit a prominent spreading performance at the early stage but influence a large fraction of nodes at the final stage. Further experiments based on eight empirical datasets, we reveal the key differences between the two types of influencers concerning their spreading capacity and the local structures. We also analyze how network degree assortativity influences the fraction of the proposed two types of influencers. The results demonstrate that with the increase of degree assortativity, the fraction of the fast-only influencers decreases, which indicates that more fast influencers tend to keep their superiority at the final stage. Our study provides insights into the differences and evolution of different types of influencers and has important implications for various empirical applications, such as advertisement marketing, and epidemic suppressing.

Effect of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on antral, pyloric and duodenal motility in fasting subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fraser ◽  
J. Fuller ◽  
M. Horowitz ◽  
J. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Pyloric Motility

1. Hyperglycaemia alters gastric motility and delays gastric emptying. By contrast, there is little information regarding the effect of sub-normal blood glucose concentrations on gastric and, in particular, pyloric motility, although limited data suggest that hypoglycaemia is associated with accelerated gastric emptying despite an apparently increased basal pyloric pressure. 2. To determine the effects of hypoglycaemia on pyloric motility, we compared the effects of an intravenous injection of insulin (0.15 units/kg) with those of a placebo injection of saline in eight healthy human volunteers during phase I of the interdigestive migrating motor complex. 3. All subjects developed profound hypoglycaemia (mean blood glucose concentration 1.6 mmol/l compared with 4.0 mmol/l in the control group). 4. There was no significant difference in the number of antral (9 versus 7, P = 0.34), pyloric (3 versus 0, P = 0.31) or duodenal (21 versus 13, P = 0.42) pressure waves or in the basal pyloric pressure (0.3 mmHg versus 0.1 mmHg, P = 0.37) in the 45 min after insulin injection (hypoglycaemia) when compared with the 45 min after saline injection (euglycaemia). In both the euglycaemic and hypoglycaemic studies there was a time-dependent increase in the numbers of antral and duodenal waves consistent with the expected changes in the interdigestive migrating motor complex. 5. These results indicate that insulin-induced hypoglycaemia has no significant effect on pyloric motility during phase I of the interdigestive migrating motor complex.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation on Auto Test Set of an Airborne Radar

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Fu Lu Jin ◽  
Yun Peng Li ◽  
Hong Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Airborne Radar ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Process

To automatic test the function and performance of an airborne radar, changeable test adapter is adopted to implement the hardware and software design of the automatic test set of the antenna, transceiver and indicator of the radar based on AT89C52. Problems such as t the different types of interfaces, the various kinds of signals and the test of microwave signal are solved successfully and the objectives of resource sharing and automatic test are realized. The test software is designed by modular structure, and with the help of automatic test set hardware, the required test items of the radar system are experimented and the test process control succeeded. Experiment results show that the automatic test set performs steadily and the results meet the requirements of the airborne radar. The set has the advantages of intelligent, manageable and reducing artificial errors. It provides effective guarantees for radars maintenance, fault diagnosis and fault detection, and has a wide application prospect with low cost.

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