scholarly journals Exploring the Consequences of Crowd Compression Through Physics-Based Simulation

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4149
Author(s):  
Libo Sun ◽  
Norman Badler
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Physics Based Simulation ◽  
And Behavior

Statistical analysis of accidents in recent years shows that crowd crushes have become significant non-combat, non-environmental public disasters. Unlike common accidents such as fires, crowd crushes may occur without obvious external causes, and may arise quickly and unexpectedly in otherwise normal surroundings. We use physics-based simulations to understand the processes and consequences of compressive forces on high density static crowds consisting of up to 400 agents in a restricted space characterized by barriers to free movement. According to empirical observation and experimentation by others, we know that local high packing density is an important factor leading to crowd crushes and consequent injuries. We computationally verify our hypothesis that compressive forces create high local crowd densities which exceed human tolerance. Affected agents may thus be unable to move or escape and will present additional movement obstacles to others. Any high density crowd simulation should therefore take into account these possible negative effects on crowd mobility and behavior. Such physics-based simulations may therefore assist in the design of crowded spaces that could reduce the possibility of crushes and their consequences.

If I Had Something to Add, I Would

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Lindquist ◽  
Emily E. Adams ◽  
Joseph A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Job Attitudes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meeting Effectiveness ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Abstract. Most employees participate in workplace meetings, and their experiences in meetings can vary greatly, which can lead to positive or negative effects on both job attitudes and behavior. In this study, we examined the effect that a meeting attendee’s competence in the meeting topic had on their participation in the meeting and their perception of meeting effectiveness. Results indicated those with higher levels of competence in the meeting topic were more likely to participate and through participation found their meeting more effective; this relationship was stronger when employee dissent in the meetings was high. Leaders should ensure that those who are present in a meeting are competent in the topic of the meeting and encourage them to participate.

The influence of media on upbringing and behavior of children

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Dr. Entisar Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Harmful Effects

Media refers to the channels of communication through which we distribute news, education, movies, music, advertising messages and other information. It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, telephone, the Internet, fax and billboards, are a dominant force in lives of children. Although television is remaining the predominant medium for children and adolescents, the new technologies are become more popular. We have to concern about the potential harmful effects of media "messages and images"; however, the positive and negative effects of media should be recognized. Parents have to establish the plan for all media in family home. Media that are influences on children should be recognized by "schools, policymakers, product advertisers, and entertainment producers".

Model IMB(Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills) Sebagai Prevensi Primer Seks Pranikah Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Hendri Fitrian ◽  
Linda Suwarni ◽  
Andri Dwi Hernawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
Imb Model ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Perilaku seksual remaja di Indonesia saat ini sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan, termasuk di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya Kota Pontianak. Faktor yang melatar belakangi perilaku seks pranikah remaja, baik faktor internal maupun eksternal. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan perilaku seks pranikah, antara lain pengetahuan, efikasi diri, pengaruh teman sebaya, peran orangtua. Salah satu model yang dapat diterapkan sebagai prevensi primer seks pranikah remaja adalah <em>information, motivation, and behavior skill </em>(IMB). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan model IMB sebagai prevensi primer perilaku seks pranikah remaja, melalui peningkatan informasi, motivasi, dan skill dalam menolak ajakan seks pranikah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperimen) jenis one group pretest-posttest design. Jumlah sampel yaitu 31 reponden. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah <em>Total Sampling</em>. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji wilxocon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan informasi, motivasi dan keterampilan seta niat terhadap hasil analisis statistik terhadap informasi, motivasi dan keterampilan yang diperoleh nilai 0,000 &lt;0,05. Sedangkan untuk hasil analisis statistic niat diperoleh nilai p = 0,006 &lt;0,05. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara informasi, motivasi, keterampilan serta niat siswa dengan menerapkan model IMB di MTS Aswaja Pontianak Barat. Dengan demikian model IMB efektif sebagai pencegahan primer untuk mencegah perilaku seks pranikah pada remaja.</p><p> </p><p><em>Teenage sexual behavior in Indonesia is currently very worrying, including in West Kalimantan, especially Pontianak City. Factors underlying the premarital sexual behavior of adolescents, both internal and external factors. Some studies show that the determinants of premarital sex behavior include knowledge, self-efficacy, peer influence, parental role. One model that can be applied as the primary prevention of premarital sex for adolescents is information, motivation, and behavior skills (IMB). The purpose of this study was to apply the IMB model as a primary prevention of adolescent premarital sexual behavior, through increasing information, motivation and skills in rejecting premarital sex requests. This study uses a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental methods of one group pretest-posttest design. The number of samples is 31 respondents. The sampling technique is total sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and analyzed by the Wilxocon test. The results of the study for 3 interventions with 60 minutes showed that there was an increase in information, motivation and skills and intentions. the results of statistical analysis of information, motivation and skills obtained value of 0,000 &lt;0.05. As for the results of statistical analysis of intentions the value of p = 0.006 &lt;0.05 is obtained. There is a meaningful relationship between information, motivation, skills and student intentions by applying the IMB model in MTS Aswaja, West Pontianak. Thus the IMB model is effective as a primary prevention to prevent premarital sexual behavior in adolescents</em></p>

Influence of Polypropylene Fiber in Strength of Foamed Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Hadipramana ◽  
Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad ◽  
Zi Jun Zhao ◽  
Noridah Mohammad ◽  
W. Wirdawati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
High Density ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Strength Result ◽  
And Behavior

Foamed concrete is material that can be used in wide range of constructions and produced in high density. This investigation examined effect of chopped Polypropylene Fiber (PF) that mixed into admixture concerning strength of foamed concrete high density. Mechanical test were performed to measure effect of PF on improving compressive and splitting tensile strength. Result indicate that PF significantly improving compressive strength and behavior of PF where drawn into foamed concrete similarly with normal concrete. The fibrillated PF has been occurred and reduced the micro crack of matrix and prevented propagation crack growth. The presence of PF improved splitting tensile strength was not significantly. Influence of porous of foamed concrete is considered. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) exhibits condition microstructure of foamed concrete reinforced PF that alter microstructure, especially interfacial bonding due to PF presence.

The Margin of Appreciation

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Jan Zglinski
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation

This chapter examines the application of the margin of appreciation in free movement cases. It identifies the doctrine’s legal scope and investigates the scenarios in which the European Court of Justice defers to national authorities. A statistical analysis suggests that there is a significant gap between theory and practice, with only a small number of factors influencing the way in which the margin of appreciation is used. The results show how much regulatory autonomy Member States retain in free movement law. They also expose which concerns the Court prioritizes in its jurisprudence and which decisions it feels safe, or forced, to delegate to domestic institutions.

scholarly journals Acute social isolation alters neurogenomic state in songbird forebrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23311-23316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. George ◽  
Zachary W. Bell ◽  
Daniel Condliffe ◽  
Kirstin Dohrer ◽  
Teresa Abaurrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Axonal Guidance ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Auditory Forebrain ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Prolonged social isolation has negative effects on brain and behavior in humans and other social organisms, but neural mechanisms leading to these effects are not understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that even brief periods of social isolation can alter gene expression and DNA methylation in higher cognitive centers of the brain, focusing on the auditory/associative forebrain of the highly social zebra finch. Using RNA sequencing, we first identified genes that individually increase or decrease expression after isolation and observed general repression of gene sets annotated for neurotrophin pathways and axonal guidance functions. We then pursued 4 genes of large effect size: EGR1 and BDNF (decreased by isolation) and FKBP5 and UTS2B (increased). By in situ hybridization, each gene responded in different cell subsets, arguing against a single cellular mechanism. To test whether effects were specific to the social component of the isolation experience, we compared gene expression in birds isolated either alone or with a single familiar partner. Partner inclusion ameliorated the effect of solo isolation on EGR1 and BDNF, but not on FKBP5 and UTS2B nor on circulating corticosterone. By bisulfite sequencing analysis of auditory forebrain DNA, isolation caused changes in methylation of a subset of differentially expressed genes, including BDNF. Thus, social isolation has rapid consequences on gene activity in a higher integrative center of the brain, triggering epigenetic mechanisms that may influence processing of ongoing experience.

scholarly journals Biomechanically-Informed Training: The Four Pillars for Knee and ACL Injury Prevention Built Upon Behavior Change and Motivation Principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4470
Author(s):  
Cyril J. Donnelly ◽  
Ben S. Jackson ◽  
Daniel F. Gucciardi ◽  
Jeff Reinbolt
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Physics Based Simulation ◽  
And Behavior

Injury prevention frameworks are critical for preventing musculoskeletal injury and improving rehabilitation outcomes. However, their relative successes in translation arguably rely on two interlinked components: (1) the quality of the empirical evidence used to develop the intervention (content), and (2) the effective application of behavior change and motivation principles to optimise participant adherence and engagement (delivery). The purpose of this commentary is to develop an injury prevention and rehabilitation framework using the best available physics-based simulation, biomechanics, and behavior change research. The intervention as a whole is entitled biomechanically-informed training (BIT). While investigators have previously examined the relative merits of different training genres (e.g., plyometric, balance, resistance), what makes BIT novel is that it explicitly targets the biomechanical mechanisms that mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk (i.e., force) in ways that are underpinned by established behavior change principles. The four pillars of BIT refer to focused exercise use, irrespective of the training genre, to improve an individual’s: (1) knee flexion dynamics, (2) dynamic trunk control, (3) gastrocnemius muscle strength, and (4) hip muscular strength. We also present experimental data from two independent training studies verifying the efficacy of BIT for the prevention of knee and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Helping That Hurts Intended Beneficiaries: A New Perspective on the Dark Side of Helping Organizational Citizenship Behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lennard ◽  
Linn Van Dyne
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Behavior

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is essential for organizations to gain and maintain competitive advantage in environments with constantly evolving demands. Although most of the literature implicitly assumes that OCB predicts positive work attitudes, affective states, cognitions, and behavior for employees and organizations, some work raises the question of when OCB fails to produce positive consequences, and scholars have called for a more balanced perspective that acknowledges possible negative consequences of OCB. In this chapter, we focus on the unintended negative outcomes of helping OCB to recipients. More specifically, we consider factors that paradoxically cause positively intended helping to backfire and have negative effects on recipients. To date, most research on outcomes of OCB has focused on performance outcomes. In contrast, we focus on nonperformance outcomes for recipients of helping because nonperformance outcomes are more proximal and can shed light on processes that influence more distal outcomes, such as performance.

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