scholarly journals A Location-Aware Waypoint-Based Routing Protocol for Airborne DTNs in Search and Rescue Scenarios

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armir Bujari ◽  
Carlos Calafate ◽  
Juan-Carlos Cano ◽  
Pietro Manzoni ◽  
Claudio Palazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Airborne Networks ◽  
Delay Tolerant

In this paper, we propose GeoSaW, a delay-tolerant routing protocol for Airborne Networks in Search and Rescue scenarios. The protocol exploits the geographical information of UAVs to make appropriate message forwarding decisions. More precisely, the information about the future UAV’s motion path is exploited to select the best UAV carrying the message towards the destination. Simulation results show that the proposed solution outperforms the classic DTN routing protocols in terms of several performance metrics.

scholarly journals Distribution of Data Dissemination Model using DTN Routing Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3014-3019
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
The Impact

In this research paper compare the protocol’s performance together with the experimental results of optimal routing using real-life scenarios of vehicles and pedestrians roaming in a city. In this research paper, conduct several simulation comparison experiments(in the NS2 Software) to show the impact of changing buffer capacity, packet lifetime, packet generation rate, and number of nodes on the performance metrics. This research paper is concluded by providing guidelines to develop an efficient DTN routing protocol. To the best of researcher(Parameswari et al.,) knowledge, this work is the first to provide a detailed performance comparison among the diverse collection of DTN routing protocols.

scholarly journals On the Performance of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sharif Hossen ◽  
Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Delay Tolerant Networks ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Spray And Wait ◽  
Intermittently Connected

Delay-Tolerant Networks are used to enable communication in challenging environments where nodes are intermittently connected, and an end-to-end path does not exist all the time between source and destination, e.g., Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs). Therefore, network environments, where the nodes are characterized by opportunistic connectivity, are appropriately modeled as Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs). In this paper, we have investigated the performance of DTN routing protocols, namely Epidemic, PRoPHET, and Spray-and-Wait (Binary version) in an ICMN scenario. Their performances are analyzed in terms of delivery probability, average latency, and overhead ratio of varying message generation rates and number of mobile nodes, respectively. In addition, the impacts of varying buffer size and Time-to-Live (TTL) on their performances are investigated. For evaluating these performance metrics, we have used Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator as the simulation tool. The outcome of this work shows that for the ICMN scenario, the best DTN routing technique is Binary Spray-and-Wait, whereas Epidemic routing exhibits the worst performance in terms of all the metrics considered here.

scholarly journals An Efficient Routing Protocol with Overload Control for Group Mobility in Delay-Tolerant Networking

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Min Wook Kang ◽  
Yun Won Chung
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Overload Control ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Delay Tolerant Networking ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
Military Networks ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Stable Routing

In delay-tolerant networking (DTN), messages are delivered to destination nodes by using opportunistic contacts between contact nodes, even if stable routing paths from source nodes to destination nodes do not exist. In some DTN network environments, such as military networks, nodes movement follows a group movement model, and an efficient DTN routing protocol is required to use the characteristics of group mobility. In this paper, we consider a network environment, where both intra- and intergroup routing are carried out by using DTN protocols. Then, we propose an efficient routing protocol with overload control for group mobility, where delivery predictability for group mobility is defined and proactive overload control is applied. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed protocol had better delivery ratios and overhead ratios than compared protocols, although the delivery latency was increased.

A Real-Life Mobility Patterns Based Routing Protocol in Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 1411-1415
Author(s):  
Xiao Min Wang ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Ling Fei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Sensor ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobile Sensor Network ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Transmission Overhead

Most existing routing protocols for delay tolerant mobile sensor network(DTMSN) based on simplistic random mobility models. However, the real-life mobility pattern is complicated. We propose a real-life mobility patterns based routing protocol in DTMSN, The simulation results show that RMPR achieves higher delivery ratio and lower delay and transmission overhead

scholarly journals Beacon-Based Non-Delay Tolerant Routing Protocols for VANET: A Systematic Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali Al Shugran
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Topology Change ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Delay Tolerant

A Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a sort of wireless ad hoc network which are used to provide communications between nodes. The frequent topology change is considered a unique feature of VANET nature due to the high movement of its participating vehicles. Thus, the design of a routing protocol that could cope with VANET characteristics is very challenging. Position-based routing protocols are the most suitable approaches for VANET. In this paper researcher broadly discussed Beacon-based Non-Delay Tolerant Geographical-based routing protocols for VANET. The main concern is to discuss the characteristics disadvantages of those protocols. Finally, several research directions relevant to the focus of this survey are identified that define preferred features of the appropriate routing protocol that can cope with VANET challenges.

scholarly journals Investigating the Suitability of Different Routing Strategies In Specific VANET Application Class

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeldime Mohamed ◽  
Tagreed Yahya ◽  
Chen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Proactive Routing ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Event Driven

Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET), is an emerging technology that holds the opportunity to create potential applications that directly impact peoples' lives, traffic management, and infotainment services. Understanding VANET applications and the available routing protocols can help to infer the most suitable protocols that satisfy VANET application requirements. This paper develops a systematic classification methodology to classify VANET applications from a routing perspective, each application class has different network requirements which are laid down by VANET Projects conducted in different countries. Some of these requirements are related to the routing aspects and need to be satisfied by the selected routing strategies (proactive and reactive). The paper identifies routing strategies performance metrics related to each application class requirement, to efficiently guide the development of these routing strategies towards guaranteeing satisfactory performance for the applications under a wide variety of realistic VANET scenarios. It is also worth mentioning that minimum delay is a requirement needed by time and event-driven application classes. However, high reliability is a requirement needed by on-demand applications. The paper aims to provide a comparative study on the performance of routing strategies in different VANET application classes, to identify which routing strategies have better performance in specific VANET applications class. End-to-end delay is employed as a performance metric to evaluate the short delay requirement, while, the Routing Overhead (RO) is used to assess the reliability requirement. Simulation results showed that proactive routing protocol has a lower delay, which means that it is suitable for delay-sensitive applications such as time-driven and event-driven applications. The result also showed that the reactive routing protocol outperforms the proactive routing protocol in terms of RO, which means that reactive routing protocols can be nominated as proper routing strategies to satisfy the reliability requirement of the On-demand driven applications.

scholarly journals Impact of buffer size and TTL on DTN routing protocols in intermittently connected mobile networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sharif Hossen ◽  
Md. Masum Billah ◽  
Suraiya Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Dtn Routing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intermittently Connected

Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are kinds of networks where there does not exist any complete end-to-end route from source to destination. Such networks can also be referred to as Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs), which are featured by asymmetric data rates, large delay, limited resources and high error rates. In this network, size of buffer and Time-to-Live (TTL) for fixed number of nodes and message generation rates contribute to the network performance because of limited resources and short life span of a packet in the net-work. Therefore, investigating efficient routing for altering TTL and size of buffer is very important for overall network performance. This paper presents a performance analysis based on simulation of the impact of buffer size and TTL for several DTN routing protocols in ICMNs scenario. ONE, i.e., Opportunistic Network Environment is used to simulate the routing protocols considering three performance metrics: delivery ratio, mean latency and overhead ratio. Investigated results mention that Spray-and-Focus (SNF) routing exhibits the best performance for altering TTL and size of buffer than other DTN routing protocols, i.e., Epidemic, PRoPHET, PRoPHETv2, MaxProp, RAPID, and Binary-SNW in the considered performance metrics and simulation scenario. 

scholarly journals Adaptive Downward/Upward Routing Protocol for Mobile-Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Wang ◽  
Gérard Chalhoub ◽  
Michel Misson
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Point To Point

Recently, mobility support has become an important requirement in various Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are a special type of WSNs that tolerate a certain degree of packet loss. However, due to the strict resource constraints in the computation, energy, and memory of LLNs, most routing protocols only support static network topologies. Data collection and data dissemination are two basic traffic modes in LLNs. Unlike data collection, data dissemination is less investigated in LLNs. There are two sorts of data-dissemination methods: point-to-multipoint and point-to-point. In this paper, we focus on the point-to-point method, which requires the source node to build routes to reach the destination node. We propose an adaptive routing protocol that integrates together point-to-point traffic and data-collection traffic, and supports highly mobile scenarios. This protocol quickly reacts to the movement of nodes to make faster decisions for the next-hop selection in data collection and dynamically build routes for point-to-point traffic. Results obtained through simulation show that our work outperforms two generic ad hoc routing protocols AODV and flooding on different performance metrics. Results also show the efficiency of our work in highly mobile scenarios with multiple traffic patterns.

scholarly journals ODCR: Energy Efficient and Reliable Density Clustered-based routing protocol for emergency sensor applications

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Al-kahtani ◽  
Lutful Karim ◽  
Nargis Khan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Better Than

Designing an efficient routing protocol that opportunistically forwards data to the destination node through nearby sensor nodes or devices is significantly important for an effective incidence response and disaster recovery framework. Existing sensor routing protocols are mostly not effective in such disaster recovery applications as the networks are affected (destroyed or overused) in disasters such as earthquake, flood, Tsunami and wildfire. These protocols require a large number of message transmissions to reestablish the clusters and communications that is not energy efficient and result in packet loss. This paper introduces ODCR - an energy efficient and reliable opportunistic density clustered-based routing protocol for such emergency sensor applications. We perform simulation to measure the performance of ODCR protocol in terms of network energy consumptions, throughput and packet loss ratio. Simulation results demonstrate that the ODCR protocol is much better than the existing TEEN, LEACH and LORA protocols in term of these performance metrics.

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