scholarly journals Proof of Concept for an Intracochlear Acoustic Receiver for Use in Acute Large Animal Experiments

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flurin Pfiffner ◽  
Lukas Prochazka ◽  
Ivo Dobrev ◽  
Karina Klein ◽  
Patrizia Sulser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Acoustic Receiver ◽  
Live Specimen

(1) Background: The measurement of intracochlear sound pressure (ICSP) is relevant to obtain better understanding of the biomechanics of hearing. The goal of this work was a proof of concept of a partially implantable intracochlear acoustic receiver (ICAR) fulfilling all requirements for acute ICSP measurements in a large animal. The ICAR was designed not only to be used in chronic animal experiments but also as a microphone for totally implantable cochlear implants (TICI). (2) Methods: The ICAR concept was based on a commercial MEMS condenser microphone customized with a protective diaphragm that provided a seal and optimized geometry for accessing the cochlea. The ICAR was validated under laboratory conditions and using in-vivo experiments in sheep. (3) Results: For the first time acute ICSP measurements were successfully performed in a live specimen that is representative of the anatomy and physiology of the human. Data obtained are in agreement with published data from cadavers. The surgeons reported high levels of ease of use and satisfaction with the system design. (4) Conclusions: Our results confirm that the developed ICAR can be used to measure ICSP in acute experiments. The next generation of the ICAR will be used in chronic sheep experiments and in TICI.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of lung microstructure in healthy mice using an MR-based 3He lung morphometry technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1592-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Osmanagic ◽  
A. L. Sukstanskii ◽  
J. D. Quirk ◽  
J. C. Woods ◽  
R. A. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Lung Morphometry

The recently developed technique of lung morphometry using hyperpolarized 3He diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) (Yablonskiy DA, Sukstanskii AL, Woods JC, Gierada DS, Quirk JD, Hogg JC, Cooper JD, Conradi MS. J Appl Physiol 107: 1258–1265, 2009) permits in vivo study of lung microstructure at the alveolar level. Originally proposed for human lungs, it also has the potential to study small animals. The technique relies on theoretical developments in the area of gas diffusion in lungs linking the diffusion attenuated MR signal to the lung microstructure. To adapt this technique to small animals, certain modifications in MR protocol and data analysis are required, reflecting the smaller size of mouse alveoli and acinar airways. This is the subject of the present paper. Herein, we established empirical relationships relating diffusion measurements to geometrical parameters of lung acinar airways with dimensions typical for mice and rats by using simulations of diffusion in the airways. We have also adjusted the MR protocol to acquire data with much shorter diffusion times compared with humans to accommodate the substantially smaller acinar airway length. We apply this technique to study mouse lungs ex vivo. Our MR-based measurements yield mean values of lung surface-to-volume ratio of 670 cm−1, alveolar density of 3,200 per mm3, alveolar depth of 55 μm, and mean chord length of 62 μm, all consistent with published data obtained histologically in mice by unbiased methods. The proposed technique can be used for in vivo experiments, opening a door for longitudinal studies of lung morphometry in mice and other small animals.

scholarly journals The reporting quality of the interventional animal experiments in Chinese journals based on the evaluated results of the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Yanbiao Jiang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Shang ◽  
Weiyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Chinese Science ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Sufficient Detail

Abstract Objective To retrospectively evaluate the reporting quality of animal experiments published in Chinese journals adhering to the Animals Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Methods The databases CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM were searched from inception until July 2018. Two appropriately-trained. reviewers screened and extracted articles independently. The ARRIVE guidelines were used to assess the quality of the published reports of animal experiments. The compliance rate of every item was analyzed relative to the different dates of publication. Results A total of 4342 studies were finally included, of which 73.03% had been cited ≤ 5 times. Only 29.04% (1261/4342) were published in journals listed in the Chinese Science Citation Database. The results indicate that the compliance rate of around half of the sub-items (51.3%, 20/39) was less than 50% and 65.0% (13/20) was less than 10%. Conclusions The reporting quality of animal experiments in Chinese journals is generally at a low to moderate level. Due to the publication of the ARRIVE guidelines in 2010, the compliance rate of the majority of items in the ARRIVE guidelines has improved to some extent. However, less attention has been paid to the ethics and welfare of experimental animals, and a number of specific items in the Methods, Results, and Discussion sections continue to not be reported in sufficient detail. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize the ARRIVE guidelines, advocate researchers to adhere to them in the future, and in particular promote the use of the guidelines in specialized journals, in order that the design, implementation, and reporting of animal experiments is promoted, to ultimately improve their quality.

scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Total Flavonoids of Astragalus on Atherosclerosis Formation and Potential Mechanisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqing Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhuang ◽  
Yaping Tian ◽  
Graham Neil Thomas ◽  
Mingzhong Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Astragalus mongholicusBunge has long been used to treat cardiovascular disease in Chinese traditional medicine. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explored potential mechanisms and protective effects of total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) on cardiovascular disease using in vitro experiments and diet-induced atherosclerotic rabbits. We identified six components and their proportion in TFA. The animal experiments showed that TFA significantly reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (P<0.05to 0.01), increased HDL cholesterol levels (P<0.01), and reduced the aortic fatty streak area by 43.6 to 63.6% (P<0.01). We also found that TFA scavenged superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and this effect increased with higher TFA concentration. In in vivo experiments, TFA effectively inhibited the free radical spectrum in the ischemia-reperfusion module. In conclusion, TFA was the active component ofAstragalus mongholicusBunge, which benefits cardiovascular disease attributing to the potent antioxidant activity to improve the atherosclerosis profile.

scholarly journals Quality of interventional animal experiments in Chinese journals: compliance with ARRIVE guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Yanbiao Jiang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Shang ◽  
Weiyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background In view of the inadequacy and incompleteness of currently-reported animal experiments and their overall poor quality, we retrospectively evaluated the reporting quality of animal experiments published in Chinese journals adhering to the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Results The databases CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM were searched from inception until July 2018. Two appropriately-trained reviewers screened and extracted articles independently. The ARRIVE guidelines were used to assess the quality of the published reports of animal experiments. The compliance rate of every item was analyzed relative to their date of publication. A total of 4342 studies were included, of which 73.0% had been cited ≤5 times. Only 29.0% (1261/4342) were published in journals listed in the Chinese Science Citation Database. The results indicate that the compliance rate of approximately half of the sub-items (51.3%, 20/39) was less than 50%, of which 65.0% (13/20) was even less than 10%. Conclusions The reporting quality of animal experiments in Chinese journals is not at a high level. Following publication of the ARRIVE guidelines in 2010, the compliance rate of the majority of its requirements has improved to some extent. However, less attention has been paid to the ethics and welfare of experimental animals, and a number of specific items in the Methods, Results, and Discussion sections continue to not be reported in sufficient detail. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize the ARRIVE guidelines, advocate researchers to adhere to them in the future, and in particular promote the use of the guidelines in specialized journals in order that the design, implementation, and reporting of animal experiments is promoted, to ultimately improve their quality.

scholarly journals Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice by Using Dissolving Microarray Patches Containing Gentamicin

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife M. Rodgers ◽  
Maelíosa T. C. McCrudden ◽  
Aaron J. Courtenay ◽  
Mary-Carmel Kearney ◽  
Katherine L. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concept Study

ABSTRACT Using a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial infection, we demonstrate that gentamicin dissolving microarray patches, applied to murine ears, could control K. pneumoniae infection. Mice treated with microarray patches had reduced bacterial burden in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and lungs compared with their untreated counterparts. This proof of concept study represents the first published data on the in vivo delivery of the antibiotic gentamicin via dissolving microarray patches, resulting in the control of bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Luminal Na+ homeostasis has an important role in intestinal peptide absorption in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. G799-G809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Ishizuka ◽  
Michiko Nakayama ◽  
Miki Watanabe ◽  
Haruna Tajima ◽  
Yuri Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Peptide Absorption ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Peg 4000

Intestinal cell line studies indicated luminal Na+ homeostasis is essential for proton-coupled peptide absorption, because the driving force of PepT1 activity is supported by the apical Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3. However, there is no direct evidence demonstrating the importance of in vivo luminal Na+ for peptide absorption in animal experiments. To investigate the relationship between luminal Na+ homeostasis and peptide absorption, we took advantage of claudin 15-deficient (cldn15−/−) mice, whereby Na+ homeostasis is disrupted. We quantitatively assessed the intestinal segment responsible for peptide absorption using radiolabeled nonhydrolyzable dipeptide (glycylsarcosine, Gly-Sar) and nonabsorbable fluid phase marker polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 in vivo. In wild-type (WT) mice, the concentration ratio of Gly-Sar to PEG 4000 decreased in the upper jejunum, suggesting the upper jejunum is responsible for peptide absorption. Gly-Sar absorption was decreased in the jejunum of cldn15−/− mice. To elucidate the mechanism underlining these impairments, a Gly-Sar-induced short-circuit ( Isc) current was measured. In WT mice, increments of Gly-Sar-induced Isc were inhibited by the luminal application of a NHE3-specific inhibitor S3226 in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast to in vivo experiments, robust Gly-Sar-induced Isc increments were observed in the jejunal mucosa of cldn15−/− mice. Gly-Sar-induced Isc was inhibited by S3226 or a reduction of luminal Na+ concentration, which mimics low luminal Na+ concentrations in vivo . Our study demonstrates that luminal Na+ homeostasis is important for peptide absorption in native epithelia and that there is a cooperative functional relationship between PepT1 and NHE3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study is the first to demonstrate that luminal Na+ homeostasis is important for proton-coupled peptide absorption in in vivo animal experiments.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for electrical activity in pig atrial tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Peris-Yague ◽  
Tony Rubio ◽  
Funsho E Fakuade ◽  
Niels Voigt ◽  
Stefan Luther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Spatiotemporal Chaos ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Atrial Tissue

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained form of cardiac arrhythmia occurring in humans. Its effective treatment requires a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms at the genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. To study the complex mechanisms underlying the development, maintenance and termination of cardiac arrhythmias, we need preclinical research models. These models range from in vitro cell cultures to in vivo small and large animal hearts. However, translational research requires that the results of these animal experiments are understood in the context of human subjects. Currently, this is achieved through simulations with state-of-the-art mathematical models for human and animal heart tissue. In the context of AF, a model that is extensively used by experimentalists, is that of the pig atria. However, until now, an ionically detailed mathematical model for pig atrial tissue has been lacking, and researchers have been forced to rely on mathematical models from other animal species to understand their experimental observations. In this paper, we present the first ionically detailed mathematical model of porcine atrial electrophysiology. To build the model, we first fitted experimental patch-clamp data from literature to describe the individual currents flowing across the cell membrane. Later, we fine-tuned the model by fitting action potential duration restitution (APDR) curves for different repolarisation levels. The experimental data for the APDR studies was produced in N. Voigt’s lab. We extended our model to the tissue level and demonstrated the ability to maintain stable spiral waves. In agreement with previous experimental results, our model shows that early repolarisation is primarily driven by a calcium-mediated chloride current, IClCa, which is completely inactivated at high pacing frequencies. This is a condition found only in porcine atria. The model shows spatiotemporal chaos with reduced repolarisation.

scholarly journals The reporting quality of the interventional animal experiments in Chinese journals-based on the evaluated results of the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ma ◽  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Yanbiao Jiang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiment ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Chinese Science ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Abstract Objective To evaluate retrospectively the reporting quality of animal experiments published in Chinese journals adhering to the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Methods We searched databases including CNKI, WanFang, VIP and CBM by July, 2018. Two well-trained reviewers screened and extracted articles independently. The ARRIVE guidelines were used to assess the quality of animal experiment reports. The compliance rate of every item was analyzed according to different published time.Results 4342 studies were included finally, of which 73.03% had been cited ≤ 5 times, only 29.04% (1261/4342) were published in journals of Chinese Science Citation Database. The assessment results showed that the compliance rate of more than half of sub-items (51.28%, 20/39) was less than 50% and 65.00% (13/20) of sub-items was less than 10%.Conclusion The reporting quality of animal experiments in Chinese journals is generally lower than moderate level. Along with the publication of the ARRIVE guidelines in 2010, the compliance rate of most items in the ARRIVE guidelines has been improved to some extent. However, some specific items of methods, results and discussion were not still reported sufficiently and integrally. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize the ARRIVE guidelines, advocate researchers to adhere to the ARRIVE guidelines in the future and especially to promote the use of the ARRIVE guidelines in specialized journals, so as to promote the design, implementation and reporting of animal experiments, and ultimately improve their quality.

The Quality of Reporting Raises Questions on the Experimental Validity of Animal Studies Conducted in India and Sri Lanka: Preliminary Analysis of a Systematic Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Vijay Pal Singh ◽  
Ayushi Jain ◽  
Shubhra Gupta ◽  
Manudharshy Vijayakumar ◽  
Kunal Pratap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The quality of animal experiments in terms of appropriate reporting is a concern, particularly with regard to their validity and the recording of the measures taken to reduce various types of bias. A systematic survey of 1371 and 236 publications from India and Sri Lanka, respectively, which were published between 1905 and 2017 and indexed in NCBI-PubMed, Cinhal, MEDLINE and Scopus, was carried out. The level of detail in the descriptions of animals used and the measures taken to reduce bias were analysed in each article. Selected parameters from the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines, such as age, weight, sex, sample size calculation, blinding and randomisation were considered. The findings revealed poor reporting standards in animal experiments carried out in India and Sri Lanka, confirming the limited impact of the ARRIVE guidelines. These findings emphasise the urgent need for improvements in the peer review process, both prior to a study being set up and in the post-study reporting phase, and for more stringent adherence to the ARRIVE guidelines in the reporting of animal experiments.

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