scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Total Flavonoids of Astragalus on Atherosclerosis Formation and Potential Mechanisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqing Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhuang ◽  
Yaping Tian ◽  
Graham Neil Thomas ◽  
Mingzhong Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Astragalus mongholicusBunge has long been used to treat cardiovascular disease in Chinese traditional medicine. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explored potential mechanisms and protective effects of total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) on cardiovascular disease using in vitro experiments and diet-induced atherosclerotic rabbits. We identified six components and their proportion in TFA. The animal experiments showed that TFA significantly reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (P<0.05to 0.01), increased HDL cholesterol levels (P<0.01), and reduced the aortic fatty streak area by 43.6 to 63.6% (P<0.01). We also found that TFA scavenged superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and this effect increased with higher TFA concentration. In in vivo experiments, TFA effectively inhibited the free radical spectrum in the ischemia-reperfusion module. In conclusion, TFA was the active component ofAstragalus mongholicusBunge, which benefits cardiovascular disease attributing to the potent antioxidant activity to improve the atherosclerosis profile.

scholarly journals Propofol attenuates lung ischemia/reperfusion injury though the involvement of the MALAT1/microRNA-144/GSK3β axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wei-Jing Zhang ◽  
Miao Yang ◽  
Hua Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Loss Of Function

Abstract Background Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, was proven to protect against lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the detailed mechanism of Propofol in lung I/R injury is still elusive. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic effects of Propofol, both in vivo and in vitro, on lung I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms related to metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/microRNA-144 (miR-144)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Methods C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a lung I/R injury model while pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were constructed as hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) cellular model, both of which were performed with Propofol treatment. Gain- or loss-of-function approaches were subsequently employed, followed by observation of cell apoptosis in lung tissues and evaluation of proliferative and apoptotic capabilities in H/R cells. Meanwhile, the inflammatory factors, autophagosomes, and autophagy-related proteins were measured. Results Our experimental data revealed that Propofol treatment could decrease the elevated expression of MALAT1 following I/R injury or H/R induction, indicating its protection against lung I/R injury. Additionally, overexpressing MALAT1 or GSK3β promoted the activation of autophagosomes, proinflammatory factor release, and cell apoptosis, suggesting that overexpressing MALAT1 or GSK3β may reverse the protective effects of Propofol against lung I/R injury. MALAT1 was identified to negatively regulate miR-144 to upregulate the GSK3β expression. Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrated that Propofol played a protective role in lung I/R injury by suppressing autophagy and decreasing release of inflammatory factors, with the possible involvement of the MALAT1/miR-144/GSK3β axis.

scholarly journals Molecular Aspects of Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Organ Protection and Its Potential in Kidney Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2727
Author(s):  
Gertrude J. Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke ◽  
Dirk J. Bosch ◽  
Henri G.D. Leuvenink
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Graft Outcome ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable in kidney transplantation and negatively impacts graft and patient outcome. Reperfusion takes place in the recipient and most of the injury following ischemia and reperfusion occurs during this reperfusion phase; therefore, the intra-operative period seems an attractive window of opportunity to modulate IRI and improve short- and potentially long-term graft outcome. Commonly used volatile anesthetics such as sevoflurane and isoflurane have been shown to interfere with many of the pathophysiological processes involved in the injurious cascade of IRI. Therefore, volatile anesthetic (VA) agents might be the preferred anesthetics used during the transplantation procedure. This review highlights the molecular and cellular protective points of engagement of VA shown in in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments, and the potential translation of these results to the clinical setting of kidney transplantation.

scholarly journals Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Zu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Ningwei Che ◽  
Tingting Zhou ◽  
Xiangwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg1 ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion

Abstract Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is one of the major bioactive ingredients in Panax ginseng, and it attenuates inflammation and apoptosis. The aims of our study were to explore the potential of Rg1 for the treatment of intestinal I/R injury and to determine whether the protective effects of Rg1 were exerted through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, Rg1 treatment ameliorated inflammatory factors, ROS and apoptosis that were induced by intestinal I/R injury. Cell viability was increased and cell apoptosis was decreased with Rg1 pretreatment following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in the in vitro study. Rg1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both the in vivo and in vitro models, and in the in vitro study, the activation was blocked by DKK1. Our study provides evidence that pretreatment with Rg1 significantly reduces ROS and apoptosis induced by intestinal I/R injury via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that Rg1 could exert its therapeutic effects on intestinal I/R injury through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and provide a novel treatment modality for intestinal I/R injury.

scholarly journals Effects of retinoid therapy on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and circulating adipocytokines

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Corbetta ◽  
R Angioni ◽  
A Cattaneo ◽  
P Beck-Peccoz ◽  
A Spada
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Objective: In vitro and in vivo models indicate that all-trans retinoic acids influence glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic treatment with acitretin, an all-trans retinoic acid, on glucose metabolism, lipid profile and adiponectin and resistin levels. Design: Ten normoglycemic, normolipemic patients affected with psoriasis vulgaris were studied before and after 1 and 3 months of oral treatment with 35 μg of acitretin. Methods: Glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and adiponectin and resistin levels were evaluated in basal conditions and after acitretin treatment. Ten healthy subjects matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity were studied as controls. Results: One-month acitretin treatment reduced psoriasis activity, insulin sensitivity, evaluated as QUICKI values (0.364 ± 0.034 versus 0.329 ± 0.051; P < 0.05) and HOMA-IR index (1.53 ± 0.73 versus 2.59 ± 1.41; P < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels (45.2 ± 11.7 versus 39.4 ± 10.4 mg/dl; P = 0.01). The impairment in glucose and lipid homeostasis was transient and not associated to BMI variations. Adiponectin levels did not change during the treatment, while resistin levels, which were higher in untreated patients than in controls (9.4 ± 4.4 versus 6.2 ± 2.1 ng/ml; P = 0.05), fell within the normal range after 1 and 3 months of therapy. The normalization of resistin levels occurred without significant changes in circulating tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels, which persisted elevated throughout the treatment. Conclusions: Treatment with a low dose of acitretin induced a mild, transient reduction of insulin sensitivity and HDL-cholesterol levels that was not related to modifications of adiponectin, resistin and TNFα levels. Although the role of resistin in humans remains elusive, the levels of this adipocytokine seem to be affected, at least in part, by retinoids.

scholarly journals Whole grains protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most common cause of death in most Western countries. Nutrition factors contribute importantly to this high risk for ASCVD. Favourable alterations in diet can reduce six of the nine major risk factors for ASCVD, i.e. high serum LDL-cholesterol levels, high fasting serum triacylglycerol levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Wholegrain foods may be one the healthiest choices individuals can make to lower the risk for ASCVD. Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with higher levels (in the highest quintile) of whole-grain intake have a 29% lower risk for ASCVD than individuals with lower levels (lowest quintile) of whole-grain intake. It is of interest that neither the highest levels of cereal fibre nor the highest levels of refined cereals provide appreciable protection against ASCVD. Generous intake of whole grains also provides protection from development of diabetes and obesity. Diets rich in whole-grain foods tend to decrease serum LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels as well as blood pressure while increasing serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Whole-grain intake may also favourably alter antioxidant status, serum homocysteine levels, vascular reactivity and the inflammatory state. Whole-grain components that appear to make major contributions to these protective effects are: dietary fibre; vitamins; minerals; antioxidants; phytosterols; other phytochemicals. Three servings of whole grains daily are recommended to provide these health benefits.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Millettia Pulchra Flavonoids on Myocardial Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Huang ◽  
Xudong Zhang ◽  
Feizhang Qin ◽  
Yingxin Li ◽  
Xiaoqun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that Millettia pulchra flavonoids (MPF) exhibit protective effects on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in isolated rat hearts and show anti-oxidative, anti-hypoxic and anti-stress properties. Methods: In this study, the cardioprotective effects of MPF on myocardial ischemia and its underlying mechanisms were investigated by a hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R) injury model in vitro and a rat MI/RI model in vivo. Results: We found that the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were decreased in the MPF pretreatment group, whereas the activities of constructional nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were significantly increased. In addition, the cardiocytes were denser in the MPF groups than in the control group. The mortality rate and apoptosis rate of cardiocytes were significantly decreased. Furthermore, pretreatment with MPF in vivo significantly improved the hemodynamics, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) abundance, increased the activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the expression of the Bax protein and ratio Bax/Bc1-2 ration. Conclusions: These results suggest that MPF is an attractive protective substance in myocardial ischemia due to its negative effects on heart rate and ionotropy, reduction of myocardial oxidative damage and modulation of gene expression associated with apoptosis.

The cardioprotection of dihydrotanshinone I against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via inhibition of arachidonic acid ω-hydroxylase

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidan Wei ◽  
Meijuan Xu ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Guo Lu ◽  
Yangmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor that is metabolized by several enzymes to many biological eicosanoids. Accumulating data indicate that the ω-hydroxylation metabolite of AA, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), is considered to be involved in the myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). The inhibitors of AA ω-hydroxylase, however, are demonstrated to exhibit protective effects on MIRI. Dihydrotanshinone I (DI), a bioactive constituent of danshen, is proven to be a potent inhibitor of AA ω-hydroxylase by our preliminary study in vitro. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cardioprotection of DI against MIRI and its effects on the concentrations of 20-HETE in vivo. Rats subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion were assigned to intravenously receive vehicle (sham and ischemia–reperfusion), low (1 mg/kg), middle (2 mg/kg), or high (4 mg/kg) doses of DI before reperfusion. The results demonstrated that DI treatment could improve cardiac function, reduce infarct size, ameliorate the variations in myocardial zymogram and histopathological disorders, decrease 20-HETE generation, and regulate apoptosis-related protein in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion rats. These findings suggested DI could exert considerable cardioprotective action on MIRI by the attenuation of 20-HETE generation, subsequent myocardial injury, and apoptosis through inhibition on AA ω-hydroxylase.

Protective effects of captopril against ischemia/reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias in vitro and in vivo

1988 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter A. degraeff ◽  
Cees D.J. delangen ◽  
Wiek H. van Gilst ◽  
Klaas Bel ◽  
Egbert Scholtens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Effects
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