scholarly journals Bragg-Grating-Based Photonic Strain and Temperature Sensor Foils Realized Using Imprinting and Operating at Very Near Infrared Wavelengths

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Missinne ◽  
Nuria Teigell Benéitez ◽  
Marie-Aline Mattelin ◽  
Alfredo Lamberti ◽  
Geert Luyckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Strain Gage ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymer Waveguide ◽  
Optical Strain ◽  
Planar Approach

Thin and flexible sensor foils are very suitable for unobtrusive integration with mechanical structures and allow monitoring for example strain and temperature while minimally interfering with the operation of those structures. Electrical strain gages have long been used for this purpose, but optical strain sensors based on Bragg gratings are gaining importance because of their improved accuracy, insusceptibility to electromagnetic interference, and multiplexing capability, thereby drastically reducing the amount of interconnection cables required. This paper reports on thin polymer sensor foils that can be used as photonic strain gage or temperature sensors, using several Bragg grating sensors multiplexed in a single polymer waveguide. Compared to commercially available optical fibers with Bragg grating sensors, our planar approach allows fabricating multiple, closely spaced sensors in well-defined directions in the same plane realizing photonic strain gage rosettes. While most of the reported Bragg grating sensors operate around a wavelength of 1550 nm, the sensors in the current paper operate around a wavelength of 850 nm, where the material losses are the lowest. This was accomplished by imprinting gratings with pitches 280 nm, 285 nm, and 290 nm at the core-cladding interface of an imprinted single mode waveguide with cross-sectional dimensions 3 × 3 µm2. We show that it is possible to realize high-quality imprinted single mode waveguides, with gratings, having only a very thin residual layer which is important to limit bend losses or cross-talk with neighboring waveguides. The strain and temperature sensitivity of the Bragg grating sensors was found to be 0.85 pm/µε and −150 pm/°C, respectively. These values correspond well with those of previously reported sensors based on the same materials but operating around 1550 nm, taking into account that sensitivity scales with the wavelength.

scholarly journals Femtosecond-Laser-Assisted Fabrication of Radiation-Resistant Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Hun-Kook Choi ◽  
Young-Jun Jung ◽  
Bong-Ahn Yu ◽  
Jae-Hee Sung ◽  
Ik-Bu Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Fbg Sensors

This paper demonstrates the fabrication of radiation-resistant fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors using infrared femtosecond laser irradiation. FBG sensors were written inside acrylate-coated fluorine-doped single-mode specialty optical fibers. We detected the Bragg resonance at 1542 nm. By controlling the irradiation conditions, we improved the signal strength coming out from the FBG sensors. A significant reduction in the Bragg wavelength shift was detected in the fabricated FBG sensors for a radiation dose up to 105 gray, indicating excellent radiation resistance capabilities. We also characterized the temperature sensitivity of the radiation-resistant FBG sensors and detected outstanding performance.

scholarly journals High-Sensitivity Fiber-Optic Ultrasound Sensors for Medical Imaging Applications

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wen ◽  
D.G. Wiesler ◽  
A. Tveten ◽  
B. Danver ◽  
A. Dandridge
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensors ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Laser Interferometers

This paper presents several designs of high-sensitivity, compact fiber-optic ultrasound sensors that may be used for medical imaging applications. These sensors translate ultrasonic pulses into strains in single-mode optical fibers, which are measured with fiber-based laser interferometers at high precision. The sensors are simpler and less expensive to make than piezoelectric sensors, and are not susceptible to electromagnetic interference. It is possible to make focal sensors with these designs, and several schemes are discussed. Because of the minimum bending radius of optical fibers, the designs are suitable for single element sensors rather than for arrays.

scholarly journals Método aproximado para determinar la potencia óptica en una linterna fotónica

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Patricia Ixchel Palma-Arguello ◽  
Grethell Georgina Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Piñón ◽  
Genaro Hernández-Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Numerical Approximation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Incoherent Light ◽  
Optical Output ◽  
Tapered Optical Fiber ◽  
Para Determinar

Astronomy has benefited significantly from the development of photonic technology. However, the use of single-mode optical fibers in this area is not entirely efficient, this is mainly since its core, of the order of 8 microns in diameter, does not allow the capture of large amounts of light. In addition, in certain astronomical studies, it is required to analyze the multimodal incoherent light coming from the stars, particularly in the spectral range of the near infrared. One solution to these demands is the use of photonic lanterns, which are devices that function as an interface between a set of single-mode fibers and a multimode fiber, and in whose transition very low optical losses are obtained. However, there is not as far as we know, a mathematical method for the analysis of the behavior of the output power in photonic lanterns. Therefore, in this work we propose a numerical approximation method to determine the optical output power of single mode optical fibers in a photonic lantern, using the solution of eigenvalue equations, as well as the spatial capture of a part of the distribution of optical power, through of the end of a monomode tapered optical fiber.

scholarly journals Dependence of optical attenuation on radiation wavelength and waveguide geometry in copper-coated optical fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 11013
Author(s):  
Pavel Cherpak ◽  
Renat Shaidullin ◽  
Oleg Ryabushkin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Loss ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Radiation Losses ◽  
Optical Attenuation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Laser Sources

We demonstrate a novel approach to the determination of optical loss coefficients in metal-coated fibers in a 0.4-1.9 μm wavelength range. It is based on measuring the change of temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the metal coating caused by laser radiation transmitted through the fiber. A number of single-mode and multimode metallized fibers were investigated using several laser sources operating in visible and near infrared ranges. The spectral dependencies of optical losses of copper-coated fibers were experimentally obtained. The region that corresponds to the minimum optical losses is located near 1 μm wavelength. The increase of radiation losses in 1.5-1.9 μm region is much steeper compared to polymer-coated fibers.

Graphene oxide-polymethylmethacrylate polymer waveguide device based on near infrared fingerprint spectrum for refractive index sensing

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 2607-2610
Author(s):  
Botao Wang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lingxin Kong ◽  
Riqing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Polymer Waveguide ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing ◽  
High Measurement

A graphene oxide-polymethylmethacrylate (GO-PMMA) microfiber sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper, which is based on the absorption principle of near infrared spectra for external refractive index sensing. The sensor was fabricated by splicing a section of 1 mm GO-PMMA between two tapered single mode fibers. The hydrophilic groups of graphene oxide can be used to measure the proportion of water in glycerol solution, and achieve the goal of refractive index measurement indirectly. Experiments were conducted for moisture content of 4.3%~45% (refractive index range from 1.3400 to 1.4054) in glycerin solution. Different concentrations of glycerol solution have different intensities of absorption peaks near 1530 nm wavelength. The absorption peak power near 1530 nm wavelength responses to the external refractive index was experimentally studied. The results show that the sensor possesses a high sensitivity of 167.39 dB/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.34~1.41 and has a good linearity response to external refractive index. The proposed sensor is attractive owing to its high measurement speed, accurate, no pollution and lower cost, and is suited for long-term online real-time measurement.

scholarly journals Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in a High-Scattering Optical Fiber Doped with MgO Nanoparticles for Polarization-Dependent Temperature Sensing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Molardi ◽  
Tiago Paixão ◽  
Aidana Beisenova ◽  
Rui Min ◽  
Paulo Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Phase Mask ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Fbg Sensors

The characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors on a high-scattering fiber, having the core doped with MgO nanoparticles for polarization-dependent temperature sensing is reported. The fiber has a scattering level 37.2 dB higher than a single-mode fiber. FBGs have been inscribed by mean of a near-infrared femtosecond laser and a phase mask, with Bragg wavelength around 1552 nm. The characterization shows a thermal sensitivity of 11.45 pm/°C. A polarization-selective thermal behavior has been obtained, with sensitivity of 11.53 pm/°C for the perpendicular polarization (S) and 11.08 pm/°C for the parallel polarization (P), thus having 4.0% different sensitivity between the two polarizations. The results show the inscription of high-reflectivity FBGs onto a fiber core doped with nanoparticles, with the possibility of having reflectors into a fiber with tailored Rayleigh scattering properties.

scholarly journals Real-time Ultraviolet Radiation Sensor Based on Modified Cladding Optical Fibers Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 4667-4673
Author(s):  
Nadia F. Muhammed ◽  
Aseel I. Mahmood ◽  
Shehab A. Kadhim ◽  
Intisar A. Naseef ◽  
Ashwaq A. Jabor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Radiation Sensor ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Radiation Induced

      In this work, the performance of single-mode optical fibers (SMFs) for ultraviolet (UV) radiation monitoring and dosimetry applications is presented. In particular, this work will focus on the Radiation-Induced Absorption (RIA) phenomena in the Near-Infrared domain (NIR). Such phenomena play a very important role in the sensing mechanism for SMF. Single mode fibers with a diameter of 50 µm were used for this purpose. These fibers were dipped into germanium (Ge) solution with different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to produce the sensing part of the sensor. For all optical fiber sensors under investigation, the results indicated the dependence of the RIA on the applied UV radiation energy. Also, a redshift in peak wavelength was obtained. The influence of Ge concentration on sensing efficiency was studied and the best results were obtained with 3 wt% concentration as compared to 1 wt % and 5 wt % concentrations. The presented sensor shows good sensitivity to UV radiation which makes it possible to be applied in medical applications.

scholarly journals Fiber Optic Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring. A Review of Its Practicality in the Health Field

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Christian Perezcampos Mayoral ◽  
Jaime Gutiérrez Gutiérrez ◽  
José Luis Cano Pérez ◽  
Marciano Vargas Treviño ◽  
Itandehui Belem Gallegos Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring

Vital signs not only reflect essential functions of the human body but also symptoms of a more serious problem within the anatomy; they are well used for physical monitoring, caloric expenditure, and performance before a possible symptom of a massive failure—a great variety of possibilities that together form a first line of basic diagnosis and follow-up on the health and general condition of a person. This review includes a brief theory about fiber optic sensors’ operation and summarizes many research works carried out with them in which their operation and effectiveness are promoted to register some vital sign(s) as a possibility for their use in the medical, health care, and life support fields. The review presents methods and techniques to improve sensitivity in monitoring vital signs, such as the use of doping agents or coatings for optical fiber (OF) that provide stability and resistance to the external factors from which they must be protected in in vivo situations. It has been observed that most of these sensors work with single-mode optical fibers (SMF) in a spectral range of 1550 nm, while only some work in the visible spectrum (Vis); the vast majority, operate through fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), long-period fiber gratings (LPFG), and interferometers. These sensors have brought great advances to the measurement of vital signs, especially with regard to respiratory rate; however, many express the possibility of monitoring other vital signs through mathematical calculations, algorithms, or auxiliary devices. Their advantages due to miniaturization, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and the absence of a power source makes them truly desirable for everyday use at all times.

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