scholarly journals Challenges in Complementing Data from Ground-Based Sensors with Satellite-Derived Products to Measure Ecological Changes in Relation to Climate—Lessons from Temperate Wetland-Upland Landscapes

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Gallant ◽  
Walt Sadinski ◽  
Jesslyn Brown ◽  
Gabriel Senay ◽  
Mark Roth
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Temperate Wetland

Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Graven ◽  
R. F. Keeling ◽  
S. C. Piper ◽  
P. K. Patra ◽  
B. B. Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Global Carbon

Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Jennifer C. French ◽  
Seren John-Wood ◽  
Calvin Dytham
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

Estimating organic carbon storage in temperate wetland profiles in Northeast China

Geoderma ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ju Zhang ◽  
He-Ai Xiao ◽  
Cheng-Li Tong ◽  
Yi-Rong Su ◽  
Wan-sheng Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Temperate Wetland ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

Physical changes recorded by a deep diving seal on the Patagonian slope drive large ecological changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 103612
Author(s):  
N. Aubone ◽  
M. Saraceno ◽  
M.L. Torres Alberto ◽  
J. Campagna ◽  
L. Le Ster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Diving ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Physical Changes

Best Available Techniques in mining industry: topical issues and solution methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
A. E. Zakondyrin
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Extractive Industry ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

Extraction of mineral resources is one of the most profitable economic activities of the country, commanding a large part in Russian GDP. Nevertheless, precisely extractive industry is simultaneously leading in the level of Negative Environmental Impact. Adoption and application of BAT in mining sector companies requires essential changes in ecological policy of the Russian Federation. Although they were already started since 2014, there are still many unsolved problems in this area. It is emphasized within the article frame work, that one of the most topical issues is a long-standing need to develop more efficient methods and mechanisms of state support for technological and ecological changes. The ways of difficulties overcoming were considered, recommendations on enhancement of existing regulatory framework and standardisation documents in the area of research were made.

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