Self-Test Procedures for Gas Sensors Embedded in Microreactor Systems

Andreas Helwig; Angelika Hackner; Gerhard Müller; Dario Zappa; Giorgio Sberveglieri

doi:10.3390/s18020453

Evaluation of Concurrent Validity between a Smartphone Self-Test Prototype and Clinical Instruments for Balance and Leg Strength

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1765

Author(s):

Linda Mansson ◽

Pernilla Bäckman ◽

Fredrik Öhberg ◽

Jonas Sandlund ◽

Jonas Selling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Test Validity ◽

Strength Test ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Balance Test ◽

Clinical Assessments ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Test Application ◽

Self Test

The evolving use of sensors to objectively assess movements is a potentially valuable addition to clinical assessments. We have developed a new self-test application prototype, MyBalance, in the context of fall prevention aimed for use by older adults in order to independently assess balance and functional leg strength. The objective of this study was to investigate the new self-test application for concurrent validity between clinical instruments and variables collected with a smartphone. The prototype has two test procedures: static standing balance test in two positions, and leg strength test performed as a sit-to-stand test. Thirty-one older adults were assessed for balance and functional leg strength, in an outpatient physiotherapy setting, using seven different clinical assessments and three sensor-tests. The results show that clinical instruments and sensor measurements correlate to a higher degree for the smartphone leg strength test. For balance tests, only a few moderate correlations were seen in the Feet Together position and no significant correlations for the Semi Tandem Stance. This study served as a first step to develop a smartphone self-test application for older adults to assess functional balance at home. Further research is needed to test validity, reliability, and user-experience of this new self-test application.

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Fault grading of software-based self-test procedures for dependable automotive applications

2011 Design, Automation & Test in Europe ◽

10.1109/date.2011.5763092 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P Bernardi ◽

M Grosso ◽

E Sanchez ◽

O Ballan

Keyword(s):

Automotive Applications ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Self Test ◽

Fault Grading

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General considerations for skin test procedures in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity

Allergy ◽

10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.13027.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

K. Brockow ◽

A. Romano ◽

M. Blanca ◽

J. Ring ◽

W. Pichler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Test ◽

Drug Hypersensitivity ◽

Test Procedures

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The Audit Self Test

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e501052012-001 ◽

2013 ◽

Keyword(s):

Self Test

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A comparison of aggregate stability test procedures in determining the stability of fine sandy soils in fife, Scotland

CATENA ◽

10.1016/s0341-8162(79)80009-0 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 123-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I GRIEVE

Keyword(s):

Aggregate Stability ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Stability Test ◽

Test Procedures ◽

The Stability

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Reliability of Laboratory Tests for the Control of Oral Anticoagulation

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647716 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 (02/03) ◽

pp. 483-491

Author(s):

E. A Loeliger ◽

M. J Boekhout-Mussert ◽

L. P van Halem-Visser ◽

J. D. E Habbema ◽

H de Jonge

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Rabbit Brain ◽

Normal Range ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Discrimination Power ◽

Power Of The Test ◽

Assay Procedure ◽

Low Sensitivity

SummaryThe present study concerned the reproducibility of the so-called prothrombin time as assessed with a series of more commonly used modifications of the Quick’s onestage assay procedure, i.e. the British comparative reagent, homemade human brain thromboplastin, Simplastin, Simplastin A, and Thrombotest. All five procedures were tested manually on pooled lyophilized normal and patients’ plasmas. In addition, Simplastin A and Thrombotest were investigated semiautomatically on individual freshly prepared patients’ plasmas. From the results obtained, the following conclusions may be drawn :The reproducibility of results obtained with manual reading on lyophilized plasmas is satisfactory for all five test procedures. For Simplastin, the reproducibility of values in the range of insufficient anticoagulation is relatively low due to the low discrimination power of the test procedure in the near-normal range (so-called low sensitivity of rabbit brain thromboplastins). The reproducibility of Thrombotest excels as a consequence of its particularly easily discerned coagulation endpoint.The reproducibility of Thrombotest, when tested on freshly prepared plasmas using Schnitger’s semiautomatic coagulometer (a fibrinometer-liJce apparatus), is no longer superior to that of Simplastin A.The constant of proportionality between the coagulation times formed with Simplastin A and Thrombotest was estimated at 0.64.Reconstituted Thrombotest is stable for 24 hours when stored at 4° C, whereas reconstituted Simplastin A is not.The Simplastin A method and Thrombotest seem to be equally sensitive to “activation” of blood coagulation upon storage.

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Use of a Lyophilized Reference Plasma to Compare Coagulation Test Procedures

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651402 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 34 (02) ◽

pp. 426-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Kahan ◽

I Nohén

Keyword(s):

Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Coagulation Activity ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Measured Activity ◽

Test Materials ◽

The Difference ◽

The Stability ◽

The One

SummaryIn 4 collaborative trials, involving a varying number of hospital laboratories in the Stockholm area, the coagulation activity of different test materials was estimated with the one-stage prothrombin tests routinely used in the laboratories, viz. Normotest, Simplastin-A and Thrombotest. The test materials included different batches of a lyophilized reference plasma, deep-frozen specimens of diluted and undiluted normal plasmas, and fresh and deep-frozen specimens from patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Although a close relationship was found between different methods, Simplastin-A gave consistently lower values than Normotest, the difference being proportional to the estimated activity. The discrepancy was of about the same magnitude on all the test materials, and was probably due to a divergence between the manufacturers’ procedures used to set “normal percentage activity”, as well as to a varying ratio of measured activity to plasma concentration. The extent of discrepancy may vary with the batch-to-batch variation of thromboplastin reagents.The close agreement between results obtained on different test materials suggests that the investigated reference plasma could be used to calibrate the examined thromboplastin reagents, and to compare the degree of hypocoagulability estimated by the examined PIVKA-insensitive thromboplastin reagents.The assigned coagulation activity of different batches of the reference plasma agreed closely with experimentally obtained values. The stability of supplied batches was satisfactory as judged from the reproducibility of repeated measurements. The variability of test procedures was approximately the same on different test materials.

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