scholarly journals Evaluation of Concurrent Validity between a Smartphone Self-Test Prototype and Clinical Instruments for Balance and Leg Strength

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Linda Mansson ◽  
Pernilla Bäckman ◽  
Fredrik Öhberg ◽  
Jonas Sandlund ◽  
Jonas Selling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Test Application ◽  
Self Test

The evolving use of sensors to objectively assess movements is a potentially valuable addition to clinical assessments. We have developed a new self-test application prototype, MyBalance, in the context of fall prevention aimed for use by older adults in order to independently assess balance and functional leg strength. The objective of this study was to investigate the new self-test application for concurrent validity between clinical instruments and variables collected with a smartphone. The prototype has two test procedures: static standing balance test in two positions, and leg strength test performed as a sit-to-stand test. Thirty-one older adults were assessed for balance and functional leg strength, in an outpatient physiotherapy setting, using seven different clinical assessments and three sensor-tests. The results show that clinical instruments and sensor measurements correlate to a higher degree for the smartphone leg strength test. For balance tests, only a few moderate correlations were seen in the Feet Together position and no significant correlations for the Semi Tandem Stance. This study served as a first step to develop a smartphone self-test application for older adults to assess functional balance at home. Further research is needed to test validity, reliability, and user-experience of this new self-test application.

scholarly journals Co-Creation with Older Adults to Improve User-Experience of a Smartphone Self-Test Application to Assess Balance Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Mansson ◽  
Maria Wiklund ◽  
Fredrik Öhberg ◽  
Karin Danielsson ◽  
Marlene Sandlund
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Test Application ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Direct Feedback

This co-creation study aimed to develop a smartphone self-test application for balance and leg strength in collaboration between older adults and the research team. The paper describes older participants’ preferences for, and their contribution to, the application design. Technology to assess movements is available in smartphones with built-in sensors, and one of the challenges is to develop a valuable self-test for older adults. The participants contributed to the design of the application’s instructions and user interface. Multiple data collection methods were used: user-test with Think aloud method, mock-ups, homework assignment as co-researcher, audio and video recordings. Qualitative content analysis with a deductive-inductive approach was used, guided by the Optimized Honeycomb model for user experience (UX) as a categorization matrix. The analysis resulted in 17 subcategories within the seven facets of the UX Honeycomb model (findable, accessible, usable, desirable, credible, useful, and valuable), and describes the older participants’ preferences and experiences. The main results were participants’ desire to know why, to get clear and appropriate information, and expectations of the self-test to be useful. It was feasible and valuable to develop the self-test application in co-creation with the intended user-group, in order to get direct feedback and suggestions for the development.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the functioning assessment short test for older adults with bipolar disorder (FAST-O)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Orhan ◽  
Nicole Korten ◽  
Ralph Kupka ◽  
Patricia van Oppen ◽  
Max Stek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Functioning Assessment

Abstract Background Many frequently used instruments fail to assess psychosocial functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was developed in order to tackle this problem and to assess the main functioning problems experienced by patients with bipolar disorder. However, the original FAST is not fully applicable in older adults due to the domain of occupational functioning. The aim of our study was to validate an adapted version for Older adults (FAST-O) in a group of older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD). Methods 88 patients aged 50 years and over diagnosed with bipolar disorder were included. We adapted the items in the area of “work-related functioning” of the FAST into items assessing “societal functioning”. Several measurements were conducted in order to analyse the psychometric qualities of the FAST-O (confirmatory factor analysis for internal structure, Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, Spearman’s rho for concurrent validity, Mann–Whitney U test for discriminant validity). Results Mean age in the study sample was 65.3 (SD = 7.5) and 57.3% was female. The internal structure was most similar to the internal structure of the original FAST. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = .93). The concurrent validity when correlated with the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale was low, but significant. The FAST-O was also able to distinguish between euthymic and symptomatic OABD patients. Conclusions The FAST-O has strong psychometric qualities. Based on our results, we can conclude that the FAST-O is a short, efficient solution in order to replace global rating scales or extensive test batteries in order to assess daily functioning of older psychiatric patients in a valid and reliable manner.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 11-Item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Iranian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016327872110157
Author(s):  
Reza Hosseinabadi ◽  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽  
Mohammad-Sajjad Lotfi ◽  
Yadollah Pournia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
The Face

Loneliness is usually a chronic condition which may lead to physical and psychological undesirable consequences, and requires measurement and intervention. This study was conducted with the aim of preparing a Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and evaluating its psychometric properties among the Iranian older adults. After applying the translation-back translation method, the prepared script was subjected to the face and content validity evaluations and a Persian version of the scale was prepared. Factor analysis, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used to validate the scale. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale showed acceptable content validity. The negative and significant correlations between the loneliness scores and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable concurrent validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors for the scale. Also, the results of the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated that the scale had acceptable reliability. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring loneliness in the Iranian older adults.

scholarly journals Concurrent validity and reliability of the Community Balance and Mobility scale in young-older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Weber ◽  
Jeanine Van Ancum ◽  
Ronny Bergquist ◽  
Kristin Taraldsen ◽  
Katharina Gordt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability

Regression-Based Norms and Validation of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery among Community-Living Older Adults in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah K H Siew ◽  
Madeline F Y Han ◽  
Rathi Mahendran ◽  
Junhong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Neurocognitive Test

Abstract Objective The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is widely used in research and clinical settings. However, little is known about the use of the CANTAB in the local aging context. This study aimed to develop normative data for various CANTAB measures in community-living older adults in Singapore. Normative data were built using the regression-based approach. A secondary aim was to examine the concurrent validity of CANTAB measures with their traditional neurocognitive test counterparts. Method A total of 210 older adults (Mage = 67.27 years, SD = 5.45) from an existing cohort study completed standard neurocognitive tests and a CANTAB battery. A total of 160 were normal aging, 46 diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and one diagnosed with Dementia. Older adults with MCI and Dementia were not included in the calculation of norms but were included in other analyses. For the CANTAB battery, regression-based norms were generated for each CANTAB measure, with age, sex, and education included as covariates. Concurrent validity was examined by correlating the CANTAB measures with their traditional neurocognitive counterparts. Results As expected, performance across most CANTAB measures declined significantly with increasing age and decreasing education levels. There were no significant effects of sex on most CANTAB measures. Our study also showed that some CANTAB measures demonstrated good concurrent validity as they significantly correlated with their traditional neurocognitive test counterparts. Conclusions We have developed age, sex, and education-specific CANTAB norms for use in the local aging context. The advantages and challenges of using the CANTAB in the local aging context are discussed.

Correction of Differentially Functioning Items: Basis for Maintaining and Enhancing Test Validity and Reliability

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Jose Q. Pedrajita
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Private School ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
School Type ◽  
Item Functioning

This study looked into differentially functioning items in a Chemistry Achievement Test. It also<br />examined the effect of eliminating differentially functioning items on the content and concurrent validity,<br />and internal consistency reliability of the test. Test scores of two hundred junior high school students<br />matched on school type were subjected to Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis. One hundred<br />students came from a public school, while the other 100 were private school examinees. The<br />descriptive-comparative research design utilizing differential item functioning analysis and validity and<br />reliability analysis was employed. The Chi-Square, Distractor Response Analysis, Logistic Regression,<br />and the Mantel-Haenszel Statistic were the methods used in the DIF analysis. A six-point scale ranging<br />from inadequate to adequate was used to assess the content validity of the test. Pearson r was used in<br />the concurrent validity analysis. The KR-20 formula was used for estimating the internal consistency<br />reliability of the test. The findings revealed the presence of differentially functioning items between the<br />public and private school examinees. The DIF methods differed in the number of differentially<br />functioning items identified. However, there was a high degree of correspondence between the Logistic<br />Regression and Mantel-Haenszel Statistic. After the elimination of the differentially functioning items,<br />the content and the concurrent validity, and the internal consistency reliability differed per DIF method<br />used. The content validity of the test differed ranging from slightly adequate to moderately adequate in<br />the number of items retained. The concurrent validity of the test also differed but all were positive and<br />indicate moderate relationship between the examinees’ test scores and their GPA in Science III.<br />Likewise, the internal consistency reliability of the test differed. The more differentially functioning<br />items eliminated, the lesser was the content and concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability<br />of the test becomes. Elimination of differentially functioning items diminishes content and concurrent<br />validity, and internal consistency reliability, but could be use as basis in enhancing content, concurrent<br />as well as internal consistency reliability by replacing eliminated DIF items.

Concurrent Validity Of Zeno Compared To Gaitrite With Backward Walking In Healthy Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lin ◽  
Shagun Patel ◽  
Coty Thomas ◽  
Jane Freund ◽  
Srikant Vallabhajosula
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Backward Walking

Changes in the Dynamic Stability of Walking in Active Healthy Older Adults Independent of Changes in Walking Speed

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Gu Kang ◽  
Jonathan B. Dingwell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Walking Speeds

Older adults commonly walk slower, which many believe helps improve their walking stability. However, they remain at increased risk of falls. We investigated how differences in age and walking speed independently affect dynamic stability during walking, and how age-related changes in leg strength and ROM affected this relationship. Eighteen active healthy older and 17 younger adults walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes each at each of 5 speeds (80–120% of preferred). Local divergence exponents and maximum Floquet multipliers (FM) were calculated to quantify each subject’s responses to small inherent perturbations during walking. These older adults exhibited the same preferred walking speeds as the younger subjects (p = 0.860). However, these older adults still exhibited greater local divergence exponents (p&lt;0.0001) and higher maximum FM (p&lt;0.007) than young adults at all walking speeds. These older adults remained more unstable (p&lt;0.04) even after adjusting for declines in both strength and ROM. In both age groups, local divergence exponents decreased at slower speeds and increased at faster speeds (p&lt;0.0001). Maximum FM showed similar changes with speed (p&lt;0.02). The older adults in this study were healthy enough to walk at normal speeds. However, these adults were still more unstable than the young adults, independent of walking speed. This greater instability was not explained by loss of leg strength and ROM. Slower speeds led to decreased instability in both groups.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Scores

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Wikstrom
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Wii Fit

Context:Interactive gaming systems have the potential to help rehabilitate patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board, which is part of the Wii Fit game, could be an effective tool to monitor progress during rehabilitation because the board and game can provide objective measures of balance. However, the validity and reliability of Wii Fit balance scores remain unknown.Objective:To determine the concurrent validity of balance scores produced by the Wii Fit game and the intrasession and intersession reliability of Wii Fit balance scores.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Forty-five recreationally active participants (age  =  27.0 ± 9.8 years, height  =  170.9 ± 9.2 cm, mass  =  72.4 ± 11.8 kg) with a heterogeneous history of lower extremity injury.Intervention(s):Participants completed a single-limb–stance task on a force plate and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) during the first test session. Twelve Wii Fit balance activities were completed during 2 test sessions separated by 1 week.Main Outcome Measure(s):Postural sway in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions and the AP, ML, and resultant center-of-pressure (COP) excursions were calculated from the single-limb stance. The normalized reach distance was recorded for the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the SEBT. Wii Fit balance scores that the game software generated also were recorded.Results:All 96 of the calculated correlation coefficients among Wii Fit activity outcomes and established balance outcomes were interpreted as poor (r &lt; 0.50). Intrasession reliability for Wii Fit balance activity scores ranged from good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]  =  0.80) to poor (ICC  =  0.39), with 8 activities having poor intrasession reliability. Similarly, 11 of the 12 Wii Fit balance activity scores demonstrated poor intersession reliability, with scores ranging from fair (ICC  =  0.74) to poor (ICC  =  0.29).Conclusions:Wii Fit balance activity scores had poor concurrent validity relative to COP outcomes and SEBT reach distances. In addition, the included Wii Fit balance activity scores generally had poor intrasession and intersession reliability.

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