scholarly journals User Interaction Modeling and Profile Extraction in Interactive Systems: A Groupware Application Case Study

Sensors ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Tîrnăucă ◽  
Rafael Duque ◽  
José Montaña
Keyword(s):  
User Interaction ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Interaction Modeling

scholarly journals Machine Learning Improves the Precision and Robustness of High-Content Screens

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Horvath ◽  
Thomas Wild ◽  
Ulrike Kutay ◽  
Gabor Csucs
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Reporter Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Analysis Workflow

Imaging-based high-content screens often rely on single cell-based evaluation of phenotypes in large data sets of microscopic images. Traditionally, these screens are analyzed by extracting a few image-related parameters and use their ratios (linear single or multiparametric separation) to classify the cells into various phenotypic classes. In this study, the authors show how machine learning–based classification of individual cells outperforms those classical ratio-based techniques. Using fluorescent intensity and morphological and texture features, they evaluated how the performance of data analysis increases with increasing feature numbers. Their findings are based on a case study involving an siRNA screen monitoring nucleoplasmic and nucleolar accumulation of a fluorescently tagged reporter protein. For the analysis, they developed a complete analysis workflow incorporating image segmentation, feature extraction, cell classification, hit detection, and visualization of the results. For the classification task, the authors have established a new graphical framework, the Advanced Cell Classifier, which provides a very accurate high-content screen analysis with minimal user interaction, offering access to a variety of advanced machine learning methods.

Verification of Plastic Interactive Systems

i-com ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Oliveira ◽  
Sophie Dupuy-Chessa ◽  
Gaëlle Calvary
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
System Model ◽  
Equivalence Checking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formal Techniques

AbstractInteractive systems have largely evolved over the past years. Nowadays, different users can interact with systems on different devices and in different environments. The user interfaces (UIs) are expected to cope with such variety. Plastic UIs have the capacity to adapt to changes in their context of use while preserving usability. Such capability enhances UIs, however, it adds complexity on them. We propose an approach to verifying interactive systems considering this adaptation capability of the UIs. The approach applies two formal techniques: model checking, to the verification of properties over the system model, and equivalence checking, to compare different versions of a UI, thereby identifying different levels of UI equivalence. We apply the approach to a case study in the nuclear power plant domain in which several UI are analyzed, properties are verified, and the level of equivalence between them is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Supporting the implementation of guidelines to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV in Malawi: a multi-case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Chifundo Zimba ◽  
Gwen Sherwood ◽  
Barbara Mark ◽  
Jeenifer Leeman
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Implementation Support ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Mother To Child

BackgroundHigh HIV infection and fertility rates contributed to over 12,000 children acquiring HIV from their mothers in 2011 in Malawi. To prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Malawi adopted the Option B+ guidelines, and for three years, the University of North Carolina (UNC) Project provided support to strengthen guideline implementation in 134 health centres. Little is known about how implementation support strategies are delivered in low resource countries or contextual factors that may influence their delivery. The limited descriptions of support strategies and salient contextual factors limits efforts to replicate, target, and further refine strategies. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation, this study describes factors influencing implementation of support strategies and how they impacted health center staff capacity to implement Option B+ in Malawi. MethodsA qualitative multi-case study design was applied. Data were collected through site visits to 4 heath centres (2 low- and 2-high performing centres). We interviewed 18 support providers and recipients between October 2014 and October 2015. Data were analysed using content, thematic, and cross-case analysis.ResultsFour categories of strategies were used to support Option B+ guidelines implementation: training, technical assistance (TA), tools, and resources. All heath-centres implemented Option B+ guidelines for care provided between the antenatal and labor and delivery periods. Gaps in Option B+ implementation occurred during community activities and during post-delivery care, including gaps in testing of children to ascertain their HIV status at 6 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months. Salient contextual factors included staffing shortages, transportation challenges, limited space and infrastructure, limited stocks of HIV testing kits, and large patient populations.ConclusionsUnderstanding factors that influence implementation support strategies and delivery of the Option B+ guidelines, such as availability of staff and other materials/drug resources, is critical to designing effective implementation support for low resource settings.

Architectural Models for Reliable Multi-User Interfaces

2012 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Mario Ciampi ◽  
Antonio Coronato ◽  
Giuseppe De Pietro ◽  
Luigi Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
Interface Standardization

Virtual Environments are complex systems in that they involve the crucial concept of sharing. Users can share knowledge of each other’s current activities, environments, and actions. In this chapter, the authors discuss about interaction interoperability, intended to mean the ability of two or more users to cooperate despite the heterogeneity of their interfaces. To allow such interoperability, formal methods to formalize the knowledge and middleware solutions for sharing that knowledge are required. After introducing the state-of-the-art solutions and the open issues in the field, the authors describe a system for providing interaction interoperability among multi-user interfaces. Rather than focusing on the de-coupling of input devices from interaction techniques and from interaction tasks, this chapter suggests integrating interactive systems at higher level through an interface standardization. To achieve this aim, the authors propose: i) an architectural model able to handle differences in input devices and interaction tasks; ii) an agent-based middleware that provides basic components to integrate heterogeneous user interfaces. The chapter also presents a case study in which an agent-based middleware is used to support developers in the interconnection of monolithic applications.

scholarly journals An Investigation into Healthcare-Data Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Boddy ◽  
William Hurst ◽  
Michael Mackay ◽  
Abdennour El Rhalibi ◽  
Thar Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Modelling Data

Visualising complex data facilitates a more comprehensive stage for conveying knowledge. Within the medical data domain, there is an increasing requirement for valuable and accurate information. Patients need to be confident that their data is being stored safely and securely. As such, it is now becoming necessary to visualise data patterns and trends in real-time to identify erratic and anomalous network access behaviours. In this paper, an investigation into modelling data flow within healthcare infrastructures is presented; where a dataset from a Liverpool-based (UK) hospital is employed for the case study. Specifically, a visualisation of transmission control protocol (TCP) socket connections is put forward, as an investigation into the data complexity and user interaction events within healthcare networks. In addition, a filtering algorithm is proposed for noise reduction in the TCP dataset. Positive results from using this algorithm are apparent on visual inspection, where noise is reduced by up to 89.84%.

scholarly journals People in suits: a case study of empowerment and control in a non-profit UK organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-528
Author(s):  
Roxana Corduneanu ◽  
Laura Lebec
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
And Control

PurposeDrawing on Simons's levers of control (LoC) framework, the primary aim of this study is to advance an understanding of the balance between empowerment and constraint in a non-profit UK organisation. In particular, this study examines the antecedents and manifestations of LoC (im)balance, in relation to employees' level of engagement with the control systems in place.Design/methodology/approachFor this study, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with different organisational members, from directors to non-managerial staff, to gain an in-depth appreciation of the main differences between managerial intentions in the design of management control systems (MCS) and employee perceptions regarding the role of such systems.FindingsThis research reveals that suppression of interactive systems and internal inconsistencies between different types of controls hinder the balance between empowerment and constraint. This imbalance is then found to have important consequences for employee buy-in, in some cases, defeating the purposes of control.Research limitations/implicationsThis study enhances our understanding of the gap between the design of control systems and the employee perceptions of it in an unusual organisational setting (non-profit and bringing together clinical and non-clinical staff and operations).Originality/valueThe study of MCS and its role in organisations has long been the focus of both academic and practitioner research. Yet, while extant literature focused on management's perspective on MCS, few studies have explored employees' attitudes and behaviours that accompany the implementation of control. What is more, little is known about the specific uses and behavioural outcomes of MCS in the context of non-profit organisations. Drawing on Simons's LoC framework, this paper addresses these gaps in the literature and investigates the balance between control and empowerment of employees in a UK non-profit organisation with significant clinical remit.

A Method for the Formal Verification of Human-interactive Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L Bolton ◽  
Ellen J. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Analytic Models ◽  
Human Device

Predicting failures in complex, human-interactive systems is difficult as they may occur under rare operational conditions and may be influenced by many factors including the system mission, the human operator's behavior, device automation, human-device interfaces, and the operational environment. This paper presents a method that integrates task analytic models of human behavior with formal models and model checking in order to formally verify properties of human-interactive systems. This method is illustrated with a case study: the programming of a patient controlled analgesia pump. Two specifications, one of which produces a counterexample, illustrate the analysis and visualization capabilities of the method.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Physician Interaction in the Medical Device Development Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Aquino Shluzas ◽  
John H. Linehan ◽  
Larry J. Leifer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Medical Device Development ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Case Based

A multiphase empirical field study is being conducted at Stanford University to examine the process of physician interaction during medical device development. The initial component of this study involved creating an analytic framework for case-based research that provided a conceptual guide for the pilot case study documented in this paper. The pilot case study examined the process of engaging physicians in medical device development within the context of an entrepreneurial device company. The methods used in this study included a combination of interviews with cross-functional team members, a quantitative survey, and the collection of archival data. Data analysis first involved documenting physician-developer interaction practices that had been used within the company, from needs finding to post-market surveillance, across multiple product generations. Leading development factors involving physicians that had influenced the company’s clinical and financial outcomes were next identified. The case study illustrated the importance of working with and understanding the user experiences of a wide range of physicians when developing new products. The case also captured how physician interaction influences risk perceptions toward medical device performance for both surgeons and developers. The case likewise highlighted the benefits of a systems-based design approach, as opposed to designing products for a single technical end point. From a methodological perspective, the case study revealed the importance of examining user interaction within a contextual framework, as opposed to an isolated examination of input and output variables. The study presented in this paper has provided a foundation for future case-based analyses regarding the process of physician interaction in medical device development.

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