scholarly journals Evaluation of SPL100 Single Photon Lidar Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Preston Hartzell ◽  
Craig Glennie
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Geiger Mode ◽  
Elevation Model

Geiger-mode and single photon lidar sensors have recently emerged on the commercial market, advertising greater collection efficiency than the traditional linear mode lidar (LML) systems. Non-linear photon detection is a new technology for the geospatial community, and its performance characteristics for surveying and mapping are not yet well understood. Therefore, the geospatial quality of the data produced by one of these new sensors, the Leica SPL100, is examined by comparing the achieved lidar point cloud accuracy, precision, digital elevation model (DEM) generation, canopy penetration, and multiple return generation to a LML point cloud. We find the SPL100 has a lower ranging precision than linear mode lidar and that the precision is more negatively affected by surface properties such as low intensity and high incidence angle. The accuracy of the SPL100 point cloud, however, was found to be comparable to LML for smooth horizontal surfaces. A 1 m resolution SPL100 DEM was also comparable to a corresponding LML DEM, but the SPL100 was observed to have a reduced ability to resolve multiple returns through vegetation when compared to a LML sensor. In its current state, the SPL100 is likely best suited for applications in which the need for collection efficiency outweighs the need for maximum precision and canopy penetration and modeling.

PUNCH-THROUGH CHARACTERISTICS OF AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES UNDER THE GEIGER MODE

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
JIANPING GUO ◽  
CHANGJUN LIAO ◽  
ZHENGJUN WEI ◽  
JINDONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Avalanche Photodiodes ◽  
Single Photon Detector ◽  
Voltage Curve ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Geiger Mode ◽  
Current Voltage Curve ◽  
Selection Of

A passive quench circuit is used to study the punch-through characters of avalanche photodiodes under the Geiger mode. The photocurrent–voltage curve indicated clearly the punch-through voltage while the dark current–voltage curve is insensitive to the punch-through. The experiments demonstrate different distributions of the carries. The dark carriers counts increase much faster than the photo-carriers counts due to the different collection efficiency. A proper selection of the bias can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the single photon detector.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN AN ILLUMINATION DOME

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay MacDonald ◽  
Isabella Toschi ◽  
Erica Nocerino ◽  
Mona Hess ◽  
Fabio Remondino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Photometric Stereo ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

The accuracy of 3D surface reconstruction was compared from image sets of a Metric Test Object taken in an illumination dome by two methods: photometric stereo and improved structure-from-motion (SfM), using point cloud data from a 3D colour laser scanner as the reference. Metrics included pointwise height differences over the digital elevation model (DEM), and 3D Euclidean differences between corresponding points. The enhancement of spatial detail was investigated by blending high frequency detail from photometric normals, after a Poisson surface reconstruction, with low frequency detail from a DEM derived from SfM.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN AN ILLUMINATION DOME

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Lindsay MacDonald ◽  
Isabella Toschi ◽  
Erica Nocerino ◽  
Mona Hess ◽  
Fabio Remondino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Photometric Stereo ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

The accuracy of 3D surface reconstruction was compared from image sets of a Metric Test Object taken in an illumination dome by two methods: photometric stereo and improved structure-from-motion (SfM), using point cloud data from a 3D colour laser scanner as the reference. Metrics included pointwise height differences over the digital elevation model (DEM), and 3D Euclidean differences between corresponding points. The enhancement of spatial detail was investigated by blending high frequency detail from photometric normals, after a Poisson surface reconstruction, with low frequency detail from a DEM derived from SfM.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT GROUND FILTERING ALGORITHMS FOR UAV-BASED POINT CLOUDS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Serifoglu ◽  
O. Gungor ◽  
V. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Filtering Algorithms ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Uav Images

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation is one of the leading application areas in geomatics. Since a DEM represents the bare earth surface, the very first step of generating a DEM is to separate the ground and non-ground points, which is called ground filtering. Once the point cloud is filtered, the ground points are interpolated to generate the DEM. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) point clouds have been used in many applications thanks to their success in representing the objects they belong to. Hence, in the literature, various ground filtering algorithms have been reported to filter the LiDAR data. Since the LiDAR data acquisition is still a costly process, using point clouds generated from the UAV images to produce DEMs is a reasonable alternative. In this study, point clouds with three different densities were generated from the aerial photos taken from a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to examine the effect of point density on filtering performance. The point clouds were then filtered by means of five different ground filtering algorithms as Progressive Morphological 1D (PM1D), Progressive Morphological 2D (PM2D), Maximum Local Slope (MLS), Elevation Threshold with Expand Window (ETEW) and Adaptive TIN (ATIN). The filtering performance of each algorithm was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that the ATIN and PM2D algorithms showed the best overall ground filtering performances. The MLS and ETEW algorithms were found as the least successful ones. It was concluded that the point clouds generated from the UAVs can be a good alternative for LiDAR data.

scholarly journals TANDEM-X MISSION STATUS, PRODUCTS AND PERSPECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-1 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Böer ◽  
C. Wecklich ◽  
M. Bachmann ◽  
S. Buckreuss ◽  
P. Rizzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Flying ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Absolute Height ◽  
Data Coverage ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Elevation Model

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> TanDEM-X is an innovative single-pass interferometric radar mission, which is comprised of two formation flying satellites. The TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite was launched on June 15th 2007, and its almost identically constructed twin satellite TanDEM-X (TDX) was launched on 21st of June 2010. Together they supply high-quality radar data in order to serve two main mission goals: Scientific observation of the Earth and provision of remote sensing data for the commercial market (TerraSAR-X mission), and the generation of a global digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth’s surface (TanDEM-X mission). Between December 2010 and early 2015, radar data of all land surfaces has been acquired and as of September 2016 the final TanDEM-X DEM dataset has been available. This paper provides a final quality assessment of the TanDEM-X global DEM products with respect to the relative and absolute height accuracy and data coverage both at the global and geocell level. In addition, an overview on current mission status is given and new DEM products, which are currently in the scope of the TanDEM-X mission, are described.</p>

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF GROUND SURFACE ALONG ROADWAY FROM MOBILE LIDAR DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-5 ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
M. Yadav ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
B. Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Road Widening

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> High quality digital elevation model (DEM) is obtained from mobile LiDAR data and it is used in various applications like road widening, slope measurement of road side surfaces, and inundation of the roadway evaluation. Two steps algorithm is proposed to filter ground points using mobile LiDAR data. Initially unstructured input data is organized then standard deviation and flatness based approach is used to filter ground points. Proposed algorithm is tested on point cloud of test site located along 800<span class="thinspace"></span>m of roadway. Type I, Type II and total error are 2.11%, 2.21% and 2.15%, respectively with kappa is equal to 96.61% are computed using ground filtered points and reference data points.</p>

SOLAR-BLIND SINGLE-PHOTON 4H-SiC AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
ALEXEY VERT ◽  
STANSILAV SOLOVIEV ◽  
JODY FRONHEISER ◽  
PETER SANDVIK
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Optical Filter ◽  
Single Photon Detection ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Photon Detection ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Geiger Mode ◽  
Photon Detection Efficiency

A solar blind 4 H - SiC single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is reported. The SPAD with separate absorption and multiplication layers was designed for operation with low dark counts. A thin film optical filter deposited on a sapphire window of the device package provided sensitivity in the wavelength range between 240 and 280 nm with a very high solar photon rejection ratio. An estimated dark current of 0.4 pA (0.75 nA/cm2) at a gain of 1000 was measured on a device with an effective mesa diameter of 260 µm. A single photon detection efficiency of 9% (linear mode) and 9.5% (gated Geiger mode) were achieved at a wavelength of 266 nm for the same device. Corresponding dark count rate and dark count probability were 600 Hz and 4×10-4.

scholarly journals How to decide which oblique image has the highest mapping potential for monoplotting method: a case studies on river erosion and floods

2014 ◽  
Vol II-5 ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Triglav-Čekada ◽  
V. Bric ◽  
M. Zorn
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Oblique View ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Oblique Images ◽  
Matching Techniques

When studying the development of different geomorphic processes, floods, glaciers or even cultural heritage through time, one cannot rely only on regular photogrammetrical procedures and metrical images. In a majority of cases the only available images are the archive images with unknown parameters of interior orientation showing the object of interest in oblique view. With the help of modern high resolution digital elevation models derived from aerial or terrestrial laser scanning (lidar) or from photogrammetric stereo-images by automatic image-matching techniques even single nonmetric high or low oblique image from the past can be applied in the monoplotting procedure to enable 3D-data extraction of changes through time. The first step of the monoplotting procedure is the orientation of an image in the space by the help of digital elevation model (DEM). When using oblique images tie points between an image and DEM are usually too sparse to enable automatic exterior orientation, still the manual interactive orientation using common features can resolve such shortages. The manual interactive orientation can be very time consuming. Therefore, before the start of the manual interactive orientation one should be certain if one can expect useful results from the chosen image. But how to decide which image has the highest mapping potential before we introduce a certain oblique image in orientation procedure? The test examples presented in this paper enable guidance for the use of monoplotting method for different geoscience applications. The most important factors are the resolution of digital elevation model (the best are the lidar derived ones), the presence of appropriate common features and the incidence angle of the oblique images (low oblique images or almost vertical aerial images are better). First the very oblique example of riverbank erosion on Dragonja river, Slovenija, is presented. Than the test example of September 2010 floods on Ljubljana moor is discussed. Finally, case study from November 2012 floods is presented. During November 2012 floods an initiative was launched to gather as much non-metrical images of floods as possible from casual observers (volunteered image gathering). From all gathered images the guidelines presented before helped to pick out 21% images which were used for monoplotting.

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