scholarly journals Particle Size Distribution in Municipal Solid Waste Pre-Treated for Bioprocessing

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Sigrid Kusch-Brandt ◽  
Shiyan Gu ◽  
Sonia Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Jaw Opening

While it is well known that particle size reduction impacts the performance of bioprocessing such as anaerobic digestion or composting, there is a relative lack of knowledge about particle size distribution (PSD) in pre-treated organic material, i.e., the distribution of particles across different size ranges. PSD in municipal solid waste (MSW) pre-treated for bioprocessing in mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) was researched. In the first part of this study, the PSD in pre-treated waste at two full-scale MBT plants in the UK was determined. The main part of the study consisted of experimental trials to reduce particle sizes in MSW destined for bioprocessing and to explore the obtained PSD patterns. Shredders and a macerating grinder were used. For shear shredders, a jaw opening of 20 mm was found favourable for effective reduction of particle sizes, while a smaller jaw opening rather compressed the wet organic waste into balls. Setting the shredder jaw opening to 20 mm does not mean that in the output all particles will be 20 mm or below. PSD profiles revealed that different particle sizes were present in each trial. Using different types of equipment in series was effective in reducing the presence of larger particles. Maceration yielded a PSD dominated by very fine particles, which is unsuitable for composting and potentially also for anaerobic digestion. It was concluded that shredding, where equipment is well selected, is effective in delivering a material well suited for anaerobic digestion or composting.

scholarly journals Process optimization of dry batch anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste

2007 ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Jeanger P. Juanga
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Substrate Particle

Optimizing anaerobic digestion aims to maximize organic waste stabilization at shortdigestion period with higher biogas production. This paper presents different strategies tooptimize the anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste in combinedprocess in which early flushing and microaeration were conducted during pre-stage, Also, theinfluence of substrate particle size reduction and the advantage of thermophilic system overmesophilic in the overall digestion process are presented, Additionally, an attempt was takento employ sequential staging concept by using a mature (old) reactor which underwent acombined digestion process. Importantly, process evaluation between an optimized combinedprocess and sequential staging concept were evaluated with the main objective of optimizingthe process, Process efficiency evaluation was based on biochemical methane potential(BMP) test The overall result suggest that the combined anaerobic digestion process can beoptimized by conducting shorter duration of pre-stage at reduced volume of flushing waterwith microearation, under thennophilic condition at reduced substrate particle size of 30 mm,Nevertheless, the sequential staging concept offers an improved operation over the combinedanaerobic digestion wherein the higher specific methane yield of 11.9 L CH4/kg VS.day wasachieved, Improved waste stabilization with 86% and 79% mass and volume reduction whichcorresponds to 84% process efficiency was obtained by sequential staging process,

Influence of Ionic Surfactants under Ultrasonic Irradiation to Reduce the Particle Size of Mechanically Alloyed La1-XSrX Fe0.5Mn0.25Ti0.25O3 Powders

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah ◽  
Azwar Manaf ◽  
Bambang Soegijono
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Nanoparticle Clusters

In this study, nanoparticles La1-xSrxFe0.5Mn0.25Ti0.25O3particles were prepared by two successive methods: the mechanical alloying (MA) with the successive sintering and the deagglomeration of MA powders in the demineralized water containing surfactant under ultrasonic irradiation. It is shown that MA powders have coarser particle size of a slightly less than 6 micron in average. Additionally, the particle size distribution was relatively broadening which indicates a large size variation in particle sizes. As MA powders were dispersed in the demineralized water and irradiated by a 40 KHz ultrasonic wave for 5 hours the particle size distribution was improve significantly, it has a narrow particle size distribution with a mean particle size almost 180 nm. The particle has crystallite with mean size 20-26 nm subject to XRD line broadening analysis. Thus, the particles can be called nanoparticles clusters. The study also indicated the breakup of nanoparticle cluster was no longer effective in a prolonged ultra sonication time and yet reagglomeration was obvious. However, the latter was not occurred in a disperse media containing surfactants. In this study, four types of surfactant were used and their influences to the particle sizes were evaluated. According to this study, the four types of surfactants could reduce further the particle size but in different pathways. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as anionic surfactant reduced the sizes of nanoparticle clusters to almost 180 nm by one step ultra sonication. While cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants promoted the gel formation in the first place, the nanoparticle clusters were then obtained after an additional heating to breaking the gel form to dry powders. The present of gel was due to stabilization process of the particle to avoid any re-agglomeration between each fine particle. In this paper, we discussed a systematic material preparation towards nanoparticles clusters and the mechanism as well as influence of surfactants in particle size reduction for LSMFTO powders.

scholarly journals Forecast of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste in Moscow (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorii Kozlov ◽  
Mikhail Pushkarev
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The City

The article provides data on forecasting the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the city of Moscow (Russia). The paper proposes a methodology for predicting the morphological composition of MSW and checks its operability. It was found that using the regression equations it is possible to fairly reliably (with an error within 5%) predict the composition of the main fractions of MSW (food waste, polymers, paper, screenings, etc.), however, it is almost impossible to predict the particle size distribution in this way, since it depends on changes consumer pReferences and should be evaluated in an expert way.

scholarly journals MINERAL ABUNDANCE AND PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION DERIVED FROM IN-SITU SPECTRA MEASUREMENTS OF YUTU ROVER OF CHANG’E-3

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W1 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
H. Lin ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
D. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yutu Rover

From geologic perspective, understanding the types, abundance, and size distributions of minerals allows us to address what geologic processes have been active on the lunar and planetary surface. The imaging spectrometer which was carried by the Yutu Rover of Chinese Chang’E-3 mission collected the reflectance at four different sites at the height of ~ 1 m, providing a new insight to understand the lunar surface. The mineral composition and Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of these four sites were derived in this study using a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) and Sparse Unmixing (SU) algorithm. The endmembers used were clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, plagioclase and agglutinate collected from the lunar sample spectral dataset in RELAB. The results show that the agglutinate, clinopyroxene and olivine are the dominant minerals around the landing site. In location Node E, the abundance of agglutinate can reach up to 70 %, and the abundances of clinopyroxene and olivine are around 10 %. The mean particle sizes and the deviations of these endmembers were retrieved. PSDs of all these endmembers are close to normal distribution, and differences exist in the mean particle sizes, indicating the difference of space weathering rate of these endmembers.

The Role of Particle Size Distribution in the Performance and Modelling of Filtration

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Mackie ◽  
R. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Large Particles

The paper examines the importance of size distribution of the influent suspension on the performance of deep bed filters and its significance with regard to modelling. Experiments were carried out under a variety of conditions using suspensions which were identical in every respect apart from their size distribution. The results indicate that the presence of coarse particles does increase the removal of fine particles. Deposition of fine particles leads to a greater headloss than deposition of large particles. Changes in size distribution with time and depth play an important role in determining the behaviour of a filter, and models of both removal and headloss development must take account of this.

scholarly journals Particle size distribution of sawdust and wood shavings mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vítěz ◽  
P. Trávníček
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Number Of Particles

Particle size distribution of the sample of waste sawdust and wood shavings mixtures were made with two commonly used methods of mathematical models by Rosin-Rammler (RR model) and by Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS model).On the basis of network analysis distribution function F (d) (mass fraction) and density function f (d) (number of particles captured between two screens) were obtained. Experimental data were evaluated using the RR model and GGS model, both models were compared. Better results were achieved with GGS model, which leads to a more accurate separation of the different particle sizes in order to obtain a better industrial profit of the material.

Performance Characteristics of Centrifugal Slurry Pumps

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Gandhi ◽  
S. N. Singh ◽  
V. Seshadri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Solid Concentration ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Additional Losses

The performance of two centrifugal slurry pumps has been reported for three solid materials having different particle size distribution (PSD) in terms of head, capacity, and power characteristics. The results have shown that the values of head and efficiency ratios are not only dependent on solid concentration but are also affected by PSD of the solids and properties of the slurry. The addition of fine particles in the slurry of coarser material leads to reduction in the additional losses that occur in the pumps due to the presence of solids. It is also observed that with the increase in the pump size, the additional losses due to presence of solids reduce.

Particle Size Distribution Measurement of Free-Falling Fine Particles in a Dusty Plasma Experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (Part 1, No. 5A) ◽  
pp. 3433-3434
Author(s):  
Nobuki Kawashima ◽  
Kazuya Takeda ◽  
Takeharu Etoh ◽  
Kousei Takehara ◽  
Haruya Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Distribution Measurement ◽  
Plasma Experiment ◽  
Particle Size Distribution Measurement ◽  
Free Falling

MPT Influence on the Rheological Behaviour of Self-Flow Refractory Castables

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio P. Silva ◽  
Ana M. Segadães ◽  
Tessaleno C. Devezas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Aggregate Particle ◽  
Refractory Castables

The success of a refractory castable is largely due to the quality of its properties and ease of application. Self-flow refractory castables (SFRC), with high flowability index (>130%), can be easily accommodated in a mould without the application of external energy, being ideal for the manufacture of monolithic linings. SFRC castables without cement require a matrix of very fine particles, which guarantees improved rheological behaviour and performs the role of the binder in the absence of the refractory cement. The presence of the aggregate (coarse particles) hinders the flowability index, but improves the castable mechanical strength and reduces firing shrinkage, and also contributes to the reduction of the castable costs. The control of the maximum paste thickness (MPT) allows the reduction of the coarse particles interference, minimizing the number of contact points among the grains and avoiding the formation of an aggregate skeleton that impairs the flowability of the mixture. In the present work, 100% alumina SFRCs without cement were produced with a fixed matrix of fine particles, whose particle size distribution was optimized using statistical techniques (mixtures design and triangular response surfaces). Different aggregate particle size distributions were used, with several MPT values, with the objective of evaluating which was the mean distance that maximized the flowability index, simultaneously ensuring good mechanical strength for the refractory castable. Ensuring a minimum surface area of 2.22m2/g, the mixtures reach the self-flow turning point with a minimum water content and the maximum flowability is obtained for an aggregate particle size distribution modulus of q=0.22, and consequently an optimized MPT value. SFRC with high mechanical strength (>60MPa) were obtained.

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