scholarly journals Fermentable Sugar Production from the Peels of Two Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Cultivars by Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Obeng ◽  
Duangporn Premjet ◽  
Siripong Premjet
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Acid Soluble Lignin

The potential of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel as feedstock for the production of fermentable sugars was evaluated. Durian peel biomass from two cultivars, monthong (Durio zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) and chanee (Durio zibethinus Murr. cv. Chanee), were pretreated with different concentrations (70%, 75%, 80%, and 85%) of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at a moderate temperature of 60 °C for 60 min. The H3PO4-pretreated durian peel biomass was then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Significantly higher glucan (44.74 ± 0.21%) content was observed in the monthong peel compared to the chanee peel (42.06 ± 0.28%). Phosphoric acid pretreatment caused the significant solubilization of the xylan and acid soluble lignin (ASL) contents. This enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis process causing a significant increase in the hydrolysis efficiency and glucose concentration. The highest hydrolysis efficiency and glucose concentration were obtained after 72 h from the 75% H3PO4-pretreated peel biomass for both the monthong (90.33 ± 0.42% and 9.55 ± 0.11 g/L, respectively) and chanee (90.06 ± 0.40% and 8.56 ± 0.13 g/L, respectively) peels. Biomass to glucose recovery for monthong and chanee were improved by approximately 7- and 6-fold, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed destruction of the peel biomass structure and changes in the cellulose crystallinity index (CrIs).

scholarly journals Improved glucose recovery from durian peel by alkaline-catalyzed steam pretreatment

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12026
Author(s):  
Abraham Kusi Obeng ◽  
Duangporn Premjet ◽  
Siripong Premjet
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Glucose Recovery

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel, as agricultural waste, is a potential under-utilized lignocellulosic biomass that is sufficiently available in Thailand. In this study, durian peel from monthong (D. zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) and chanee (D.zibethinus Murr. cv. Chanee) were subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under autoclaving conditions to improve glucose recovery. The effect of NaOH concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and autoclave temperature (110 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) was investigated based on the amount of glucose recovered. The optimal NaOH concentration and autoclave temperature were determined to be 2% and 110 °C, respectively, under which maximum glucose (36% and 35% in monthong and chanee peels, respectively) was recovered. Glucose recovery was improved by about 6-fold at the optimal pretreatment condition for both pretreated monthong and chanee when compared to the untreated durian peels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed great changes to the surface morphology of pretreated durian peel from the two cultivars. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also revealed a rise in cellulose crystallinity index (CrIs) after pretreatment. A combination of mild NaOH concentration and autoclaving is a very effective pretreatment technique for maximum glucose recovery from durian peel.

scholarly journals Effect of Subsequent Dilute Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Reducing Sugar Production from Sugarcane Bagasse and Spent Citronella Biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Timung ◽  
Narendra Naik Deshavath ◽  
Vaibhav V. Goud ◽  
Venkata V. Dasu
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This work was aimed at investigating the effect of process parameters on dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of spent citronella biomass (after citronella oil extraction) and sugarcane bagasse on total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. In acid pretreatment, the parameters studied were acid concentration, temperature, and time. At the optimized condition (0.1 M H2SO4, 120°C, and 120 min), maximum TRS obtained was 452.27 mg·g−1and 487.50 mg·g−1for bagasse and citronella, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass usingTrichoderma reesei26291 showed maximum TRS yield of 226.99 mg·g−1for citronella and 282.85 mg·g−1for bagasse at 10 FPU, 50°C, and 48 hr. The maximum crystallinity index (CI) of bagasse and citronella after acid pretreatment obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis was 64.41% and 56.18%, respectively. Decreased CI after enzymatic hydrolysis process to 37.28% and 34.16% for bagasse and citronella, respectively, revealed effective conversion of crystalline cellulose to glucose. SEM analysis of the untreated and treated biomass revealed significant hydrolysis of holocellulose and disruption of lignin.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation and Ionic Liquid Combined Pretreatment Method on Various Lignocellulosic Biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Aida Jusri ◽  
Amizon Azizan ◽  
Zuqhair Sherry Zalman Zain ◽  
Abd Mohd Faizal Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Palm Frond

The objective of this study was to characterize the performance of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to assess its use as a potential bioethanol or biofuels through pretreatment process. The pretreatment process was performed to remove crystalline structural of biomasses in order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this work, combined electron beam irradiation and ionic liquid method was used as the pretreatment process for various LCBs such as Gigantochloa albociliata (GA), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), oil palm frond (OPF), acacia and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as reference. Irradiation dose was measured through electron beam accelerator over a range of 100-1000 kGy. Ionic liquid (IL) is known as green solvent that can dissolve cellulose. 50% v/v 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) IL was employed to enhance the effect of irradiation in pretreatment process. The LCBs was analyzed by using two method; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR result shows different pattern of spectra and peak for each condition. Lateral order index (LOI) based on Beer’s Law was also calculated to determine the changes in structure order after pretretament. For XRD results, the crystallinity index (CrI) of pretreated LCBs was calculated by using Segal’s Equation in order to determine the pattern based on different conditions. The highest percentage of effectiveness showed by pretreated Acacia as the values of LOI and CrI is the lowest compared to other LCBs which is 41.77% and 25.21%, respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of Rice Husk Cellulose as a Magnetic Nanoparticle Biocomposite Fiber Source for the Absorption of Manganese (Mn2+) Ions in Peat Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Zacky Effendi ◽  
Yudhi Christian Hariady ◽  
Muhammad Daffa Salaahuddin ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste that contains cellulose. Rice husk fiber (RHF) can be used as a source of fiber in the manufacture of magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite used as an adsorbent and evaluate its performance on the adsorption of  Mn2+ ions and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in peat water. Rice husk fiber was delignified to eliminate lignin levels. Furthermore, the biocomposite was made through the solvothermal method with and without the addition of hexanediamine. The products produced are two types of adsorbents, namely magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite with an amino group (RHB-MH) and rice husk fiber biocomposite without an amino group (RHB-M). These biocomposites were used to adsorb Mn2+ ions in peat water. Evaluations were carried out at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8 with an optimum adsorption time of 60 minutes. The solutions at the time of adsorption were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions of the adsorption process carried out. The observation of magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite based on the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows magnetic nanoparticles formed on the surface of rice husk fiber with a diameter of 30-50 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the delignification of rice husk increased Crystallinity Index (CrI) by 64.98% and reduced silica content by 78%. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrometer show absorption peak at 570 cm-1 for Fe-O bonds and Fe3O4 peak around 1627 cm−1, indicating the presence of N-H bending. The optimum condition for Mn2+ adsorption was achieved at pH 5 and 60-minutes duration with an adsorption capacity of 54.7 mg/g and 190.78 mg/g for RHB-M and RHB-MH. The TSS reduction achieved the effectiveness of 60.2% and 90.3% for BSP-M and BSP-MH, respectively.

Experimental Investigation of Surface Modified Abaca Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Harendra Kumar Narang ◽  
Somnath Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Modified

Natural fibres have gained popularity due to their use in fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites which are not only non-polluting but are also light weight and inexpensive. Abaca fibres are known for their remarkable properties for which their polymer composites are used in automotive applications. However, hydrophilicity and compatibility with polymer matrices are the two major drawbacks of natural fibres which restrict their use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Therefore, present study deals with the surface modifications of abaca fibre using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide solutions to enhance crystallinity and reduce hydrophilicity of abaca fibres. Further, the surfaces of untreated and treated fibre were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surface treatment of abaca fibre led to the removal of unwanted wax, and other amorphous materials which was confirmed through FTIR analysis. Crystallinity index was found to be 57%, 59% and 61% for untreated, NaOH treated and KMnO4 treated abaca fibre respectively.

Effect of phosphoric acid pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanhua Zhang ◽  
Beixiao Zhang ◽  
Jingqiang Zhang ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Shijie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF WOUND-HEALING KERATIN HYDROGELS USING CHICKEN FEATHERS PROTEINS AND ITS PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyaah Kumaran ◽  
Arun Gupta ◽  
Swati Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Chicken Feather ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chicken Feathers

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>A novel cross-linked keratin hydrogel was prepared by integrating keratin from chicken feather into an aloe-vera, Chitosan and honey based dressing formulation separately.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Keratin fibres extracted from chicken feathers are eco-friendly, non-abrasive, biodegradable, insoluble in organic solvents and having good mechanical properties, hydrophobic behaviour, low density and finally cheap. Keratin based hydrogels were prepared with five types of ingredients and studied for their wound healing properties. The analysis of keratin-based hydrogel was done by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Keratinocytes containing keratin travel from the wound border to initiate the process of healing. The characteristics of keratin-based hydrogel derived from chicken feather made it an effective wound care therapeutic product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the crystallinity index in between 30-50% of the hydrogen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>The test for swelling and solubility were carried out on the hydrogen to determine the solid content and water absorbance capacity. Overall, this product is safe to use as an effective wound healing product with appropriate properties. </p>

scholarly journals Use of Chènevotte, a Valuable Co-Product of Industrial Hemp Fiber, as Adsorbent for Pollutant Removal. Part I: Chemical, Microscopic, Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Characterization of Raw and Modified Samples

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Chiara Mongioví ◽  
Dario Lacalamita ◽  
Nadia Morin-Crini ◽  
Xavier Gabrion ◽  
Aleksandra Ivanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
The Impact

FINEAU (2021–2024) is a trans-disciplinary research project involving French, Serbian, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian colleagues, a French agricultural cooperative and two surface-treatment industries, intending to propose chènevotte, a co-product of the hemp industry, as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from polycontaminated wastewater. The first objective of FINEAU was to prepare and characterize chènevotte-based materials. In this study, the impact of water washing and treatments (KOH, Na2CO3 and H3PO4) on the composition and structure of chènevotte (also called hemp shives) was evaluated using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray computed nanotomography (nano-CT), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that all these techniques are complementary and useful to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. Before any chemical treatment, the presence of impurities with a compact unfibrillated structure on the surfaces of chènevotte samples was found. Data indicated an increase in the crystallinity index and significant changes in the chemical composition of each sample after treatment as well as in surface morphology and roughness. The most significant changes were observed in alkaline-treated samples, especially those treated with KOH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document