scholarly journals Use of Chènevotte, a Valuable Co-Product of Industrial Hemp Fiber, as Adsorbent for Pollutant Removal. Part I: Chemical, Microscopic, Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Characterization of Raw and Modified Samples

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Chiara Mongioví ◽  
Dario Lacalamita ◽  
Nadia Morin-Crini ◽  
Xavier Gabrion ◽  
Aleksandra Ivanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
The Impact

FINEAU (2021–2024) is a trans-disciplinary research project involving French, Serbian, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian colleagues, a French agricultural cooperative and two surface-treatment industries, intending to propose chènevotte, a co-product of the hemp industry, as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from polycontaminated wastewater. The first objective of FINEAU was to prepare and characterize chènevotte-based materials. In this study, the impact of water washing and treatments (KOH, Na2CO3 and H3PO4) on the composition and structure of chènevotte (also called hemp shives) was evaluated using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray computed nanotomography (nano-CT), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that all these techniques are complementary and useful to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. Before any chemical treatment, the presence of impurities with a compact unfibrillated structure on the surfaces of chènevotte samples was found. Data indicated an increase in the crystallinity index and significant changes in the chemical composition of each sample after treatment as well as in surface morphology and roughness. The most significant changes were observed in alkaline-treated samples, especially those treated with KOH.

Experimental Investigation of Surface Modified Abaca Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Harendra Kumar Narang ◽  
Somnath Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Modified

Natural fibres have gained popularity due to their use in fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites which are not only non-polluting but are also light weight and inexpensive. Abaca fibres are known for their remarkable properties for which their polymer composites are used in automotive applications. However, hydrophilicity and compatibility with polymer matrices are the two major drawbacks of natural fibres which restrict their use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Therefore, present study deals with the surface modifications of abaca fibre using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide solutions to enhance crystallinity and reduce hydrophilicity of abaca fibres. Further, the surfaces of untreated and treated fibre were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surface treatment of abaca fibre led to the removal of unwanted wax, and other amorphous materials which was confirmed through FTIR analysis. Crystallinity index was found to be 57%, 59% and 61% for untreated, NaOH treated and KMnO4 treated abaca fibre respectively.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF WOUND-HEALING KERATIN HYDROGELS USING CHICKEN FEATHERS PROTEINS AND ITS PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyaah Kumaran ◽  
Arun Gupta ◽  
Swati Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Chicken Feather ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chicken Feathers

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>A novel cross-linked keratin hydrogel was prepared by integrating keratin from chicken feather into an aloe-vera, Chitosan and honey based dressing formulation separately.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Keratin fibres extracted from chicken feathers are eco-friendly, non-abrasive, biodegradable, insoluble in organic solvents and having good mechanical properties, hydrophobic behaviour, low density and finally cheap. Keratin based hydrogels were prepared with five types of ingredients and studied for their wound healing properties. The analysis of keratin-based hydrogel was done by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Keratinocytes containing keratin travel from the wound border to initiate the process of healing. The characteristics of keratin-based hydrogel derived from chicken feather made it an effective wound care therapeutic product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the crystallinity index in between 30-50% of the hydrogen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>The test for swelling and solubility were carried out on the hydrogen to determine the solid content and water absorbance capacity. Overall, this product is safe to use as an effective wound healing product with appropriate properties. </p>

Large Size CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Microcrystalline with a Capsule-Free Cavity Box Structure Grown by Solvent Thermal Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 1032 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Fei Han ◽  
Xi Ping Xi ◽  
Min Fan ◽  
Ling Ling Wang ◽  
Jin Ming Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Material Decomposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Box Structure ◽  
Technical Guidance

In the paper, a novel perovskite microcrystalline with a capsule-free cavity box structure was creatively prepared through solvent thermal reaction, and the composition and structure of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite microcrystalline were further characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) element mapping. The SEM results show that the grain size of the prepared CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite microcrystalline is more than 100 μm. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to characterize the material decomposition of perovskite microcrystals before and after 150 d of air aging. The XRD results indicate the prepared perovskite microcrystalline could be stably preserved in the air for 150 d without degradation. Our method provides technical guidance for further enriching the morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite microcrystalline.

scholarly journals Improved glucose recovery from durian peel by alkaline-catalyzed steam pretreatment

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12026
Author(s):  
Abraham Kusi Obeng ◽  
Duangporn Premjet ◽  
Siripong Premjet
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Glucose Recovery

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel, as agricultural waste, is a potential under-utilized lignocellulosic biomass that is sufficiently available in Thailand. In this study, durian peel from monthong (D. zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) and chanee (D.zibethinus Murr. cv. Chanee) were subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under autoclaving conditions to improve glucose recovery. The effect of NaOH concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and autoclave temperature (110 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) was investigated based on the amount of glucose recovered. The optimal NaOH concentration and autoclave temperature were determined to be 2% and 110 °C, respectively, under which maximum glucose (36% and 35% in monthong and chanee peels, respectively) was recovered. Glucose recovery was improved by about 6-fold at the optimal pretreatment condition for both pretreated monthong and chanee when compared to the untreated durian peels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed great changes to the surface morphology of pretreated durian peel from the two cultivars. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also revealed a rise in cellulose crystallinity index (CrIs) after pretreatment. A combination of mild NaOH concentration and autoclaving is a very effective pretreatment technique for maximum glucose recovery from durian peel.

Characterization and Monitoring of the Evolution of a Calcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulfate Self−Setting Bone Cement

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Argyrios Kasioptas ◽  
Veronica Sandell ◽  
Eva Lidén ◽  
Oskar Börjesson ◽  
Malin Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The hydration of α−tricalcium phosphate (α−TCP) is known to lead to the formation of an interlinked calcium−deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) framework. This apatite resembles the composition and structure of physiologic bone mineral, making it a good candidate for bone reconstruction. The additional presence of a calcium sulfate phase, which has a faster resorption rate than apatite, gives a gradual creation of porosity in the cement. This may in turn enhance bone ingrowth. The aim of this study was to gain deeper understanding of the main characteristics and properties of a bi−phasic α−TCP/α−CSH cement, prepared with an X−ray contrast medium.Isothermal calorimetry has been used to follow the course of the hydration reaction over time as it involves traceable exothermic events with possible contributions from both the calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate components. This was done in an attempt to identify and differentiate the role of each reactive phase. Additionally, the total produced heat from the cement has been used to estimate the degree of conversion and this result has been verified by X−ray diffraction analysis.Furthermore, compressive strength of the α−TCP/α−CSH cement has been measured over time to investigate the possible connection to its thermal evolution signature. Also, the impact of the surrounding environment on the α−TCP and α−CSH conversion was investigated by comparing XRD results between samples that had been kept dry or wet.

Effect of Ionic Liquids/water Pre-Treatment of Luffa fibres on the Structural Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3587-3590
Author(s):  
Li Wei ◽  
Xiao Qing Shi ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ying Chong Ma ◽  
Ji Xiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pre Treatment

Recently, the use of lignocellulosic fibres to reinforcing composite has received an increased attention. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion makes important the treatment of raw materials. In this study, the raw material Luffa fibres were treated by ionic liquids/water mixture and this treatment proved to be useful by elimination of gummy and waxy substances. The effect of the treatments on the structure of fibres was showed using SEM and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The SEM results revealed that the treatment resulted in a removal of lignin, pectin and hemicellulose substances, and change the characteristics of the surface topography. The XRD analysis shows the increase of crystallinity index.

Identification of acid-insoluble filter-plugging compounds and optimal acid-washing procedures for tubular backpulse pressure filters

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
KEVIN TAYLOR ◽  
RICH ADDERLY ◽  
GAVIN BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Over time, performance of tubular backpulse pressure filters in kraft mills deteriorates, even with regular acid washing. Unscheduled filter replacement due to filter plugging results in significant costs and may result in mill downtime. We identified acid-insoluble filter-plugging materials by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in both polypropylene and Gore-Tex™ membrane filter socks. The major filter-plugging components were calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium phosphate (hydroxylapatite), aluminosilicate clays, metal sulfides, and carbon. We carried out detailed sample analysis of both the standard acid-washing procedure and a modified procedure. Filter plugging by gypsum and metal sulfides appeared to occur because of the acid-washing procedure. Gypsum formation on the filter resulted from significant hydrolysis of sulfamic acid solution at temperatures greater than 130°F. Modification of the acid-washing procedure greatly reduced the amount of gypsum and addition of a surfactant to the acid reduced wash time and mobilized some of the carbon from the filter. With surfactant, acid washing was 95% complete after 40 min.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

scholarly journals The impact of point defects in n-type GaN layers on thermal decomposition of InGaN/GaN QWs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Grabowski ◽  
Ewa Grzanka ◽  
Szymon Grzanka ◽  
Artur Lachowski ◽  
Julita Smalc-Koziorowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Helium Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ingan Quantum Wells

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to give an experimental evidence that point defects (most probably gallium vacancies) induce decomposition of InGaN quantum wells (QWs) at high temperatures. In the experiment performed, we implanted GaN:Si/sapphire substrates with helium ions in order to introduce a high density of point defects. Then, we grew InGaN QWs on such substrates at temperature of 730 °C, what caused elimination of most (but not all) of the implantation-induced point defects expanding the crystal lattice. The InGaN QWs were almost identical to those grown on unimplanted GaN substrates. In the next step of the experiment, we annealed samples grown on unimplanted and implanted GaN at temperatures of 900 °C, 920 °C and 940 °C for half an hour. The samples were examined using Photoluminescence, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. We found out that the decomposition of InGaN QWs started at lower temperatures for the samples grown on the implanted GaN substrates what provides a strong experimental support that point defects play important role in InGaN decomposition at high temperatures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document