scholarly journals Application of Ecological Footprint Accounting as a Part of an Integrated Assessment of Environmental Carrying Capacity: A Case Study of the Footprint of Food of a Large City

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Świąder ◽  
Szymon Szewrański ◽  
Jan Kazak ◽  
Joost van Hoof ◽  
David Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Large City ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Environmental Carrying Capacity ◽  
The City

The increasing rate of urbanization along with its socio-environmental impact are major global challenges. Therefore, there is a need to assess the boundaries to growth for the future development of cities by the inclusion of the assessment of the environmental carrying capacity (ECC) into spatial management. The purpose is to assess the resource dependence of a given entity. ECC is usually assessed based on indicators such as the ecological footprint (EF) and biocapacity (BC). EF is a measure of the biologically productive areas demanded by human consumption and waste production. Such areas include the space needed for regenerating food and fibers as well as sequestering the generated pollution, particularly CO2 from the combustion of fossil fuels. BC reflects the biological regeneration potential of a given area to regenerate resources as well to absorb waste. The city level EF assessment has been applied to urban zones across the world, however, there is a noticeable lack of urban EF assessments in Central Eastern Europe. Therefore, the current research is a first estimate of the EF and BC for the city of Wrocław, Poland. This study estimates the Ecological Footprint of Food (EFF) through both a top-down assessment and a hybrid top-down/bottom-up assessment. Thus, this research verifies also if results from hybrid method could be comparable with top-down approach. The bottom-up component of the hybrid analysis calculated the carbon footprint of food using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The top-down result of Wrocław’s EFF were 1% greater than the hybrid EFF result, 0.974 and 0.963 gha per person respectively. The result indicated that the EFF exceeded the BC of the city of Wrocław 10-fold. Such assessment support efforts to increase resource efficiency and decrease the risk associated with resources—including food security. Therefore, there is a need to verify if a city is able to satisfy the resource needs of its inhabitants while maintaining the natural capital on which they depend intact.

scholarly journals Ecological Footprint and Water Footprint of Taipei

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Yung-Jaan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
High Income ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City

Taiwan suffers from many natural disasters and is vulnerable to climate change. A continuous increase in its ecological footprint (EF) would pose numerous threats to the city. Taipei is Taiwan’s most densely populated city. Whether its citizens are consuming more resources because of their high income and high degree of urbanization, thereby burdening the environment, warrants study. In contrast to most top-down EF analyses, in this study, 445 residents were surveyed to calculate their carbon, built-up land and water footprints. Gender, occupation, age, education level, personal annual income and socio-economic background do not influence water footprint or EF. Moreover, an individual’s water footprint is not correlated with his or her EF. The built-up land footprint that is obtained in this bottom-up study is similar to that in Taiwan’s top-down national footprint account. However, the personal carbon footprint found herein is smaller than that in the national footprint account, because this study asked respondents’ only about consumption related to everyday activities. Since Taipei residents have a high income and high daily consumption, the water footprint herein is larger than the top-down water footprint. This bottom-up EF analysis reflects residents’ daily consumption patterns and can be used in future urban decision-making.

Regional Environmental Capacity Study for Jiaxing City

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 961-964
Author(s):  
Cheng Long He ◽  
Wen Li Liu ◽  
Xin Guo Wu ◽  
Wei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Model Combination ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Environmental Carrying Capacity ◽  
City Construction

Jiaxing is listed experiment city of the national ecological civilization construction in 2012. Correctly understand and evaluate the supply of resources and environmental carrying capacity is an important prerequisite of ecologically-civilized city construction. The article structures emergy ecological footprint model combination emergy analysis theory and ecological footprints model.It can quantitative analysis environmental carrying capacity of Jiaxing through comparing ecological carrying capacity and the ecological footprint occupancy. By empirical study, in the rapid development of Jiaxing economy at the same time, ecological deficit has happened in the regions of Jiaxing, total deficit is 3.15 times of the urban area. It shows that industrial structure adjusting of Jiaxing is in a very stressful situation. From ecological deficit proportion of five counties and two districts in Jiaxing to see, Pinghu constitutes 37.63% and Haiyan constitutes 24.65%，the sum up of two counties (city) is to 62.28%. They are the priority counties of the industry structure adjustment.

Research on Sustainable Development of Ecology Based on Ecological Footprint Theory - Case Study of Liaocheng City in ShanDong Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4119-4122
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Ying Bo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Statistical Yearbook ◽  
The City ◽  
Consumption Demand

Ecological footprint theory is used to evaluate the eco-environmental conditions by calculating the area of regional productive land. The research would estimate the environmental sustainability of the lifestyle of residents in Liaocheng city using the ecological footprint as the indicator of consumption. At first, the related conceptions of ecological footprint will be introduced, then analysis the disparity between consumption demand and available supply on the basis on data from statistical yearbook of Shandong Province in 2011. The result shows that the ecological footprint exceeds 27.9 times of ecological carrying capacity which indicate that the city was in unsustainable situation in 2011.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mobile emissions contributions to Mexico City's emissions inventory using on-road and cross-road emission measurements and ambient data

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 6305-6317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
S. C. Herndon ◽  
E. C. Wood ◽  
T. B. Onasch ◽  
W. B. Knighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Mobile Emissions ◽  
The City ◽  
Road Emission

Abstract. Mobile emissions represent a significant fraction of the total anthropogenic emissions burden in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and, therefore, it is crucial to use top-down techniques informed by on-road exhaust measurements to evaluate and improve traditional bottom-up official emissions inventory (EI) for the city. We present the measurements of on-road fleet-average emission factors obtained using the Aerodyne mobile laboratory in the MCMA in March 2006 as part of the MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 field campaign. A comparison of our on-road emission measurements with those obtained in 2003 using essentially the same measurement techniques and analysis methods indicates that, in the three year span, NO emission factors remain within the measured variability ranges whereas emission factors of aldehydes and aromatics species were reduced for all sampled driving conditions. We use a top-down fuel-based approach to evaluate the mobile emissions from the gasoline fleet estimated in the bottom-up official 2006 MCMA mobile sources. Within the range of measurement uncertainties, we found probable slight overpredictions of mean EI estimates on the order of 20–28% for CO and 14–20% for NO. However, we identify a probable EI discrepancy of VOC mobile emissions between 1.4 and 1.9; although estimated benzene and toluene mobile emissions in the inventory seem to be well within the uncertainties of the corresponding emissions estimates. Aldehydes mobile emissions in the inventory, however, seem to be underpredicted by factors of 3 for HCHO and 2 for CH3CHO. Our on-road measurement-based estimate of annual emissions of organic mass from PM1 particles suggests a severe underprediction (larger than a factor of 4) of PM2.5 mobile emissions in the inventory. Analyses of ambient CO, NOx and CO/NOx concentration trends in the MCMA indicate that the early morning ambient CO/NOx ratio has decreased at a rate of about 1.9 ppm/ppm/year over the last two decades due to reductions in CO levels rather than by NOx. These trends, together with the analysis of fuel sales and fleet size, suggest that the relative contribution of diesel vehicles to overall NOx levels has increased over time in the city. Despite the impressive increase in the size of the vehicle fleet between 2000 and 2006, the early morning ambient concentrations of CO and NOx have not increased accordingly, probably due to the reported low removal rates of older vehicles, which do not have emissions control technologies, and partially due to the much lower emissions from newer gasoline vehicles. This indicates that an emission-based air quality improvement strategy targeting large reductions of emissions from mobile sources should be directed towards a significant increase of the removal rate of older, highly-polluting, vehicles.

scholarly journals Mapping the city scale anthropogenic heat emissions from buildings in Kuala Lumpur through a top-down and a bottom-up approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 103443
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yasemin D. Aktas ◽  
Liora Malki-Epshtein ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Ammar Bin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Pelokalan Hak Asasi Manusia Melalui Partisipasi Publik dalam Kebijakan Berbasis Hak Asasi Manusia

Jurnal HAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sabrina Nadilla
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
The City

Upaya untuk membawa nilai-nilai Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) ke tingkat lokal sudah mencuat sejak 1990-an, melalui berbagai konsep, salah satunya human rights in the city. Konsep tersebut menantang pendekatan HAM yang selama ini hanya terpusat pada negara, sehingga membuka ruang bagi ide bahwa implementasi nilai-nilai HAM harus ditangani oleh berbagai tingkatan pemerintahan, bukan lagi terbatas pada pemerintah pusat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, upaya melokalkan nilai-nilai HAM telah dilakukan melalui berbagai kebijakan hak asasi manusia. Kebijakan tersebut antara lain penghargaan kabupaten/kota peduli HAM yang diselenggarakan oleh Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, dan proyek Kota HAM Bandung. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang berbasis pada studi kasus, analisis dilakukan dengan menerapkan konsep pendekatan hak asasi manusia (human rights-based approach) dalam kebijakan hak asasi manusia. Dalam perspektif pelokalan hak asasi manusia, kebijakan HAM di Kota Bandung menunjukkan beberapa indikasi. Pertama, kebijakan Deklarasi HAM Bandung sebagai suatu kebijakan berbasis hak asasi manusia yang bersifat bottom-up masih belum mampu mendukung upaya pelokalan HAM di kota Bandung. Kedua, kebijakan Penghargaan Kabupaten/Kota Peduli HAM sebagai suatu kebijakan yang bersifat top-down, meskipun mendapatkan respons positif dari pemerintah kota dan instansi vertikal sebagai bagian dari pelaksana kebijakan, tidak mendapatkan legitimasi yang cukup dari masyarakat kota Bandung. 

scholarly journals IN OMNIBUS REGIONIBUS? THE FOURTEEN REGIONS AND THE CITY OF ROME

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 119-150
Author(s):  
Penelope J. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Fire Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Scholarship on the fourteen Augustan regions of Rome has tended to focus on their political and topographical significance. As a result, evidence for their social meaning and their impact on the mindsets and practices of the city's administrators and rulers has been under-exploited. This article seeks to address this lacuna. It begins by reviewing the history of Rome's regions and asking how and where the boundaries of the Augustan regions were recorded, before moving on to consider the impact of the regions on the Romans’ understanding and experiences of their city. This includes examining the evidence for bottom-up social identification with the regions, despite their top-down original creation. The paper also looks at the administrators who worked with the regions (regional magistrates and the food, water and fire services), arguing that the conceptual framework which the regions provided began to shape their working practices. Finally, it demonstrates the existence of a rhetoric of consistent provision across all fourteen regions, propagated especially by the emperors. The findings across all of these areas reveal that it is essential to take the regions and their impact into account when attempting to understand the topography of the city and the lives of its inhabitants.

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