scholarly journals The Historiography of Medieval Monasticism: Perspectives from Northern Europe

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Emilia Jamroziak
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Monastic History

The article provides a thematized discussion of the development of the historiography of European monasticism in northern Europe (north Atlantic, North Sea to the Baltic). Whilst it does not offer a comprehensive overview of the field, it discusses the significance of major currents and models for the development of monastic history to the present day. From focusing on the heritage of history writing “from within”—produced by the members of religious communities in past and modern contexts—it examines key features of the historiography of the history of orders and monastic history paradigms in the context of national and confessional frameworks. The final section of the article provides an overview of the processes or musealization of monastic heritage and the significance of monastic material culture in historical interpretations, both academic and popular.

Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Since prehistoric times, the Baltic Sea has functioned as a northern mare nostrum — a crucial nexus that has shaped the languages, folklore, religions, literature, technology, and identities of the Germanic, Finnic, Sámi, Baltic, and Slavic peoples. This anthology explores the networks among those peoples. The contributions to Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad address different aspects of cultural contacts around and across the Baltic from the perspectives of history, archaeology, linguistics, literary studies, religious studies, and folklore. The introduction offers a general overview of crosscultural contacts in the Baltic Sea region as a framework for contextualizing the volume’s twelve chapters, organized in four sections. The first section concerns geographical conceptions as revealed in Old Norse and in classical texts through place names, terms of direction, and geographical descriptions. The second section discusses the movement of cultural goods and persons in connection with elite mobility, the slave trade, and rune-carving practice. The third section turns to the history of language contacts and influences, using examples of Finnic names in runic inscriptions and Low German loanwords in Finnish. The final section analyzes intercultural connections related to mythology and religion spanning Baltic, Finnic, Germanic, and Sámi cultures. Together these diverse articles present a dynamic picture of this distinctive part of the world.

scholarly journals The relation of Gammarus zaddachi Sexton to some other species of Gammarus occurring in fresh, estuarine and marine waters

1942 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Gammarus Zaddachi ◽  
Estuarine Zone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Baltic

Gammarus zaddachi is perhaps the most prolific and widespread of all the estuarine amphipods known to occur in northern Europe, and inhabiting, as it does, the low-salinity estuarine zone and adjacent coasts, it has come to be recognized in recent ecological work as a ‘salinity indicator’.Unfortunately, there has been constant confusion with the other common species of Gammarus, G. locusta, pulex, and duebeni, which has been greatly complicated by the difference in the appearance of zaddachi according as it lives in a freshwater or a saline habitat. It is shown that this difference is entirely due to the sensory equipment, the greater production of hairs in freshwater conditions, and that the structure of the two ‘forms’ is identical.The history of the species has been carried back as far as I have been able to trace it (1836) with the actual specimens, described in the different papers, and the more important of these papers are discussed. It will be seen that the material examined was derived from every country of northern Europe; from Russia, the White Sea, Crimea, and the Baltic, the coasts of Scandinavia, Germany, including the Hamburg water-supply, Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Ireland, and France as far up the Loire as Nantes.Detailed descriptions and figures of both forms of G. zaddachi are given; and finally, a comparison is made between the species most commonly confused with it, the Arctic species G. wilkitzkii being included because of a suggestion recently made that it might be, not a distinct species, but merely the Arctic form of zaddachi.

Wedge-tailed Eagle

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Chick Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rock Paintings ◽  
Large Predators

Australia’s Wedge-tailed Eagle belongs to the family of eagles, which together span the world. Eagles are powerful predators, with exceptional powers of flight and sight. They may kill to survive, but they also sleep, play, enjoy a bath, make tender parents, and form lasting relationships. This book gives a comprehensive overview of Australia’s largest true eagle and one of the country’s few large predators and scavengers. First appearing in Aboriginal rock-paintings more than 5000 years ago, the Wedge-tailed Eagle was little more than a curiosity to the early European settlers. The book traces the subsequent changes in perception—from its branding as a vicious sheep killer to an iconic species worthy of conservation—and covers distribution, habitat, hunting, relationships, reproduction and chick development. A final section deals with threats to the existence of this magnificent bird. Winner of the 2006 Whitley Award for Best Natural History of an Iconic Species.

History and Its Objects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic History ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Human Need ◽  
History Of

Cultural history is increasingly informed by the history of material culture—the ways in which individuals or entire societies create and relate to objects both mundane and extraordinary—rather than on textual evidence alone. Books such as The Hare with Amber Eyes and A History of the World in 100 Objects indicate the growing popularity of this way of understanding the past. This book uncovers the forgotten origins of our fascination with exploring the past through its artifacts by highlighting the role of antiquarianism—a pursuit ignored and derided by modem academic history—in grasping the significance of material culture. From the efforts of Renaissance antiquarians, who reconstructed life in the ancient world from coins, inscriptions, seals, and other detritus, to amateur historians in the nineteenth century working within burgeoning national traditions, the book connects collecting—whether by individuals or institutions—to the professionalization of the historical profession, one which came to regard its progenitors with skepticism and disdain. The struggle to articulate the value of objects as historical evidence, then, lies at the heart both of academic history writing and of the popular engagement with things. Ultimately, this book demonstrates that our current preoccupation with objects is far from novel and reflects a human need to re-experience the past as a physical presence.

scholarly journals The Genetic History of Northern Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Mittnik ◽  
Chuan-Chao Wang ◽  
Saskia Pfrengle ◽  
Mantas Daubaras ◽  
Gunita Zariņa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
The Baltic

Recent ancient DNA studies have revealed that the genetic history of modern Europeans was shaped by a series of migration and admixture events between deeply diverged groups. While these events are well described in Central and Southern Europe, genetic evidence from Northern Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea is still sparse. Here we report genome-wide DNA data from 24 ancient North Europeans ranging from ~7,500 to 200 calBCE spanning the transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle, as well as the adoption of bronze metallurgy. We show that Scandinavia was settled after the retreat of the glacial ice sheets from a southern and a northern route, and that the first Scandinavian Neolithic farmers derive their ancestry from Anatolia 1000 years earlier than previously demonstrated. The range of Western European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers extended to the east of the Baltic Sea, where these populations persisted without gene-flow from Central European farmers until around 2,900 calBCE when the arrival of steppe pastoralists introduced a major shift in economy and established wide-reaching networks of contact within the Corded Ware Complex.

The Origins of Early Christian Graphic Signs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early History ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Discourse

The first two sections delineate the early history of the nomina sacra, staurogram, and chi-rho, from the late first to third centuries AD as well as relevant early Christian discourse on the symbolic meanings of certain letters and graphic signs, and show how the staurogram and chi-rho developed from utilitarian abbreviation signs into symbolic visual proxies for God and Christological concepts. The next two sections provide an overview of the use of graphic signs as protective seals among various religious communities, with reference to artefacts such as the Bruce Codex and votive leaves from Water Newton, and compare the early usage of more acceptable Christian signs with the concurrent culture of the so-called ‘magical’ characteres. The final section underscores that the early development of Christian graphicacy should be seen in the context of a general predilection for apotropaic graphic devices in the Imperial period, and in late antiquity in particular.

The Oxford Handbook of Popular Music in the Nordic Countries

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Large Area ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
The North ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
History Of

The Nordic countries, a group of countries spanning a large area of northern Europe and the North Atlantic, present unique natural and cultural environments in which popular music has come to play a significant role. Research on the region’s music has largely followed national narratives and ignored more complex geographies and transcultural issues. This first handbook of music in the Nordic countries explores the significance of popular music in the history of the region, with implications for broader debates about the region’s uniqueness and its future. The chapters highlight music’s place in media and tourism industries, in sustaining exotic images of the North, but also in more serious issues such as racism and environmentalism. Many of the chapters show evidence of nationalist and xenophobic responses to emerging transnational to emerging transnational developments. The handbook examines how these dynamics shape music and its place in history, education, and in public performance, from street performances to festivals, and beyond to mass media ceremonial events. The case studies illustrate popular music’s significance in evolving lifestyles, technologies, and institutions in modernity.

scholarly journals 21st International Scientific Conference “St. Petersburg and the Nordic Countries” (St. Petersburg, April 3–4, 2019)

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Владимир Барышников ◽  
Vladimir Baryshnikov ◽  
Валерий Возгрин ◽  
Valeriy Vozgrin ◽  
Никита Козлов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The Baltic

The paper overviews the 21st International Scientific Conference “St. Petersburg and the Nordic Countries”. The spring meeting of Scandinavian researchers has become a traditional event and one of the most reputable conferences in the history of the Nordic countries. The participants of the conference, which embraced five sections, managed to discuss many issues faced by the historical science. The researchers announced their latest developments in the field of source study and historiography of Northern Europe, the socio-economic development of the Scandinavian countries, the political confrontation in the Baltic region and other major issues of the history of Northern Europe.

scholarly journals The inventory of Michael Meyer’s property (1758) as a reflection of a Tallinn (Reval) merchant’s material world during the Age of the Enlightenment

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-512
Author(s):  
Raimo Pullat ◽  
Tõnis Liibek
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Insight Into

The inventory of Tallinn merchant Michael Meyer’s (1704–1758) property is one of the largest inventories of an 18th century citizen of Tallinn. Almost the entire world of his possessions is reflected in this unique source. The inventory provides a comprehensive picture of his success, lifestyle, and hobbies, and the diverse list of household items provides a good idea of a prosperous merchant’s home in northeast Europe in the 18th century. The unique body of sources (Michael Meyer’s will, property inventory, and auction reports) provides comprehensive insight into the development of Tallinn’s material culture, i.e., the material culture history of Northern Europe, during the century of Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Fortified Settlements in the Eastern Baltic: From Earlier Research to New Interpretations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
East European ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
European Forest ◽  
The Baltic

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] A brief history of research and earlier interpretations of fortified settlements east of the Baltic Sea are provided in the first part of the article. The earlier research has resulted in the identification of the main area of the distribution of fortified settlements, the main chronology in the Late Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages, and their general cultural and economic character. It has been thought that the need for protection – either because of outside danger or social tensions in society – was the main reason for the foundation of fortified sites. The second part of the article adds a new possibility of interpreting the phenomenon of fortified settlements, proceeding from ethnogenesis of the Finnic and Baltic peoples. It is argued that new material culture forms that took shape in the Late Bronze Age – including fortified settlements and find assemblages characteristic of them – derived at least partly from a new population arriving in several waves from the East-European Forest Belt.

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