scholarly journals Spin-Orbit Angular Momentum Conversion in Metamaterials and Metasurfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciana Puentes
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Optical Fields ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
And Performance

In the last decades, unprecedented progress in the manipulation of the spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has been achieved, enabling a number of applications, ranging from classical and quantum communication to optical microscopy and super-resolution imaging. Metasurfaces are artificially engineered 2D metamaterials with designed subwavelength-size building blocks, which allow the precise control of optical fields with unparalleled flexibility and performance. The reduced dimensionality of optical metasurfaces enables new physics and leads to functionalities and applications that are remarkably different from those achievable with bulk materials. In this review, we present an overview of the progress in optical metasurfaces for the manipultation of SAM and OAM of light, for applications in integrated spin-orbit conversion (SOC) devices.

scholarly journals Experimental synthesis of partially coherent beam with controllable twist phase and measuring its orbital angular momentum

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyun Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Peng ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Yahong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Coherent Beam ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Partially Coherent ◽  
Twist Factor ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract Twist phase is a nontrivial second-order phase that only exists in a partially coherent beam. Such twist phase endows the partially coherent beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) and has unique applications such as in super-resolution imaging. However, the manipulation and the detection of the twist phase are still far from easy tasks in experiment. In this work, we present a flexible approach to generate a famous class of twisted Gaussian Schell-model (TGSM) beam with controllable twist phase by the superposition of the complex field realizations using a single phase-only spatial light modulator. The precise control of the amplitude and phase of the field realizations allows one to manipulate the strength of the twist phase easily. In addition, we show that the twist factor, a key factor that determines the strength of twist phase and the amount of OAM, can be measured by extracting the real part of the complex degree of coherence of the TGSM beam. The experiment is carried out with the help of the generalized Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment as the generated TGSM beam obeys Gaussian statistics. The flexible control and detection of the twist phase are expected to find applications in coherence and OAM-based ghost imaging.

Super-resolution Imaging of Individual Human Subchromosomal Regions in Situ Reveals Nanoscopic Building Blocks of Higher-Order Structure

ACS Nano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 4909-4918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Fang ◽  
Xuecheng Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Yi Shen ◽  
Jielin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Super Resolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Individual Human

scholarly journals Visualizing and discovering cellular structures with super-resolution microscopy

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6405) ◽  
pp. 880-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron M. Sigal ◽  
Ruobo Zhou ◽  
Xiaowei Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Molecular Building Blocks ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

Super-resolution microscopy has overcome a long-held resolution barrier—the diffraction limit—in light microscopy and enabled visualization of previously invisible molecular details in biological systems. Since their conception, super-resolution imaging methods have continually evolved and can now be used to image cellular structures in three dimensions, multiple colors, and living systems with nanometer-scale resolution. These methods have been applied to answer questions involving the organization, interaction, stoichiometry, and dynamics of individual molecular building blocks and their integration into functional machineries in cells and tissues. In this Review, we provide an overview of super-resolution methods, their state-of-the-art capabilities, and their constantly expanding applications to biology, with a focus on the latter. We will also describe the current technical challenges and future advances anticipated in super-resolution imaging.

scholarly journals Nanobodies: site-specific labeling for super-resolution imaging, rapid epitope-mapping and native protein complex isolation

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Pleiner ◽  
Mark Bates ◽  
Sergei Trakhanov ◽  
Chung-Tien Lee ◽  
Jan Erik Schliep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Single Domain Antibodies

Nanobodies are single-domain antibodies of camelid origin. We generated nanobodies against the vertebrate nuclear pore complex (NPC) and used them in STORM imaging to locate individual NPC proteins with <2 nm epitope-label displacement. For this, we introduced cysteines at specific positions in the nanobody sequence and labeled the resulting proteins with fluorophore-maleimides. As nanobodies are normally stabilized by disulfide-bonded cysteines, this appears counterintuitive. Yet, our analysis showed that this caused no folding problems. Compared to traditional NHS ester-labeling of lysines, the cysteine-maleimide strategy resulted in far less background in fluorescence imaging, it better preserved epitope recognition and it is site-specific. We also devised a rapid epitope-mapping strategy, which relies on crosslinking mass spectrometry and the introduced ectopic cysteines. Finally, we used different anti-nucleoporin nanobodies to purify the major NPC building blocks – each in a single step, with native elution and, as demonstrated, in excellent quality for structural analysis by electron microscopy. The presented strategies are applicable to any nanobody and nanobody-target.

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