scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of a Novel, Magnetic-Driven Tactile Feedback Device

Prosthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Fahad Alshaibani ◽  
Mark S Thompson ◽  
Jeroen HM Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Future Work

The study presented in this paper details the development and experimental testing of a novel, magnetic, tactile feedback device that is able to deliver a stimulus to a patch of skin on the lower arm of a user. The device utilizes magnets to deliver a sensation that is not dependent on controlling specific frequency bands to stimulate the mechanoreceptors, as is the case with vibro-tactile methods. The device was tested on human volunteers to evaluate its ability to induce a response from the user through the magnetic interface. The study aims to quantify the ability of the user to sense the stimulus by analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and delay in response under different experimental conditions. Three different speeds and two different distances were explored for the magnetic interface. A two-way, repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc analysis was performed for the percentage of correct responses, delay in response time, and area under the curve (AUC) of the obtained ROCs. The results showed that the different conditions had a significant effect on the number of correct responses and the AUC, but not on the delay. The magnetic interface thus needs to be optimized across different parameters to deliver the best detectable stimulus to the user. Future work includes further development of the device and working towards a comparative trial with other tactile feedback approaches.

scholarly journals Tasks of Attention Augment Rigidity in Mild Parkinson Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan A. Mendon¸a ◽  
Mandar S. Jog
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Foot Tapping ◽  
Anatomic Basis ◽  
Attentional Tasks ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hand Opening

Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether tasks involving effortful attention would cause augmentation of rigidity in patients with mild Parkinson disease.Methods:In 17 subjects with mild Parkinson disease, rigidity in a single arm was assessed during various experimental conditions by a blinded movement disorders neurologist. Rigidity was scored separately at the wrist and the elbow using an ordinal scale. In three of the conditions, sustained attention was directed toward visual, auditory or movement-related stimuli. Two varieties of Froment maneuver served as positive controls: contralateral hand opening-closing or ipsilateral foot tapping. In addition, rigidity was assessed twice with subjects resting. The examiner was unaware of the sequence of experimental conditions and this was changed for each subject. Mean rigidity scores for the various experimental conditions were compared against the baseline state (an average of both trials with the patient resting) using a repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.Results:Rigidity was significantly increased from baseline with each of the attentional tasks (p <0.01 to p <0.001) and also with the two Froment maneuvers (p <0.001). Rigidity augmentation with contralateral hand opening-closing was significantly greater than with any of the attentional tasks (p <0.05 to p <0.001).Conclusion:Tasks of effortful attention did appear to augment rigidity in patients with mild Parkinson disease. We speculate that the greater augmentation seen with the Froment maneuver could have an anatomic basis.

scholarly journals Efectos agudos de distintas estrategias de calentamiento sobre el rendimiento físico y las habilidades motrices en escolares (Acute effects of different warm-up strategies on physical performance and motor skills in schoolchildren)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez ◽  
Alexander Schweppe-Villa ◽  
Aarón Parra-Gatica ◽  
Falú Cid-Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

  El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar los efectos de distintos tipos de calentamientos aplicados en escolares sobre la calidad de movimiento de las habilidades motrices y el rendimiento de salto y carrera. La metodología utilizada fue a partir de un diseño estudio cruzado aleatorizado (n=27 escolares), que incluyó tres condiciones experimentales para valorar el efecto agudo de distintos tipos de calentamiento (tradicional, basado en juegos adaptados reducidos y FIFA 11+) sobre el salto vertical, sprint en 20 metros y habilidades motoras de locomoción y control de objetos en niños y niñas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparativa a través de ANOVA de medidas repetidas y Friedman con sus pruebas post-hoc según corresponda. Los resultados muestran que todos los tipos de calentamiento mostraron diferencias significativas en sprint, salto vertical y habilidades motoras, respecto al a la condición control sin calentamiento. El calentamiento basado en juegos adaptados reducidos presentó efectos superiores que las otras modalidades en las habilidades motoras de locomoción (p< .05). Las comparaciones entre calentamientos mostraron que la intervención basada en FIFA 11+ mostró ser más eficaz en reducir el tiempo de sprint en 20 metros y aumentar la altura del salto vertical (p< .05). En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que, la selección de una estrategia adecuada basada en una diversidad de experiencias motrices como las ofrecidas por los protocolos de calentamiento FIFA11+ y de juegos adaptados reducidos podría ser clave para mejorar el rendimiento motor y la magnitud de los beneficios asociados al calentamiento.  Abstract: The objective of this research is to assess the effects of different types of warm-ups applied in schoolchildren on the quality of movement of motor skills and jumping and sprint performance. The methodology used was based on a randomized crossover study design (n = 27 schoolchildren), which included three experimental conditions to assess the acute effect of different types of warm-up (traditional, based on reduced adapted games and FIFA 11+) on the vertical jump, sprint in 20 meters and motor skills of locomotion and control of objects in children. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used through repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman with its post-hoc tests as appropriate. The results show that all types of warm-up showed significant differences in sprint, vertical jump and motor skills, compared to the control condition without warm-up. The warm-up based on reduced adapted games presented greater effects than the other modalities on the motor skills of locomotion (p <.05). Comparisons between warm-ups showed that the intervention based on FIFA 11+ was shown to be more effective in reducing sprint time by 20 meters and increasing vertical jump height (p <.05).  In conclusion, this study suggests that the selection of an appropriate strategy based on a diversity of motor experiences such as those offered by the FIFA11 + warm-up protocols and reduced adapted games could be key to improving motor performance and the magnitude of the benefits associated with warm-up.

scholarly journals Topical 1% Nalbuphine on corneal sensivity and epitheilization after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ladino Silva ◽  
Dunia Yisela Trujillo Piso ◽  
Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Jose Luiz Laus
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State University ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Animal Care

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of topical 1% nalbuphine on corneal sensitivity and re-epithelialization, after lamellar keratectomy in rabbits. All protocols were approved by the Animal Care Comission of São Paulo State University (Protocol 028793-08) and were conducted in accordance with the Institutional Animal Committee and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) statement for the use of animals in research. Surgeries were performed on the left eye (Nalbuphine Group) and on the right eye (Control Group). Two groups were formed (n=10) and corneas received either 30µl of 1% nalbuphine (NG) or 30µl of 0,9% saline (CG). Treatments occurred at 7, 11, 15 and 19 hours. After the surgery, the corneas were stained with fluorescein and photographed daily; corneal touch threshold (CTT) was assessed with Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, at 7 and 19 hours, 20 minutes after treatments. Data were statistically compared with repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test, and T test (P<0.05). Average ±SD time for corneal re-epithelialization was 7.40±0.47 days (NG) and 8.90±0.31 days (CG) (P=0.11). The results showed that the diameter of the keratectomized area and CTT did not change significantly between both groups (P>0.05); however, a higher area under the curve for both parameters was observed in the NG (2771), in comparison to CG (2164). Topical 1% nalbuphine did not change significantly corneal sensitivity and re-epithelialization, after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits.

Plantar Pressures During Level Walking Compared with Other Ambulatory Activities

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Lundeen ◽  
Kurt Lundquist ◽  
Mark W. Cornwall ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
Ambulatory Activities ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was designed to determine the magnitude of plantar pressures during level walking in comparison to other activities. These activities included climbing up stairs, going down stairs, a simple pivot while walking, and a crossover pivot while walking in normal individuals. Twelve volunteers, six men and six women, mean age 28 years, served as subjects. Data were collected on the dominant foot with an EMED-SF pressure sensor platform as each subject walked barefoot and did each of the five activities. Maximum plantar pressure (MPP) and pressure-time integral (PTI) was found in the metatarsal and heel regions. The results of repeated-measures analysis of variance tests showed that the five experimental conditions were statistically different for both MPP and PTI in the metatarsal and heel regions. Post hoc analysis indicated that MPP and PTI were decreased during the going down stairs condition in the heel and increased during the crossover pivot while walking and pivot while walking conditions for the metatarsal region.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Postprandial Exercise Types on Glucose Response to Breakfast in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Alessio Bellini ◽  
Andrea Nicolò ◽  
Rocco Bulzomì ◽  
Ilenia Bazzucchi ◽  
Massimo Sacchetti
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Response

Postprandial exercise represents an important tool for improving the glycemic response to a meal. This study evaluates the effects of the combination and sequence of different exercise types on the postprandial glycemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this repeated-measures crossover study, eight patients with type 2 diabetes performed five experimental conditions in a randomized order: (i) uninterrupted sitting (CON); (ii) 30 min of moderate intensity aerobic exercise (walking) (A); (iii) 30 min of combined aerobic and resistance exercise (AR); (iv) 30 min of combined resistance and aerobic exercise (RA); and (v) 15 min of resistance exercise (R). All the exercise sessions started 30 min after the beginning of a standardized breakfast. All the exercise conditions showed a significant attenuation of the post-meal glycemic excursion (P < 0.003) and the glucose incremental area under the curve at 0–120 min (P < 0.028) and 0–180 min (P < 0.048) compared with CON. A greater reduction in the glycemic peak was observed in A and AR compared to RA (P < 0.02). All the exercise types improved the post-meal glycemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes, with greater benefits when walking was performed alone or before resistance exercise.

Effects of Hue, Value, and Chroma on College Students' Preferences for Apparel and Upholstery Fabrics

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna J. Radeloff
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

To investigate the effects of hue, value, and chroma on college students' color preferences for apparel and upholstery fabrics, experimental conditions were established for evaluation of coded fabric swatches by 118 college students. On a repeated-measures analysis of variance, significant differences were noted among all variables for both conditions. From post hoc tests summer and winter hue categories did not differ for apparel but did for upholstery. Conversely, spring and autumn hue categories did not differ for upholstery but did for apparel. Cool hues were preferred over warm hues for apparel and upholstery. There was no consistent preference for value for apparel and upholstery. For chroma, dull colors were preferred significantly for both apparel and upholstery. Of 20 sets of matched fabrics, only five color preferences for apparel and upholstery fabrics were not significantly different. Overall, color preferences were not equivalent for apparel and for upholstery.

Jendrassik Maneuver Facilitates cVEMP Amplitude: Some Preliminary Observations

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Lauren Roberts ◽  
Anthony T. Cacace
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Jendrassik Maneuver

Background: The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) is an acoustically driven electrophysiological measure of saccular and inferior nerve function that requires tonic sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) activity in order to be elicited. The cVEMP is gaining increased interest in the clinical and research communities based on the anatomical specificity it adds to vestibular test batteries, because it is noninvasive, and since it can be performed with instrumentation commonly found in audiology clinics worldwide. Purpose: Because maintaining a constant level of tonic background electromyography (EMG) over the entire course of the recording epoch is a requirement for response elicitation, active participation for some individuals including the elderly and those with cervical problems can be difficult. As a way to facilitate the response for some clinical populations, this study addressed whether cVEMPs could be modulated by remote or local changes in EMG related neural activity by applying various maneuvers during the course of the recording epoch. Research Design: Keeping acoustic stimulation and recording parameters constant, three separate experimental conditions, Jendrassik maneuver, jaw (teeth) clenching, and forced-eye closure, were used to determine whether cVEMP amplitudes could be enhanced from the control condition. Study Sample: Nine adults (2 males; 7 females) ranging in age from 24 to 42 yr with normal pure-tone hearing sensitivity and a negative history of otological disease, neurological disease, and head trauma. Data Collection and Analysis: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were recorded from the SCM using surface electrodes in response to suprathreshold 500 Hz Blackman windowed tone bursts under a control and three experimental conditions. Three separate one-way repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to evaluate the effects of these maneuvers on P1/N1 peak-to-peak amplitudes and P1 and N1 peak latencies. Results: A significant main effect of experimental condition was shown to increase P1/N1 peak-to-peak cVEMP amplitude. Post hoc analysis found that Jendrassik maneuver versus control was the only the condition that produced significantly increased response amplitudes in comparison to all other post hoc contrasts. P1 and N1 peak latencies were unchanged across the various experimental conditions. Conclusions: In adults with normal hearing sensitivity and a negative history of otological disease, neurological disease, and head trauma, Jendrassik maneuver increased cVEMP amplitude by over 39% in comparison to the control condition. Such a simple modulation effect warrants further investigation for application in clinical studies.

scholarly journals Instant Coffee Acutely Affects Glucose Tolerance in University Students: Early Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 462-462
Author(s):  
Tessa Rowlands ◽  
Laura Danhoff ◽  
Bryce Gainer ◽  
Kevin Dolan ◽  
Natasha Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Objectives Coffee has been shown to enhance glucose disposal in middle-aged insulin-resistant subjects but less research has been done on healthy university students. We hypothesized that acute glucose disposal effects will be: Decaffeinated coffee &gt; regular coffee &gt; water in this population. Methods Healthy participants (N = 10, 18–35 y, HbA1c = 5.2%) of varied habitual coffee intakes were free of glycemia-affecting medications and were recreationally active. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, each pre-breakfast participant consumed Starbucks Via® decaffeinated instant coffee (DCF), an identically tasting regular instant coffee (VIA), or water (WTR, unblinded) over 25 minutes. Subsequently, 48 g carbohydrate was provided as four pieces of commercial white bread. Whole blood glucose measures were taken in duplicate each 30 min. for two hours. Results For glucose concentrations (mg/dl), a 3 × 5 repeated measures factorial ANOVA revealed a non-significant trend in the statistical interaction (P ≤ 0.10), with DCF quantitatively increasing the most at 30 minutes (150.4 ± 21.4 mg/dl) compared to VIA (137.3 ± 17.7 mg/dl) and WTR (140.2 ± 16.3 mg/dl). This peak was followed by the steepest quantitative decline for DCF in the second half of testing. (The non-significant interaction prevented post hoc statistical analyses). More robustly, an interaction (P ≤ 0.05) during incremental area under the curve analysis (AUC, mg/dl * min), when followed up by SNK post hoc testing, revealed that the peak AUC for DCF at 30–60 min. was 14.4% above baseline (P ≤ 0.05) and declined significantly at both the 60–90 segment and the 90–120 min segment (both P ≤ 0.05). VIA induced an AUC peak at 30–60 min. 17.1% above baseline (P ≤ 0.05) with a less-steep decline by the 60–90 min. segment (NS) and the 90–120 min. segment (P ≤ 0.05). Comparatively, the WTR AUC peak of 15.6% did not decline significantly in later stages of the OGTT (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions These early data support the hypothesis, suggesting instant coffees, both decaffeinated and regularly caffeinated, cause a mild but observably greater glucose disposal compared to water during the late stages of an OGTT in young, healthy participants. Future research should include insulin measures to elucidate the benefits of coffee on glycemia in university students. Funding Sources University of Mount Union Inter-Science Research Club.

Evaluation of Acoustic Analyses of Voice in Nonoptimized Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3991-3999
Author(s):  
Benjamin van der Woerd ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Vijay Parsa ◽  
Philip C. Doyle ◽  
Kevin Fung
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Recording Conditions ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity and accuracy of a smartphone microphone and recording environment on acoustic measurements of voice. Method A prospective cohort proof-of-concept study. Two sets of prerecorded samples (a) sustained vowels (/a/) and (b) Rainbow Passage sentence were played for recording via the internal iPhone microphone and the Blue Yeti USB microphone in two recording environments: a sound-treated booth and quiet office setting. Recordings were presented using a calibrated mannequin speaker with a fixed signal intensity (69 dBA), at a fixed distance (15 in.). Each set of recordings (iPhone—audio booth, Blue Yeti—audio booth, iPhone—office, and Blue Yeti—office), was time-windowed to ensure the same signal was evaluated for each condition. Acoustic measures of voice including fundamental frequency ( f o ), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), were generated using a widely used analysis program (Praat Version 6.0.50). The data gathered were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Two separate data sets were used. The set of vowel samples included both pathologic ( n = 10) and normal ( n = 10), male ( n = 5) and female ( n = 15) speakers. The set of sentence stimuli ranged in perceived voice quality from normal to severely disordered with an equal number of male ( n = 12) and female ( n = 12) speakers evaluated. Results The vowel analyses indicated that the jitter, shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on microphone choice and shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on the recording environment. Analysis of sentences revealed a statistically significant impact of recording environment and microphone type on HNR and CPP. While statistically significant, the differences across the experimental conditions for a subset of the acoustic measures (viz., jitter and CPP) have shown differences that fell within their respective normative ranges. Conclusions Both microphone and recording setting resulted in significant differences across several acoustic measurements. However, a subset of the acoustic measures that were statistically significant across the recording conditions showed small overall differences that are unlikely to have clinical significance in interpretation. For these acoustic measures, the present data suggest that, although a sound-treated setting is ideal for voice sample collection, a smartphone microphone can capture acceptable recordings for acoustic signal analysis.

scholarly journals Accuracy of emergency physicians’ self-estimates of CT scan utilization and its potential effect on an audit and feedback intervention: a randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Larkin ◽  
Alexandra M. Sanseverino ◽  
James Joseph ◽  
Lauren Eisenhauer ◽  
Martin A. Reznek
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Feedback Intervention ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Ct Utilization

Abstract Background Audit and feedback (A&F) has been used as a strategy to modify clinician behavior with moderate success. Although A&F is theorized to work by improving the accuracy of clinicians’ estimates of their own behavior, few interventions have included assessment of clinicians’ estimates at baseline to examine whether they account for intervention success or failure. We tested an A&F intervention to reduce computed tomography (CT) ordering by emergency physicians, while also examining the physicians’ baseline estimates of their own behavior compared to peers. Methods Our study was a prospective, multi-site, 20-month, randomized trial to examine the effect of an A&F intervention on CT ordering rates, overall and by test subtype. From the electronic health record, we obtained 12 months of baseline CT ordering per 100 patients treated for every physician from four emergency departments. Those who were randomized to receive A&F were shown a de-identified graph of the group’s baseline CT utilization, asked to estimate wherein the distribution of their own CT order practices fell, and then shown their actual performance. All participants also received a brief educational intervention. CT ordering rates were collected for all physicians for 6 months after the intervention. Pre-post ordering rates were compared using independent and repeated measures t tests. Results Fifty-one of 52 eligible physicians participated. The mean CT ordering rate increased significantly in both experimental conditions after the intervention (intervention pre = 35.7, post = 40.3, t = 4.13, p < 0.001; control pre = 33.9, post = 38.9, t = 3.94, p = 0.001), with no significant between-group difference observed at follow-up (t = 0.43, p = 0.67). Within the intervention group, physicians had poor accuracy in estimating their own ordering behavior at baseline: most overestimated and all guessed that they were in the upper half of the distribution of their peers. CT ordering increased regardless of self-estimate accuracy. Conclusions Our A&F intervention failed to reduce physician CT ordering: our feedback to the physicians showed most of them that they had overestimated their CT ordering behavior, and they were therefore unlikely to reduce it as a result. After “audit,” it may be prudent to assess baseline clinician awareness of behavior before moving toward a feedback intervention.

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