scholarly journals The Effect of Different Postprandial Exercise Types on Glucose Response to Breakfast in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Alessio Bellini ◽  
Andrea Nicolò ◽  
Rocco Bulzomì ◽  
Ilenia Bazzucchi ◽  
Massimo Sacchetti
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Response

Postprandial exercise represents an important tool for improving the glycemic response to a meal. This study evaluates the effects of the combination and sequence of different exercise types on the postprandial glycemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this repeated-measures crossover study, eight patients with type 2 diabetes performed five experimental conditions in a randomized order: (i) uninterrupted sitting (CON); (ii) 30 min of moderate intensity aerobic exercise (walking) (A); (iii) 30 min of combined aerobic and resistance exercise (AR); (iv) 30 min of combined resistance and aerobic exercise (RA); and (v) 15 min of resistance exercise (R). All the exercise sessions started 30 min after the beginning of a standardized breakfast. All the exercise conditions showed a significant attenuation of the post-meal glycemic excursion (P < 0.003) and the glucose incremental area under the curve at 0–120 min (P < 0.028) and 0–180 min (P < 0.048) compared with CON. A greater reduction in the glycemic peak was observed in A and AR compared to RA (P < 0.02). All the exercise types improved the post-meal glycemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes, with greater benefits when walking was performed alone or before resistance exercise.

Glycemic response varies between resistance and aerobic exercise in inactive males with long-term type 2 diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 900-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Gordon ◽  
Stephen R. Bird ◽  
Richard J. MacIsaac ◽  
Amanda C. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Term Type

The glycemic response to aerobic exercise is well understood; however, the response to resistance exercise is not. Eight inactive males (61.0 ± 7.2 years) with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes randomly completed single sessions of whole-body resistance exercise or cycling, 7 days apart. There were different 24-h glucose responses (p < 0.001) between the resistance exercise and the aerobic exercise, with short-term (24-h) impairment of glycemic control following the resistance exercise (p = 0.004). Cycling did not reduce glucose concentrations (p > 0.05), which contrasts with previous findings.

scholarly journals High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua E. McGee ◽  
Savanna G. Barefoot ◽  
Nicole R. Gniewek ◽  
Patricia M. Brophy ◽  
Angela Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Abstract Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared to Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians. Numerous studies in Caucasian populations suggest vigorous exercise intensity may promote greater improvements in CRF and other type 2 diabetes risk factors (e.g. reduction of glucose/insulin levels, pulse wave velocity, body fat, etc.) than moderate intensity. However, current evidence comparing health benefits of different aerobic exercise intensities on type 2 diabetes risk factors in African Americans is negligible. This is clinically important as African Americans have a greater risk for type 2 diabetes and are less likely to meet public health recommendations for physical activity than Caucasians. The purpose of the High-Intensity exercise to Promote Accelerated improvements in CardiorEspiratory fitness (HI-PACE) study is to evaluate whether high-intensity aerobic exercise elicits greater improvements in CRF, insulin action, and arterial stiffness than moderate-intensity exercise in African Americans. Methods/Design­ A randomized controlled trial will be performed on overweight and obese (body mass index: 25-45 kg/m2) African Americans (35-65 years) (n=60). Participants will be randomized to moderate-intensity (MOD-INT) or high-intensity (HIGH-INT) aerobic exercise training, or a non-exercise control group (CON) for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise will be performed at a heart rate associated with 45-55% and 70-80% of VO2 max in the MOD-INT and the HIGH-INT groups, respectively, for an exercise dose of 600 MET-minutes/week (consistent with public health recommendations). The primary outcome is change in CRF. Secondary outcomes include change in insulin sensitivity (measured via an intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via near infrared spectroscopy), skeletal muscle measurements (i.e. citrate synthase, COX IV, GLUT-4, CPT-1, PGC1-α), arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), body fat, C-reactive protein, and psychological outcomes (quality of life/exercise enjoyment). Discussion The anticipated results of the HI-PACE study will provide vital information on the health effects of high-intensity exercise in African Americans. This study will advance health disparity research and has the potential to influence future public health guidelines for physical activity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02892331. Registered on 8 September 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02892331

scholarly journals Twenty Minute Moderate-Intensity Post-Dinner Exercise Reduces the Postprandial Glucose Response in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 7170-7177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yun Hu ◽  
Rengna Yan ◽  
Huiqin Li ◽  
Danfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glucose Response

scholarly journals Effectiveness of resistance exercise compared to aerobic exercise without insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cybelle Nery ◽  
Silvia Regina Arruda De Moraes ◽  
Karyne Albino Novaes ◽  
Márcio Almeida Bezerra ◽  
Patrícia Verçoza De Castro Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals PO-221 Effects of different motor functional therapies on cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group

Objective The clinical manifestations of diabetic cognitive dysfunction are decreased visual spatial ability, executive dysfunction, mental activity speed and attention, and decreased abstract logical reasoning. Cognitive dysfunction is irreversible. Timely and accurate assessment and diagnosis, early detection and intervention to delay disease progression are particularly critical. The Cognitive Assessment Scale plays an important role in screening for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. To observe the effects of motor functional therapy on cognitive impairment and blood glucose, blood lipids, body weight, body composition, and maximal oxygen uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 63 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chengdu community aged ≥65 years and educated for ≥12 years were enrolled in the motor function therapy group according to the simple mental state examination (MMSE) score (diabetes cognitive impairment, MMSE total score) ≥ 20 points, aerobic exercise group, n = 21) and functional function therapy group (diabetes cognitive impairment, MMSE total score ≥ 20 points, resistance exercise group, n = 21). The adult community of diabetes in Chengdu (normal cognitive function) with age ≥ 65 years, education time ≥ 12 years, and MMSE total score ≥ 24 points was used as the control group (n=21). Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MOCA): MOCA is an assessment tool developed by Nasreddine and clinically proven to be used for rapid screening of MCI. There were no statistical differences in baseline data (age, gender, and hypertension incidence) among the 3 groups of patients. The LOTCA scale was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the subjects and to compare between groups. Sixty-three patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into aerobic exercise intensity group (50% VO2max) (n=21), resistance exercise intensity group and control group (n=21). Both the aerobic exercise group and the resistance exercise group underwent a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise three times a week. The resistance middle strength group was trained 2 groups each time, each group was 25 minutes, the group rested for 5 minutes, 55 minutes in total, and the aerobic medium intensity group continued to exercise for 55 minutes. All patients underwent fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), body weight, and fat weight (FW) before and after training. , lean body mass (LBM), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) determination; measure the energy expenditure of word movement and the total energy expenditure of the entire exercise process. Results There were no significant differences among the three groups before the test (P>0.05). All the indexes of the medium-intensity resistance exercise group and the medium-intensity aerobic exercise group were significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). After the MOCA score test There was an improvement in the score before the trial, and the total score of LOTCA was significantly different among the three groups. In addition to perceptual sub-items (item identification), the aerobic exercise group and the resistance exercise group LOTCA scale in perceptual sub-projects (incomplete object recognition), visual motion organization and its sub-projects (copying two-dimensional graphics, building blocks) The design and puzzle) project scores were higher than before the test, close to the control group score. The scores of the two groups of exercise therapy in the thinking operation and its sub-projects (Riska organized shape classification, picture arrangement B and geometric reasoning) and attention-focused items were lower than the control group. Compared with the resistance exercise, there was a significant difference in the maximum oxygen uptake between aerobic exercise and resistance exercise (P<0.05). Compared with the total exercise energy consumption in the first 6 weeks, the aerobic exercise group was superior to the resistance exercise group. The total exercise energy expenditure was compared in the last 6 weeks, and the resistance exercise group was superior to the aerobic exercise group. Conclusions Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes may have cognitive impairment earlier. In the absence of differences in exercise, the aerobic exercise group and the resistance exercise group improve cognitive impairment, blood sugar, blood fat, body weight, and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is no significant difference. Compared with MMSE, LOTCA has the advantage of identifying early cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and distinguishing the severity of the damage.  

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Exercises on Peripheral Neuropathy Sensation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Laode Saltar ◽  
Junaiti Sahar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Foot Sensation

Background - The most common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes is peripheral neuropathy. Physical exercise is one of the effective Prevention and treatment strategies of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. Aims and objectives - The aim of this review articles is to describe the effectiveness of physical exercise on peripheral neuropathy sensation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods - A number of databases such as Science Direct, Springer Link, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as “type 2 diabetes”, AND “peripheral neuropathy sensation” OR “diabetes peripheral neuropathy" AND “physical exercises” OR “aerobic exercises” OR “resistance exercise”. All types of articles were included for the study, such as systematic reviews, randomized controlled trial, quasi-experiment, literature review, and pilot study with the range 2015-2020. Only articles in English are included in this review. Results - Of the 11 articles found, 9 articles showed that physical exercise had a direct effect on improving foot sensation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients, while the other 2 articles had an indirect effect on improving symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Four types of physical exercise that are practiced in interventions are: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, balance and flexibility exercise and a combination of two or more types of exercise. Physical exercise from low to moderate intensity has a positive effect on increasing foot sensation in patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions – This review emphasizes the effect of physical exercise on peripheral neuropathic sensation in type 2 DM patients and strengthens the evidence that low and moderate-intensity exercise are beneficial to reduce peripheral neuropathy symptoms. Further research on the effectiveness of home and community-based physical exercise to reduce symptoms of peripheral neuropathy is necessary.

Resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise combined with metformin therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12-week comparative clinical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Study Program

Backgrounds: Both exercise and metformin are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while no previous studies have investigated the effect of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients Methods: Fifty-seven T2DM patients with a mean age of 46.2±8.3 years were randomized to three study groups, each group included nineteen patients. The first group conducted a resistance exercise program (REP, 50-60% of 1RM, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, the second group conducted an aerobic exercise program (AEP, 50-70% maxHR, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, and the third group received only metformin without exercise intervention (Met group). The study program was conducted trice weekly for executive twelve weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were evaluated before and after study intervention. Results: Significant differences were reported after the 12-week intervention inter-groups in the outcome variables (p˂0.05). FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max improved significantly in REP group (p˂0.001) and also in the AEP group (p=0.016, p=0.036, p=0.024, and p=0.019 respectively) while the Met group showed only significant reduction in FBG (p=0.049), and non-significant changes in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max (p˃0.05). REP group achieved greater improvements than AEP group (FBG, p=0.034; HbA1c%, p=0.002; HOMA-IR, p˂0.001; and VO2max, p=0.024). Conclusions: Both resistance and aerobic exercise programs combined with metformin are effective in controlling T2DM. Resistance exercise combined with metformin is more effective than aerobic exercise combined with metformin in the treatment of T2DM.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Costa Melo ◽  
Jaime Dativo-Medeiros ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Menezes-Silva ◽  
Fabiano Timbó Barbosa ◽  
Célio Fernando de Sousa-Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Scientific findings showed that physical exercise is an option for treatment of these patients. This study’s objective is to investigate the effects of supervised aerobic and/or resistance physical training on inflammatory markers in subjects with T2DM.Methods. A systematic review was conducted on four databases, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS, and Scopus, and manual search from 21 to 30 November 2016. Randomized clinical trials involving individuals diagnosed with T2DM, who have undergone supervised training protocols, were selected in this study.Results. Eleven studies were included. Studies that evaluated control group versus aerobic exercise reported controversial results about the effectiveness of physical training in modifying C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine levels. The only variable analyzed by the six studies in comparison to the control group versus resistance exercise was CRP. This protein showed no significant difference between groups. Between the two modes of exercise (aerobic and resistance), only one study demonstrated that aerobic exercise was more effective in reducing CRP.Conclusion. The evidence was insufficient to prove that aerobic or resistance exercise improves systemic levels of inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Managing free-living hyperglycemia with exercise or interrupted sitting in type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Blankenship ◽  
Stuart R. Chipkin ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
John Staudenmayer ◽  
Kate Lyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Confounding Variables

Breaking up sitting with light physical activity (PA) is effective in reducing hyperglycemia in the laboratory. Whether the same effects are observed in the free-living environment remains unknown. We evaluated how daily and postprandial glycemia is impacted by 20, 40, or 60 min of activity performed as either breaks from sitting after each meal (BR) or as one continuous walk after breakfast (WALK). Thirty individuals with type 2 diabetes completed three experimental conditions [BR, WALK, and control (CON)] in a randomized crossover design. Conditions were performed in a free-living environment with strict dietary control over 7 days. Participants increased PA in BR and WALK by 20, 40, or 60 min ( n = 10 in each group) and maintained habitual levels of PA during CON. A continuous glucose monitor (iPro2) and activPAL activity monitor were worn to quantify glycemic control and PA. Using linear mixed models with repeated measures, we 1) compared postprandial glucose (PPG) across conditions and 2) assessed the relationship between activity volume and glucose responses. Whereas WALK tended to shorten the daily duration of hyperglycemia compared with CON ( P = 0.0875), BR was not different from CON. BR and WALK significantly attenuated the breakfast PPG versus CON ( P ≤ 0.05), but lunch and dinner PPG were unaffected by BR and WALK. In conclusion, continuous walking was more effective than breaks from sitting in lowering daily hyperglycemia for the group, but both conditions lowered breakfast PPG. In contrast to tightly controlled laboratory studies, breaks from sitting did not lower hyperglycemia in the free-living environment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our “ecolabical” approach is new and noteworthy. This approach combines the external validity of the free-living environment (ecological) with the control of key confounding variables in the laboratory and allows for highly translatable findings by minimizing confounding variables. We found that both postmeal continuous walking and short breaks from sitting similarly attenuated the postprandial glucose (PPG) response to breakfast. Unlike previous laboratory studies, neither condition (walk after breakfast or postmeal breaks) significantly impacted PPG at lunch or dinner.

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