scholarly journals Analysis of the Solar Collectors Installation on a Roof of the Small Public Building in Poland, Lithuania and Spain—A Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Mirosław Żukowski ◽  
Antonio Rodero ◽  
Ruta Bilinskiene
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Solar Collectors

A solar collector market is most European countries is at the stage of continuous development, however its expansion rate differs. It shows that much more factors than only the local solar radiation is important, including a technology progress, costs, local manufactures’ engagement, an economic government support or an environmentally consciousness raising relevant to a mitigating climate change. We conducted the analysis for a public office building, with a few toilets and a social room, used by 54 people. As a primary heat source for HVAC and DHW systems an oil boiler was used, whereas solar collectors were considered as an energy source for hot water preparation. The analysis was conducted for three locations of the building: Bialystok (Poland), Cordoba (Spain) and Kaunas (Lithuania), using a simulation software delivered within the framework of VIPSKILLS project. Theoretical hot water consumption was considered as 3–7 dm3/(day person) in compliance with national recommendations. It was found that beam solar radiation share in a total radiation balance was nearly twice higher in Cordoba than in Bialystok or Kaunas. The highest efficiency (44%) was estimated in Cordoba for solar collectors installed with the tilt angle between 45–50°. In case of Bialystok and Kaunas the efficiency was lower than in Cordoba and nearly equal 40–41% and the recommended tilt angle was in a range 30– 45°.

The Effect of Local Meteorological Conditions on the Optimal Tilt Angle of a Solar Energy Collector—A Case Study in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Myhan ◽  
Jacek Bieranowski ◽  
Zbigniew Szwejkowski ◽  
Eliza Sitnik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

This study compares the potential annual energy absorption of a flat-plate solar collector at different tilt angles in Poland. Optimal tilt angles were tested in three variants: over the course of the year, in fall/winter and in spring/summer. The results were compared with automatically tracked collectors where the active surface is perpendicular to the angle at which solar radiation reaches the collector. The results were simulated based on the meteorological data. A comparison of the energy outputs of solar collectors in optimization variants 1, 2, and 3 indicates that variant 1 produces the highest energy output.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HEAT SUPPLY INSTALLATION AS AN OBJECT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND AUTOMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
S. HORIASHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
Yu. KRAVCHIK ◽  
O. PIDGORNYI ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Efficient Operation

Solar energy is widely used in cases where the inaccessibility of other energy sources in combination with a sufficient amount of solar radiation justifies it economically. With the help of a system of solar collectors, you can significantly reduce energy costs for hot water supply and heating. In addition, the use of this system helps reduce CO2 emissions. The potential of solar energy in Ukraine is quite high. According to the climatic conditions of our region, solar activity is slightly lower than in the southern regions, so the use of flat solar collectors, which use both direct and scattered solar radiation, is effective for our region. The use of heat collectors in the home for water supply and heating of small areas is economically feasible, as it does not require significant costs. Heat supply plants using non-traditional energy sources are promising in terms of fuel savings and reduction of harmful effects on the environment. To increase the service life, economical use of heat and fuel, efficient operation of the installation requires the use of automation. The article considers the development of a mathematical model of a heat supply installation based on a solar collector. For automated control of the heat supply installation, it is necessary to know the properties of this installation as a whole and its individual elements. For this purpose, models of individual elements of the heat supply installation in a linear approximation are considered. The solar collector is conditionally divided into two parts. The model of the ground heat exchanger is developed. Also e battery models and consumer premises. The given matrices of elements of installation of heat supply are united in the uniform system of matrices. The obtained results allow estimating in advance efficiency of their use and economic attractiveness.

scholarly journals Aplicaciones del Captador Solar de Placa Plana y del Captador de Tubo de Vacío en la Edificación = Applications of the Flat Plate Solar Collectors and the Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors in Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ferrández ◽  
Carlos Moron ◽  
Jorge Pablo Díaz ◽  
Pablo Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

ResumenEl actual Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE) pone de manifiesto la necesidad de cubrir parte de la demanda energética requerida para el abastecimiento de agua caliente sanitaria y climatización de piscinas cubiertas mediante sistemas de aprovechamiento de la energía solar térmica. En este artículo se presenta una comparativa entre las dos principales tipologías de captadores solares térmicos que existen en el mercado: el captador de placa plana y el captador de tubo de vacío, atendiendo a criterios de fracción solar, diseño e integración arquitectónica. Todo ello a fin de discernir en qué circunstancias es más favorable el uso de uno u otro sistema, comparando los resultados obtenidos mediante programas de simulación con la toma de medidas in situ.AbstractThe current Technical Building Code (CTE) highlights the need to cover part of the energy demand required for the supply of hot water and heating of indoor swimming pools using solar thermal systems. This article presents a comparison between the two main types of solar thermal collectors that exist in the market: the flat plate solar collector and the vacuum tube solar collector, according to criteria of solar fraction, design and architectural integration. All of this in order to discern in what circumstances the use of one or the other system is more favourable, comparing the results obtained through simulation programs with the taking of measurements in situ.

Research at the Building Research Establishment into the applications of solar collectors for space and water heating in buildings

1980 ◽  
Vol 295 (1414) ◽  
pp. 403-414
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Low Efficiency

A completed study of a solar hot water heating system installed in a school showed an annual average efficiency of 15%, the low efficiency largely caused by the unfavourable pattern of use in schools. Field studies, in 80 existing and 12 new houses, of a simple domestic hot water system have been initiated to ascertain the influence of the occupants on the actual performance of solar collector systems. The development of testing methods of solar collectors and solar water heating systems is being undertaken in close collaboration with the B.S.I. and the E.E.C. Solar space heating is being investigated in two experimental low energy house laboratories, one using conventional solar collectors with interseasonal heat storage and the other a heat pump with an air solar collector. Studies of the cost-effectiveness of solar collector applications to buildings in the U.K. show that they are far less cost-effective than other means of conserving energy in buildings.

Architecture Design of Building Integrated Solar Collector

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 1333-1336
Author(s):  
Yu Fu ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Fei Ying Fu ◽  
Xin Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Hot Water Supply

Solar thermal collector converts solar radiation energy into useful thermal energy and transfers to a transport fluid flowing through the system. The collected energy can be used either direct to space or water heating equipment, or to a thermal storage for later use. Along with fast development, not only domestic hot water supply is needed, but also space heating and cooling are required. Also, limited roof space is another key barrier that should be considered. Furthermore, most of the building integration with solar collectors are mounted on the roof top by flat or tilt angle at present. It is considered to be a failure of low level architectural quality because the collector is used only for application and seems as an independent technical element of the building. With the consideration of the above, novel type of solar collector has been proposed to realize the utilization and offset the barriers. This novel solar collectors is especially suitable to supply domestic hot water, and combines with ASHP for multi-function, space heating and cooling as well as domestic hot water supply. Additionally, it is well integrated with high-rise residential buildings, which is good for aesthetic.

scholarly journals ANN for Assessment of Energy Consumption of 4 kW PV Modules over a Year Considering the Impacts of Temperature and Irradiance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alblawi ◽  
M. H. Elkholy ◽  
M. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
One Year

Solar energy is considered the greatest source of renewable energy. In this paper, a case study was performed for a single-axis solar tracking model to analyze the performance of the solar panels in an office building under varying ambient temperatures and solar radiation over the course of one year (2018). This case study was performed in an office building at the College of Engineering at Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. The office building was supplied with electricity for a full year by the designed solar energy system. The study was conducted across the four seasons of the studied year to analyze the performance of a group of solar panels with the total capacity of a 4 kW DC system. The solar radiation, temperature, output DC power, and consumed AC power of the system were measured using wireless sensor networks (for temperature and irradiance measurement) and a signal acquisition system for each hour throughout the whole day. A single-axis solar tracker was designed for each panel (16 solar panels were used) using two light-dependent resistors (LDR) as detecting light sensors, one servo motor, an Arduino Uno, and a 250 W solar panel installed with an array tilt angle of 21°. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to estimate energy consumption, according to the dataset of AC load power consumption for each month and the measurement values of the temperature and irradiance. The relative error between the measured and estimated energy was calculated in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed ANN model and update the weights of the training network. The maximum absolute relative error of the proposed system did not exceed 2 × 10−4. After assessment of the proposed model, the ANN results showed that the average energy in the region of the case study from a 4 kW DC solar system for one year, considering environmental impact, was around 8431 kWh/year.

An Average Slope Factor for Solar Insolation

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
R. L. Field
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Average Slope ◽  
Slope Factor ◽  
The Given ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Haze Factor

Design methods for solar collector sizing (such as f-chart) usually require a multiplying factor (the slope factor) to correct insolation data taken on the horizontal for the tilt angle of the solar collector. The slope factor is a function of the haze factor (KT) at each location which varies month to month. A simplification (with attendant error) can be made for space heating by taking the 6 month average winter haze factor as a constant to get a single set of slope factor curves. For hot water heating a 12 month average of the haze factor is used to find the correct slope factor chart. Available slope factor equations using average haze factors were plotted to result in a chart whose parameters are latitude and month of year. Correction charts for off-average locations are presented. The error in the given slope factor charts is estimated to be accurate ± 7 percent for most cities.

Potential and Use of Solar Energy in Primorye Region (Russia)

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg P. Kovalev ◽  
Alexandr V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Primorye Region ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux ◽  
Radiation Regime ◽  
The Given

During long-term time, the laboratory of non-traditional energetic is been busy with development and introduction of solar water heating systems for hot water supply. The systems with solar collectors of 40 m2 area have been developed and introducted. For estimation of their efficiency we should know flux density of solar radiation, proceeding to surface at the given place. However in Primorye Region at actinometrical watching only four meteostations in the Southern part are carrying out straight measurements of solar radiation flux, and the others record data which concern only solar radiation regime (the amount of solar radiation hours, relation of watching duration of solar radiation to possible duration, the amount of days without sun, etc.). We suggested the expression, which according to know data of solar radiation and cloudiness, recorded practically on all meteorological stations gives possibility to calculate for Primorye Region month sums of total radiation proceeding to horizontal surface. The comparison of estimated values with measured ones gives the error to 3...9% with regard to average many years values, and are in the range of variability of measured values for separate years. In Primorye Region more than 250 m2 of solar collectors were installed; and among them 150 m2 were developed with the laboratory, to position on 2003.11.01.   NOTE: This paper was presented at the 2004 International Solar Energy Conference and was inadvertently omitted from the 2004 ASME proceedings. The page range refers to the 2005 International Solar Energy Conference Print Proceedings, where it was subsequently published.

scholarly journals Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angles for South-Facing Surfaces in Palestine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Salameh Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Horizontal Surface ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The optimum tilt angle of solar panels or collectors is crucial when determining parameters that affect the performance of those panels. A mathematical model is used for determining the optimum tilt angle and for calculating the solar radiation on a south-facing surface on a daily, monthly, seasonal, semi-annual, and annual basis. Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) and Photovoltaic Software (PVWatts) is developed by the NREL (US National Renewable Energy Laboratory) are also used to calculate the optimum monthly, seasonal, semi-annual, and annual tilt angles and to compare these results with the results obtained from the mathematical model. The results are very similar. PVGIS and PVWatts are used to estimate the solar radiation on south-facing surfaces with different tilt angles. A case study of a mono-crystalline module with 5 kWP of peak power is used to find out the amount of increased energy (gains) obtained by adjusting the Photovoltaic (PV) tilt angles based on yearly, semi-annual, seasonal, and monthly tilt angles. The results show that monthly adjustments of the solar panels in the main Palestinian cities can generate about 17% more solar energy than the case of solar panels fixed on a horizontal surface. Seasonal and semi-annual adjustments can generate about 15% more energy (i.e., it is worth changing the solar panels 12 times a year (monthly) or at least 2 times a year (semi-annually). The yearly optimum tilt angle for most Palestinian cities is about 29°, which yields an increase of about 10% energy gain compared to a solar panel fixed on a horizontal surface.

scholarly journals Correlation formulation for optimum tilt angle for maximizing the solar radiation on solar collector in the Western Himalayan region

2021 ◽  
pp. 101185
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Mehmet Ali Kallioğlu ◽  
Anchal Awasthi ◽  
Ranchan Chauhan ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Western Himalayan Region
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