Potential and Use of Solar Energy in Primorye Region (Russia)

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg P. Kovalev ◽  
Alexandr V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Primorye Region ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux ◽  
Radiation Regime ◽  
The Given

During long-term time, the laboratory of non-traditional energetic is been busy with development and introduction of solar water heating systems for hot water supply. The systems with solar collectors of 40 m2 area have been developed and introducted. For estimation of their efficiency we should know flux density of solar radiation, proceeding to surface at the given place. However in Primorye Region at actinometrical watching only four meteostations in the Southern part are carrying out straight measurements of solar radiation flux, and the others record data which concern only solar radiation regime (the amount of solar radiation hours, relation of watching duration of solar radiation to possible duration, the amount of days without sun, etc.). We suggested the expression, which according to know data of solar radiation and cloudiness, recorded practically on all meteorological stations gives possibility to calculate for Primorye Region month sums of total radiation proceeding to horizontal surface. The comparison of estimated values with measured ones gives the error to 3...9% with regard to average many years values, and are in the range of variability of measured values for separate years. In Primorye Region more than 250 m2 of solar collectors were installed; and among them 150 m2 were developed with the laboratory, to position on 2003.11.01.   NOTE: This paper was presented at the 2004 International Solar Energy Conference and was inadvertently omitted from the 2004 ASME proceedings. The page range refers to the 2005 International Solar Energy Conference Print Proceedings, where it was subsequently published.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HEAT SUPPLY INSTALLATION AS AN OBJECT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND AUTOMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
S. HORIASHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
Yu. KRAVCHIK ◽  
O. PIDGORNYI ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Efficient Operation

Solar energy is widely used in cases where the inaccessibility of other energy sources in combination with a sufficient amount of solar radiation justifies it economically. With the help of a system of solar collectors, you can significantly reduce energy costs for hot water supply and heating. In addition, the use of this system helps reduce CO2 emissions. The potential of solar energy in Ukraine is quite high. According to the climatic conditions of our region, solar activity is slightly lower than in the southern regions, so the use of flat solar collectors, which use both direct and scattered solar radiation, is effective for our region. The use of heat collectors in the home for water supply and heating of small areas is economically feasible, as it does not require significant costs. Heat supply plants using non-traditional energy sources are promising in terms of fuel savings and reduction of harmful effects on the environment. To increase the service life, economical use of heat and fuel, efficient operation of the installation requires the use of automation. The article considers the development of a mathematical model of a heat supply installation based on a solar collector. For automated control of the heat supply installation, it is necessary to know the properties of this installation as a whole and its individual elements. For this purpose, models of individual elements of the heat supply installation in a linear approximation are considered. The solar collector is conditionally divided into two parts. The model of the ground heat exchanger is developed. Also e battery models and consumer premises. The given matrices of elements of installation of heat supply are united in the uniform system of matrices. The obtained results allow estimating in advance efficiency of their use and economic attractiveness.

Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Solar Collectors Applied to Recirculation Loop in a Federal Building: SSA Philadelphia

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Walker ◽  
Fariborz Mahjouri ◽  
Robert Stiteler
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Recirculation Loop

This paper describes design, simulation, construction and measured initial performance of a solar water heating system (360 Evacuated Heat-Pipe Collector tubes, 54 m2 gross area, 36 m2 net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. Water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array when solar energy is available. This new approach, as opposed to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs makes the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial buildings more attractive, especially where the roof is far removed from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial observed performance of the system is reported. Hourly simulation estimates annual energy delivery of 111 GJ/year of solar heat and that the annual efficiency (based on the 54 m2 gross area) of the solar collectors is 41%, and that of the entire system including parasitic pump power, heat loss due to freeze protection, and heat loss from connecting piping is 34%. Annual average collector efficiency based on a net aperture area of 36 m2 is 61.5% according to the hourly simulation.

Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Applications

2013 ◽  
pp. 376-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radian Belu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Information Patterns ◽  
Time Requirements

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques play an important role in modeling, analysis, and prediction of the performance and control of renewable energy. The algorithms employed to model, control, or to predict performances of the energy systems are complicated involving differential equations, large computer power, and time requirements. Instead of complex rules and mathematical routines, AI techniques are able to learn the key information patterns within a multidimensional information domain. Design, control, and operation of solar energy systems require long-term series of meteorological data such as solar radiation, temperature, or wind data. Such long-term measurements are often non-existent for most of the interest locations or, wherever they are available, they suffer of a number of shortcomings (e.g. poor quality of data, insufficient long series, etc.). To overcome these problems AI techniques appear to be one of the strongest candidates. The chapter provides an overview of commonly used AI methodologies in solar energy, with a special emphasis on neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms. Selected AI applications to solar energy are outlined in this chapter. In particular, methods using the AI approach for the following applications are discussed: prediction and modeling of solar radiation, seizing, performances, and controls of the solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

scholarly journals A Modified Method to Generate Typical Meteorological Years from the Long-Term Weather Database

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiang Zang ◽  
Qingshan Xu ◽  
Pengwei Du ◽  
Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Modified Method

A modified typical meteorological year (TMY) method is proposed for generating TMY from practical measured weather data. A total of eleven weather indices and novel assigned weighting factors are applied in the processing of forming the TMY database. TMYs of 35 cities in China are generated based on the latest and accurate measured weather data (dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, and daily global solar radiation) in the period of 1994–2010. The TMY data and typical solar radiation data are also investigated and analyzed in this paper, which are important in the utilizations of solar energy systems.

scholarly journals Energy Saving and GHG Emission Reduction in a Micro-CCHP System by Use of Solar Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion V. Ion ◽  
Gheorghe Ciocea ◽  
Florin Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Heating Boiler

Abstract In this work, the reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and the energy saving by integrating solar collectors and photovoltaic panels in a Stirling engine based microcombined cooling, heating and power (mCCHP) system are studied. The mCCHP system consists of a natural gas Stirling CHP and an adsorber chiller. When the thermal outputs of the Stirling CHP and solar collectors are not sufficient to cover the heat demand for domestic hot water (DHW), heating/cooling, an auxiliary heating boiler starts to operate. The energy saving by using solar energy varies from 13.35% in December to 59.62% in April, in the case of solar collectors usage and from 7.47% in December to 28.27% in July, in the case of photovoltaic panels usage. By using solar energy the annual GHG emission decreases by 31.98% and the fuel cost reduction varies from 12.73% in December to 49.78% in June.

Experimental Daily Energy Performance of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Zambolin ◽  
Davide Del Col ◽  
Andrea Padovan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collector ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Radiation Test ◽  
Evacuated Tube

New comparative tests on different types of solar collectors are presented in this paper. Tests have been performed at the solar energy conversion laboratory of the University of Padova. Two standard glazed flat plate collectors and one evacuated tube collector are installed in parallel; the evacuated collector is a direct flow through type with external CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) reflectors. The present test rig allows to make measurements on the flat plate, on the evacuated collector or on both simultaneously, by simply acting on the valves to modify the circuit. In this paper measurements of the performance of the evacuated tube collector and flat plate collectors working at the same conditions are reported. Efficiency in stationary conditions is measured following the standard EN 12975-2 [1] and it is compared with the input/output curves measured for an entire day. The main purpose of the present work is to characterize and to compare the daily energy performance of the two types of collectors. An effective mean for describing and analyzing the daily performance is the so called input/output diagram, in which the collected solar energy is plotted against the daily incident solar radiation. Test runs have been performed in several conditions to reproduce different conventional uses (hot water, space heating, solar cooling).

scholarly journals Analysis of the Solar Collectors Installation on a Roof of the Small Public Building in Poland, Lithuania and Spain—A Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Mirosław Żukowski ◽  
Antonio Rodero ◽  
Ruta Bilinskiene
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Solar Collectors

A solar collector market is most European countries is at the stage of continuous development, however its expansion rate differs. It shows that much more factors than only the local solar radiation is important, including a technology progress, costs, local manufactures’ engagement, an economic government support or an environmentally consciousness raising relevant to a mitigating climate change. We conducted the analysis for a public office building, with a few toilets and a social room, used by 54 people. As a primary heat source for HVAC and DHW systems an oil boiler was used, whereas solar collectors were considered as an energy source for hot water preparation. The analysis was conducted for three locations of the building: Bialystok (Poland), Cordoba (Spain) and Kaunas (Lithuania), using a simulation software delivered within the framework of VIPSKILLS project. Theoretical hot water consumption was considered as 3–7 dm3/(day person) in compliance with national recommendations. It was found that beam solar radiation share in a total radiation balance was nearly twice higher in Cordoba than in Bialystok or Kaunas. The highest efficiency (44%) was estimated in Cordoba for solar collectors installed with the tilt angle between 45–50°. In case of Bialystok and Kaunas the efficiency was lower than in Cordoba and nearly equal 40–41% and the recommended tilt angle was in a range 30– 45°.

Modelling of real solar radiation spatial distribution as a tool for solar energy cadastre in the cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pietras-Szewczyk ◽  
Leszek Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
State Security ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Linke Turbidity Factor ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The City

The increasing needs of energy and decreasing traditional energy sources are becoming one of the biggest issues of our civilization. The provision of stable energy supply is a matter of state security. The energy consumption keeps growing especially in big cities. Therefore, it became reasonable to produce energy directly in cities. To optimize the use of the solar energy in the city areas, a fundamental issue is to find and estimate the amount of solar radiations at a specified location by using available tools and data. The main goal of this work is to demonstrate the potential of the r.sun model, a component of GRASS software, in calculating real solar radiation for the selected location. The work starts with demonstrating the effect of cloud cover for the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and the usage of GIS software and Ogimet website in the spatial analysis of real solar radiation distribution. For this purpose, data concerning cloud cover for selected locations were analysed. The study is based on the synoptic data obtained from Ogimet. Average daily cloud cover totals and long-term values were calculated. Apart from the cloud cover data, a significant variable, the Linke turbidity factor, describing the weakening of solar radiation due to the presence of aerosols and water vapour in the atmosphere, was taken into consideration. The obtained results were used to develop a map of real solar radiation distribution for a part of Wrocław. The results obtained by that model with the acquired data by the local meteorological station show compatibility.

Experience and Prospects of Using Solar Energy for Heating Supply in Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-60
Author(s):  
Vitaliy A. Butuzov ◽  
Vitaly V. Butuzov ◽  
Elena Bryantceva ◽  
Ilya Gnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Approaches to the organization of solar heat supply in Russia have a number of differences in comparison with the global experience, in particular, in the field of processing solar radiation data, designing solar collector designs, design techniques, construction and testing of solar heating systems, and the practice of creating and using solar plants. Examples of implementation of projects for creating heat supply systems in different regions of Russia are presented, from the southern (Krasnodar Territory) to the northern (Yakutia). A methodology for converting data for direct and diffuse solar radiation of NASA by taking into account the results of measurements of weather stations, which provides the possibility of their practical use, is presented. Data on the number, types, annual volumes of supplies, and names of producers of solar collectors in Russia are presented. Methodical approaches to the development of solar collectors structures based on the results of comparing the energy consumption for their production with the amount of energy produced by them during their lifetime are considered. A comparative analysis of solar design methodology in Russia and in Europe has been performed. Prospects for the construction of solar heat installations in Russia up to 2030 are considered.

scholarly journals Residential Solar-Based Seasonal Thermal Storage Systems in Cold Climates: Building Envelope and Thermal Storage

Energies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 3972-3985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Hugo ◽  
Radu Zmeureanu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Solar Collectors

The reduction of electricity use for heating and domestic hot water in cold climates can be achieved by: (1) reducing the heating loads through the improvement of the thermal performance of house envelopes, and (2) using solar energy through a residential solar-based thermal storage system. First, this paper presents the life cycle energy and cost analysis of a typical one-storey detached house, located in Montreal, Canada. Simulation of annual energy use is performed using the TRNSYS software. Second, several design alternatives with improved thermal resistance for walls, ceiling and windows, increased overall air tightness, and increased window-to-wall ratio of South facing windows are evaluated with respect to the life cycle energy use, life cycle emissions and life cycle cost. The solution that minimizes the energy demand is chosen as a reference house for the study of long-term thermal storage. Third, the computer simulation of a solar heating system with solar thermal collectors and long-term thermal storage capacity is presented. Finally, the life cycle cost and life cycle energy use of the solar combisystem are estimated for flat-plate solar collectors and evacuated tube solar collectors, respectively, for the economic and climatic conditions of this study.

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