scholarly journals Conceptual Process Design, Energy and Economic Analysis of Solid Waste to Hydrocarbon Fuels via Thermochemical Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Hossam A. Gabbar ◽  
Mohamed Aboughaly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Conceptual Process Design ◽  
Electrical Generation

Thermochemical processes use heat and series of endothermic chemical reactions that achieve thermal cracking and convert a wide range of solid waste deposits via four thermochemical processes to hydrocarbon gaseous and liquid products such as syngas, gasoline, and diesel. The four thermochemical reactions investigated in this research article are: incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). The mentioned thermochemical processes are evaluated for energy recovery pathways and environmental footprint based on conceptual design and Aspen HYSYS energy simulation. This paper also provides conceptual process design for four thermochemical processes as well as process evaluation and techno-economic analysis (TEA) including energy consumption, process optimization, product yield calculations, electricity generation and expected net revenue per tonne of feedstock. The techno-economic analysis provides results for large scale thermochemical process technologies at an industrial level and key performance indicators (KPIs) including greenhouse gaseous emissions, capital and operational costs per tonne, electrical generation per tonne for the four mentioned thermochemical processes.

scholarly journals Process Design Kit and Design Automation for Flexible Hybrid Electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ching Huang ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Leilai Shao ◽  
Sridhar Sivapurapu ◽  
Madhavan Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Design Automation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract High-performance low-cost flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) are desirable for applications such as internet of things and wearable electronics. Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistor (TFT) is a promising candidate for high-performance FHE because of its high carrier mobility, superior mechanical flexibility, and material compatibility with low-cost printing and solution processes. Flexible sensors and peripheral CNT-TFT circuits, such as decoders, drivers, and sense amplifiers, can be printed and hybrid-integrated with thinned (<50 μm) silicon chips on soft, thin, and flexible substrates for a wide range of applications, from flexible displays to wearable medical devices. Here, we report (1) a process design kit (PDK) to enable FHE design automation for large-scale FHE circuits and (2) solution process-proven intellectual property blocks for TFT circuits design, including Pseudo-Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (Pseudo-CMOS) flexible digital logic and analog amplifiers. The FHE-PDK is fully compatible with popular silicon design tools for design and simulation of hybrid-integrated flexible circuits.

Bioethanol enrichment using zeolite membranes: Molecular modeling, conceptual process design and techno-economic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitish Mittal ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
J. Ilja Siepmann ◽  
Prodromos Daoutidis ◽  
Michael Tsapatsis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Zeolite Membranes ◽  
Conceptual Process Design

Biological Removal of Chlorate from Bleaching Plant Effluent

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Malmqvist ◽  
Thomas Welander
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suspended Carrier

Biological chlorate removal was studied on a laboratory and a pilot scale with the aim of optimizing process design and operating conditions with respect to process efficiency, stability and economy. The results showed a suspended-carrier biofilm process design to be suitable for biological chlorate removal. In the laboratory tests, at pH 7 and 37°C, a complete removal of chlorate could be maintained at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) as short as 24 min. A longer HRT (1.5 h) was required for complete chlorate removal in the pilot test, due to a lower degree of filling with carrier material (25% versus 50% of the reactor volume), higher process temperature, and leakage of oxygen into the process. However, it is assumed that the loading capacity of a large-scale process would approach that of the laboratory system if the operating conditions were the same. Laboratory tests showed chlorate reduction to be possible within a wide range of pH values and temperatures, although the process stability and loading capacity were strongly affected by changes in these parameters. The results of the laboratory and pilot scale studies, using a suspended-carrier process design, show biological treatment to be an economically viable and efficient process for the removal of chlorate from bleaching plant effluents.

Production of a sustainable and renewable biomass-derived monomer: conceptual process design and techno-economic analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 7070-7079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Kim ◽  
Julius Choi ◽  
Junhyung Park ◽  
Wangyun Won
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
New Process ◽  
Furandicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Conceptual Process Design

A new process is developed to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from cellulose and evaluated via techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment.

Castor oil biorefinery: Conceptual process design, simulation and economic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 198-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. Dimian ◽  
Petrica Iancu ◽  
Valentin Plesu ◽  
Alexandra-Elena Bonet-Ruiz ◽  
Jordi Bonet-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Conceptual Process Design

Systematic and Optimization-Based Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Recker
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Conceptual Process Design ◽  
Optimization Based Design

In industrial practice, conceptual process design is typically conducted by repetitive simulation studies, which require detailed design specifications in an early design phase. Guided by heuristics, these iterative solution procedures result in high manual effort and, in addition, no guarantee concerning the quality of the solution can be given. Optimization-based design methods provide a tremendous potential to accelerate and improve conceptual process design. For this purpose, a synthesis framework for the optimization-based design of chemical processes is presented in this thesis. Powerful shortcut and rigorous evaluation methods for reaction and distillation are presented. These methods are computationally efficient in order to allow an optimization-based design of large-scale chemical processes. Various industrial case studies illustrate the application of the novel approaches and highlight their benefits. ...

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document