scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland: Current Trends and Future Potential

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Ikrema Hassan ◽  
Saidur R. Chowdhury ◽  
Perdana K. Prihartato ◽  
Shaikh A Razzak
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Key Aspects

Constructed wetlands (CW) is an environmentally friendly technique for removing pollutants from wastewater and has been applied to municipal wastewater, petroleum refinery wastewater, agriculture drainage, acid mine drainage, etc. The past decade has seen a remarkable number of innovations in the exponentially growing field of microbiology. This manuscript covers a critical review of key aspects of CW, such as various types of CW, the contaminants and their removal mechanisms, degradation pathways, challenges and opportunities, materials, applications, and theory with a focus on recent advances in the last three decades. In addition, an attempt has been taken to project future advances in the field of CW and facilitate these advances by framing key unsolved problems in CW. Guidelines are prepared for the fast-growing CW field through the standardization of key design aspects. This review covers the evaluation of the current state-of-the-art of CW technology and provides definitions and performance metric nomenclature in an effort to unify the fast-growing CW community. It also contains an outlook on the emerging trends in CW and proposes future research and development directions.

Too Much of a Good Thing? Trade-offs in Promotion and Prevention Focus

2012 ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Scholer ◽  
E. Tory Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Focus Theory ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Different kinds of motivational orientations provide distinctive ways of perceiving the world, dealing with life's inevitable slings and arrows, regulating challenges and opportunities, and creating success. In this chapter, we explore these differences in the two motivational systems outlined in regulatory focus theory: the promotion and prevention systems (Higgins, 1997). In particular, we discuss these systems in terms of the trade-offs in each; what are the benefits and costs of a strong promotion focus? What are the advantages and drawbacks of a strong prevention focus? We explore the trade-offs of each system with regard to three significant aspects of self-regulation and motivation: emotional experiences, the balance between commitment versus exploration, and performance. We conclude by discussing the importance of constraints on these systems for effective self-regulation and by suggesting avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Characterising the Agriculture 4.0 Landscape—Emerging Trends, Challenges and Opportunities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Sara Oleiro Araújo ◽  
Ricardo Silva Peres ◽  
José Barata ◽  
Fernando Lidon ◽  
José Cochicho Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global Population

Investment in technological research is imperative to stimulate the development of sustainable solutions for the agricultural sector. Advances in Internet of Things, sensors and sensor networks, robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, etc. foster the transition towards the Agriculture 4.0 era. This fourth revolution is currently seen as a possible solution for improving agricultural growth, ensuring the future needs of the global population in a fair, resilient and sustainable way. In this context, this article aims at characterising the current Agriculture 4.0 landscape. Emerging trends were compiled using a semi-automated process by analysing relevant scientific publications published in the past ten years. Subsequently, a literature review focusing these trends was conducted, with a particular emphasis on their applications in real environments. From the results of the study, some challenges are discussed, as well as opportunities for future research. Finally, a high-level cloud-based IoT architecture is presented, serving as foundation for designing future smart agricultural systems. It is expected that this work will positively impact the research around Agriculture 4.0 systems, providing a clear characterisation of the concept along with guidelines to assist the actors in a successful transition towards the digitalisation of the sector.

scholarly journals Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review of Design and Active Materials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Lamb ◽  
Odne S. Burheim
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Battery Electrode ◽  
And Performance

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have gained significant attention in recent years for their increased energy density without altering their power density. LICs achieve higher capacitance than traditional supercapacitors due to their hybrid battery electrode and subsequent higher voltage. This is due to the asymmetric action of LICs, which serves as an enhancer of traditional supercapacitors. This culminates in the potential for pollution-free, long-lasting, and efficient energy-storing that is required to realise a renewable energy future. This review article offers an analysis of recent progress in the production of LIC electrode active materials, requirements and performance. In-situ hybridisation and ex-situ recombination of composite materials comprising a wide variety of active constituents is also addressed. The possible challenges and opportunities for future research based on LICs in energy applications are also discussed.

Reexamining Social Media and Socioemotional Well-Being Among Adolescents Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Review and Directions for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162110141
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Hamilton ◽  
Jacqueline Nesi ◽  
Sophia Choukas-Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Key Aspects

Social media has rapidly transformed the ways in which adolescents socialize and interact with the world, which has contributed to ongoing public debate about whether social media is helping or harming adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified both the challenges and opportunities of adolescents’ social-media use, which necessitates revisiting the conversation around teens and social media. In this article, we discuss key aspects of adolescent social-media use and socioemotional well-being and outline how these issues may be amplified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use this as a springboard to outline key future research directions for the field, with the goal of moving away from reductionist approaches and toward a more nuanced perspective to understand the who, what, and when of social-media use and its impact on adolescent well-being. We conclude with a commentary on how psychological science can inform the translation of research to provide evidence-based recommendations for adolescent social-media use.

scholarly journals Understanding built environment realities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Architectural Research ◽  
And Behavior

PurposeFollowing the successful transition of Archnet-IJAR to Emerald, the introduction of new process and editorial teams, and the production of the first issue last March (Volume 13, Issue 1), the purpose of this paper is to outline key aspects of the contributions published in this edition ofArchnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, Volume 13, Issue 1, July 2019.Design/methodology/approachPremised on two generic understandings of built environment research: conceptual frameworks and experimental fieldworks, a classification of topical contents and an identification of approaches within the studies published in this edition, a narrative on evolving interests and themes is developed to outline these undertakings.FindingsFive themes are identified from 13 papers contributed by 27 researchers from academic institutions in 13 countries and territories. Themes include: complexity and prosperity of informal settlements and slums; east–west dialectics of environmental design research and sustainable urbanism; educating future built environment professionals; grassroots research and design strategies; and performance, perception and behavior.Originality/valueUnderstanding and appreciating various research approaches for unveiling key aspects of built environment realities including the spatial and social dimensions would facilitate effective contributions in architectural and urban research. This is coupled with the advancing thematic aspects that enthuse a re-thinking of the key purpose of architectural and urban research while stimulating future research endeavors.

Challenges and Opportunities for Neuroimaging in Young Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: a Coordinated Effort towards Advancing Discovery from the ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Robert F. Asarnow ◽  
Talin Babikian ◽  
Brenda Bartnik-Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Advance Research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children in both developed and developing nations. Children and adolescents suffer from TBI at a higher rate than the general population; however, research in this population lags behind research in adults. This may be due, in part, to the smaller number of investigators engaged in research with this population and may also be related to changes in safety laws and clinical practice that have altered length of hospital stays, treatment, and access to this population. Specific developmental issues also warrant attention in studies of children, and the ever-changing context of childhood and adolescence may require larger sample sizes than are commonly available to adequately address remaining questions related to TBI. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Pediatric Moderate-Severe TBI (msTBI) group aims to advance research in this area through global collaborative meta-analysis. In this paper we discuss important challenges in pediatric TBI research and opportunities that we believe the ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI group can provide to address them. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this field of study.

Study on the performance of an up-flow aerated biofilter (UAB) in municipal wastewater treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Okabe ◽  
Tomochika Arata ◽  
Yuji Haruta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

A comprehensive wastewater treatment system that accomplishes oxidation of organic matter, nitrification, and denitrification was developed, and its characteristics and performance were investigated. A municipal wastewater was treated by an up-flow aerated biofilter (UAB), in which biofilms were developed on stainless meshes installed horizontally. This UAB exhibited a great potential ability of oxidation of organic matter, SS stabilization, and nitrification due to a unique aeration mechanism giving high DO concentrations with relatively low aeration rates. Another unique feature of the UAB was that attached biofilms on stainless meshes physically filtered out and/or adsorbed suspended solids in the wastewater in addition to the biological oxidation of organic matter. A stable nitrification could be achieved at HRT=10 hours corresponding to a hydraulic loading of 86 L m−2 d−1 and at a ratio of aeration rate to wastewater flow rate (A/W) of 2, which is considerably low as compared to aeration rates of typical activated sludge systems. This UAB system also could handle relatively high hydraulic loading rates. The UAB used in this study still have enough space to install more stainless meshes so as to reduce hydraulic loading rates resulting in the reduction of HRT and aeration rate, which leads to improvement of the system performance as well as reduction of the running cost.

ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
And Performance

Employee’s perception regarding fairness in the organization is termed as organizational justice. The objective of this paper is to study the antecedents and consequences of organizational justice on the basis of earlier relevant studies from the period ranging from 1964 to 2015. Previous research identified employee participation, communication, justice climate as the antecedents and trust, job satisfaction, commitment, turnover intentions, organizational citizenship behavior and performance as the consequences of organizational justice. Finding reveals the gaps existing in the literature and gives suggestions for future research work.

EMERGING TRENDS IN BANKING SECTOR - ITS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karigoleshwar .
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multiple Regions

In financial sector the banking industry is the largest player, has also been undergoing a major change. Today the banking industry is stronger and capable of withstanding the pressures of competition. Today, we are having a fairly well developed banking system with different classes of banks – public sector banks, foreign banks, private sector banks – both old and new generation, regional rural banks and co-operative banks with the Reserve Bank of India as the fountain Head of the system. In the banking field, there has been an unprecedented growth and diversification of banking industry has been so stupendous that it has no parallel in the annals of banking anywhere in the world. The banking industry has experienced a series of significant transformations in the last few decades. Among the most important of them is the change in the type of organizations that dominate the landscape. Since the eighties, banks have increased the scope and scale of their activities and several banks have become very large institutions with a presence in multiple regions of the country.' The paper examines the new trends in commercial banking. The present era the cashless transactions, E-cheques, mobile wallets. The paper attempts to present the emerging trends and its challenges that recently emerged in the banking sector with special emphasis on digitization. It will be useful to the academicians, banking and insurance personnel, students and researchers. Common readers also know the latest innovations in banking sector

The Contingent Effect of Team Composition on the Performance of Entrepreneurial Teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 654-680
Author(s):  
Serghei Musaji ◽  
Julio De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the continuous interest in studying entrepreneurial teams, the relationship between team composition and, particularly, team diversity and performance remains fertile ground for active debate. Taking roots in the knowledge-based view and organizational learning literatures, this chapter argues that performance in entrepreneurial teams is contingent on (a) the overlap between team members’ knowledge/competences and the content of the performed tasks, (b) the duplication of the team members’ knowledge in the areas with that content, (c) the nature of tasks (exploration or exploitation), (d) the team’s flexibility to adapt to changes in the content and nature of those tasks, and (e) the rate of environmental change. Because an important source of ambiguity in the understanding of how team diversity and performance are linked ties to issues of how team diversity is conceptualized and operationalized, the chapter also proposes a new way of looking at diversity in future research.

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