scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Improvement of Phycoremediation Using a Consortium of Microalgae in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Pond Systems as an Alternative Solution to Africa’s Sanitation Challenges

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Paul J. Oberholster ◽  
Maronel Steyn ◽  
Anna-Maria Botha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Chlorella Protothecoides ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology

The reuse of wastewater has been observed as a viable option to cope with increasing water stress in Africa. The present case studies evaluated the optimization of the process of phycoremediation as an alternative low-cost green treatment technology in two municipality wastewater treatment pond systems that make up the largest number of domestic sewage treatment systems on the African continent. A consortium of specific microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides) was used to improve the treatment capacity of domestic wastewater at two operational municipality wastewater pond systems under different environmental conditions in South Africa. Pre- and post-phycoremediation optimization through mass inoculation of a consortium of microalgae, over a period of one year under different environmental conditions, were compared. It was evident that the higher reduction of total phosphates (74.4%) in the effluent, after treatment with a consortium of microalgae at the Motetema pond system, was possibly related to (1) the dominance of the algal taxa C. protothecoides (52%), and to a lesser extent C. vulgaris (36%), (2) more cloudless days, (3) higher air temperature, and (4) a higher domestic wastewater strength. In the case of the Brandwag pond treatment system, the higher reduction of total nitrogen can possibly be related to the dominance of C. vulgaris, different weather conditions, and lower domestic wastewater strength. The nutrient reduction data from the current study clearly presented compelling evidence in terms of the feasibility for use of this technology in developing countries to reduce nutrient loads from domestic wastewater effluent.

Engineering Design of CAST Process for a Small Town Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1245-1250
Author(s):  
Jing Li Gu ◽  
Jun Hong ◽  
Ling Wan ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Nan Nan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Effluent Quality

A process of CAST, designing parameters and characteristics in the water treatment technology was introduced in this paper. The CAST was adopted to treat a scale of 3300m3/d of municipal wastewater and industrial effluent coming from a small town of Huojia county in Henan province. It is an innovative attempt to applied the CAST to a rural sewage treatment in the traditional water treatment field. What is more , after the chemical phosphorus removal and a sufficient reaction in the CAST tank, the effluent quality would ultimately meet level A while others could only meet level B in the state standard discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18919-2002).

Research on UNITANK Technology and its Application in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 640-643
Author(s):  
Dong Jie Bao ◽  
Zhan Meng Liu ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Land Occupation

Land treatment process was chosen as the first-stage project in Xingtai Wastewater Treatment Plant located in Xingtai city, Hebei Province, PR China. UNITANK was chosen as the treatment technology in the secondary project in order to ameliorate the drawbacks of large land occupation and inconvenient management. In this paper, the operation modes of sewage treatment system, flush water system and sludge discharging system of UNITANK were discussed in detail on the basis of introduction of the basic structure and the technological process. According to the analysis of the project, it is suggested that UNITANK is more suitable for small or middle wastewater treatment plants with the advantages of simple structure, less land occupation, cost-efficient and reliable operation.

Experience from 10 Years Advanced Wastewater Treatment – Technology and Results

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
C Forsberg ◽  
B Hawerman ◽  
B Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Polluted Waters

Experience from advanced municipal wastewater treatment plants and recovery of polluted waters are described for the last ten years in Sweden. Except in municipalities with large recipients, the urban population is served by treatment plants with combined biological and chemical treatment. Most of these plants are post-precipitation plants. Several modified operational modes have been developed in order to improve the removal efficiencies of pollutants and to reduce the costs. Results are presented on the recovery of specially investigated lakes with a lowered supply of total phosphorus and organic matter.

Nitrification and denitrification using a single biofilter packed with granular sulfur

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-S. Kim ◽  
Y.-W. Hwang ◽  
C.-G. Kim ◽  
J.-H. Bae
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Process

This study was performed to develop a granular sulfur packed nitrification/denitrification process employing a uniquely designed single biofilter, which treated a relatively low carbon loaded domestic wastewater taken from a primary clarifier at a municipal wastewater treatment facility. The system was tested on varying experimental conditions, e.g. inflow flow, organic load and nitrogen load. Regardless of flow rate being increased, SS and COD was unvaryingly removed up to 90 and 80%, respectively. Moreover, TKN was also decomposed up to 90%. Increase in COD load gradually led to escalating level of non-biodegradable compounds observed in effluent. Nitrification was accomplished as high as 92%, whereas denitrification was achieved up to approximately 87%. For a while, nitrification and denitrification were observed at 0.65 and 0.55 kg/m3áday, respectively. Eventually, T-N was decomposed as high as 46%. It was concluded that granular sulfur can be used for not only electron donor, but also for a media to properly treat low carbon loaded wastewater and to filter SS efficiently.

scholarly journals The bottlenecks and causes, and potential solutions for municipal sewage treatment in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Cao ◽  
M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht ◽  
Glen. T. Daigger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract Since about the 1990s China has achieved remarkable progress in urban sanitation. The country has built very extensive infrastructure for wastewater treatment, with 94.5% treatment coverage in urban areas and legally mandated nation-wide full nutrient removal implemented. However, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China are still confronted with issues rooted in the unique sewage characteristics. This study compares energy recovery, cost of nutrient removal and sludge production between Chinese municipal WWTPs and those in countries with longer wastewater treatment traditions, and highlights the cause-effect relationships between Chinese sewage characteristics – high inorganic suspended solids (ISS) loads, and low COD and C/N ratio, and municipal WWTP process performance in China. Integrated design and operation guidelines for municipal WWTPs are imperative in relation to the unique sewage characteristics in China. Cost-effective measures and solutions are proposed in the paper, and the potential benefits of improving the sustainability of municipal WWTPs in China are estimated.

Operation and Optimization of an Alternating Oxic-Anoxic Shortcut Nitrification-Denitrification System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Chun Di Gao ◽  
Shi Xin Fan ◽  
Er Long Jiao ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Wei Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

A novel alternating oxic-anoxic operation mode of shortcut nitrification-denitrification was developed in a sequencing batch reactor at ambient temperature. Operational parameters favorable for maintaining the shortcut nitrification-denitrification were investigated and optimized. The experiments showed that alternating oxic-anoxic shortcut nitrification-denitrification system was able to be an independent treatment process in domestic wastewater treatment. And the optimization approach was so efficient that the main pollutant discharge targets achieved Standard A of the first class in "Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant". Moreover, the reliability of the operation strategy in this experimentation was proved, which indicated the excellent nitrogen removal performances.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge utilization for the municipality of Gdansk

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Ewa Sienkiewics ◽  
Piotr Kowalik ◽  
Stanislav Drzewinski ◽  
Klemens Herman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Near Future

In the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Gdansk a biological treatment technology allowing removing of nutrients was launched recently. This will result in increasing of the volume of sludge from 27.3 t d.m./d now to about 45 t d.m./d in the near future. The analysis of various possibilities of sludge utilization was made. It was concluded that incineration of the sludge seems to be the most promising method, while the possibilities of application of sludge in agriculture, forestry or to land reclamation are limited. Therefore it is suggested that 90% of sludge should be incinerated and the remaining 10% - stabilized with lime and applicated to land reclamation. The ahses generated during the incineration of sludge should be deposited at the municipal waste dump, with possible phosphorus extraction in the future.

15 years of practical sewage treatment in Venezuela

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lansdell
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Simple Systems ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

A summary of fifteen years of experience of the design, operation and performance several Venezuelan municipal wastewater treatment systems to serve a population of 5 million is presented. Technical and institutional problems which occurred during construction and operation are described and some of the solutions are presented. It was found that the most simple systems were the most effective and that it was important to develop solutions appropriate to local needs and avoid the technological dependance on imported spare parts.

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