scholarly journals The bottlenecks and causes, and potential solutions for municipal sewage treatment in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Cao ◽  
M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht ◽  
Glen. T. Daigger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract Since about the 1990s China has achieved remarkable progress in urban sanitation. The country has built very extensive infrastructure for wastewater treatment, with 94.5% treatment coverage in urban areas and legally mandated nation-wide full nutrient removal implemented. However, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China are still confronted with issues rooted in the unique sewage characteristics. This study compares energy recovery, cost of nutrient removal and sludge production between Chinese municipal WWTPs and those in countries with longer wastewater treatment traditions, and highlights the cause-effect relationships between Chinese sewage characteristics – high inorganic suspended solids (ISS) loads, and low COD and C/N ratio, and municipal WWTP process performance in China. Integrated design and operation guidelines for municipal WWTPs are imperative in relation to the unique sewage characteristics in China. Cost-effective measures and solutions are proposed in the paper, and the potential benefits of improving the sustainability of municipal WWTPs in China are estimated.

scholarly journals Technology for Upgrading the Tailwater of Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants: The Efficacy and Mechanism of Microbial Coupling for Nitrogen and Carbon Removal

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2850
Author(s):  
Yinan Zhang ◽  
Shihuan Lu ◽  
Yuxin Fang ◽  
Kexin Yang ◽  
Jiafeng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Removal

The efficient removal of carbon (COD) and nitrogen (NH3-N) is vital to improving tailwater from municipal wastewater treatment plants. In this study, denitrification and decarburization bacteria with stable removal efficiencies were introduced into a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for 45 days of field experiments in a QJ Wastewater Treatment Plant (Hangzhou, China) to enhance carbon and nitrogen removal. After adding the decarbonization microorganisms into the denitrification reactor, COD removal increased from 31.2% to 80.2%, while compared to the same MBR with only denitrification microorganisms, the removal efficiency of NH3-N was greatly increased from 76.8% to 98.6%. The results of microbial analysis showed that the cooccurrence of Proteobacteria and Bacillus with high abundance and diverse bacteria, such as Chloroflexi, with autotrophic decarburization functions might account for the synchronous high removal efficiency for NH3-N and COD. This technology could provide a reference for industrial-scale wastewater treatment with the goal of simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal.

scholarly journals The role of wastewater treatment plants in surface water contamination by plastic pollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Mrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water Contamination

The aim of this paper was to review the literature data regarding the physico-chemical characteristic of plastic pollutants discharged with municipal sewage, the practical possibility of removing microplastic particles from wastewater during different treatment steps in WWTPs and the problem of surface water contamination within them. Microplastics (the size range of 1 nm to < 5 mm), have been recognized as an emerging threat, as well as an ecotoxicological and ecological risk for water ecosystems. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mentioned as the main point sources of microplastics in an aquatic environment. Microplastic particles can be effectively removed in the primary treatment zones via solids skimming and sludge settling processes. Different tertiary treatment processes such as: gravity sand filtration, discfilter, air flotation and membrane filtration provide substantial additional removal of microplastics, and the efficiency of wastewater treatment process can be at a removal level of 99.9%. Nevertheless, given the large volumes of effluent constantly discharged to receivers, even tertiary level WWTPs may constitute a considerable source of microplastics in the surface water.

scholarly journals Bio-Methanol Production Using Treated Domestic Wastewater with Mixed Methanotroph Species and Anaerobic Digester Biogas

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Tae Kim ◽  
Young-Seok Yoo ◽  
Young-Han Yoon ◽  
Ye-Eun Lee ◽  
Jun-Ho Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The development of cost-effective methods, which generate minimal chemical wastewater, for methanol production is an important research goal. In this study, treated wastewater (TWW) was utilized as a culture solution for methanol production by mixed methanotroph species as an alternative to media prepared from commercial or chemical agents, e.g., nitrate mineral salts medium. Furthermore, a realistic alternative for producing methanol in wastewater treatment plants using biogas from anaerobic digestion was proposed. By culturing mixed methanotroph species with nitrate and phosphate-supplemented TWW in municipal wastewater treatment plants, this study demonstrates, for the first time, the application of biogas generated from the sludge digester of municipal wastewater treatment plants. NaCl alone inhibited methanol dehydrogenase and the addition of 40 mM formate as an electron donor increased methanol production to 6.35 mM. These results confirmed that this practical energy production method could enable cost-effective methanol production. As such, methanol produced in wastewater treatment plants can be used as an eco-friendly energy and carbon source for biological denitrification, which can be an alternative to reducing the expenses required for the waste water treatment process.

Ultraviolet Disinfection in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maarschalkerweerd ◽  
Rory Murphy ◽  
Gail Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Pilot and full-scale studies of UV disinfection of wastewater have demonstrated that the process could consistently meet an effluent fecal coliform standard of 200/100 mL or less, depending on suspended solids and UV transmission. Since 1984 over three hundred systems have been installed at municipal wastewater treatment plants in North America. The majority of these are in treatment plants which have been using chlorination. The UV systems have been retrofitted into the existing chlorine contact tanks or existing channels. The capital costs of retrofitting compare favourably to the costs of upgrading chlorination systems, especially when de-chlorination equipment is required. As experience is gained in the operation of these UV systems, their performance has been monitored for their disinfection efficiency and cost of operation. Several installations are examined and their performance and costs analyzed. The evidence to date supports the premise that UV disinfection can meet demands for reliable effluent disinfection in a cost effective manner.

Efficiency of SBR technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Steinmetz ◽  
J. Wiese ◽  
T.G. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Four wastewater treatment plants running with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology have been evaluated in view of their effluent quality, treatment efficiency and energy demand. The plants are designed for approximately 5,000, 8,000, 15,000 and 25,000 population equivalents (p.e.). Although two of the plants were overloaded during the investigation time the effluent concentrations of nitrogen, especially ammonia, and phosphorus were low. The results show, that SBR plants which are designed according to German standards have additional capacities for degradation of organic matter and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Furthermore SBR plants with combined sewer systems are able to treat combined sewage very well. Thus SBR technology proves to be a good alternative for municipal sewage plants and can help to save investment costs.

EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY USAGE AT CANADIAN (ONTARIO) MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Evans ◽  
P. Laughton
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ontario Hydro

The province of Ontario is Canada's most populous province with over 8 million residents out of a total population of 27 million. The Province is situated in the eastern portion of North America and stretches from 41°N to 50° N. All the Great Lakes fall within Ontario's boundaries and the Province is estimated to have over 280,000 lakes. The area along Lake Ontario is home to 5 million of the residents who are serviced by 11 large sewage treatment plants. The remaining 403 treatment plants are scattered throughout the province. with an average size of 20 000 m3/d. Ontario Hydro commissioned a study of the wastewater treatment plants to identify the main power users at the various types of sewage treatment plants, as well as potential areas within each plant where significant energy savings could be generated. By using this information, Ontario Hydro hoped to assess the potential to reduce the load and identify any electrical efficiency improvements, fuel switching and load shifting opportunities that may exist as well as the impact of environmental regulations on power saving initiatives. It was found that several major opportunities existed. These included:■ that up to 25% of power currently used can be reduced by introducing energy efficient measures■ of all the unit operations in wastewater treatment plants, aeration accounts for 42% of the power usage, influent and effluent pumping - 20%, and dewatering - 6%. Of this influent and effluent pumping, specifically influent represented the best target area as significant aeration system upgrade had already taken place.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Hydroponic Cultivations for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wolecki ◽  
Magda Caban ◽  
Magdalena Pazda ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski ◽  
Jolanta Kumirska
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Euonymus Europaeus ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

The problem of the presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment is closely related to municipal wastewater and in consequence to municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) because wastewater is the main way in which these compounds are transferred to the ecosystem. For this reason, the development of cheap, simple but very effective techniques for the removal of such residues from wastewater is very important. In this study, the analysis of the potential of using three new plants: Cyperus papyrus (Papyrus), Lysimachia nemorum (Yellow pimpernel), and Euonymus europaeus (European spindle) by hydroponic cultivation for the removal of 15 selected pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in an MWWTP is presented. In order to obtain the most reliable data, this study was performed using real WWTP conditions and with the determination of the selected analytes in untreated sewage, treated sewage, and in plant materials. For determining the target compounds in plant materials, an Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE)-Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)-GC-MS(SIM) method was developed and validated. The obtained data proved that the elimination efficiency of the investigated substances from wastewater was in the range of 35.8% for diflunisal to above 99.9% for paracetamol, terbutaline, and flurbiprofen. Lysimachia nemorum was the most effective for the uptake of target compounds among the tested plant species. Thus, the application of constructed wetlands for supporting conventional MWWTPs allowed a significant increase in their removal from the wastewater stream.

Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Effluents on Canadian Waters: a Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Chambers ◽  
M. Allard ◽  
S.L. Walker ◽  
J. Marsalek ◽  
J. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows

Abstract Domestic sewage is a major threat to receiving waters throughout the world. In Canada, a high proportion of the population (81%) is served by municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Nevertheless, discharges from wastewater treatment plants, stormwater sewers and combined sewers have caused adverse impacts on some lakes, rivers and coastal waters. The most publicly recognized impacts are shellfish harvesting restrictions and beach closures resulting from microbial contamination. Habitat degradation and contamination also occur and these, in turn, have altered the abundance and diversity of aquatic organisms. Our findings on the effects of municipal wastewater discharge suggest that there is a need to review sewage treatment requirements in Canada. Further research is also required on the interactive and cumulative responses to habitat degradation and to long-term exposure to persistent and bioaccumula-tive pollutants. Finally, an integrated approach to wastewater management is needed that addresses loadings from treatment plants, stormwater sewers, combined sewer overflows and other wastewater sources.

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