scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils as Novel Feedstocks for Steam-Cracking Process

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Adam Karaba ◽  
Jan Patera ◽  
Petra Dvorakova Ruskayova ◽  
Héctor de Paz Carmona ◽  
Petr Zamostny
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Vacuum Distillate ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Steam Cracking ◽  
Green Polymers ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Cracking Products

Hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVOs) are currently a popular renewable energy source, frequently blended into a Diesel-fuel. In the paper, HVO potential as feedstock for the steam-cracking process was investigated, since HVOs promise high yields of monomers for producing green polymers and other chemicals. Prepared HVO samples of different oil sources were studied experimentally, using pyrolysis gas chromatography to estimate their product yields in the steam-cracking process and compare them to traditional feedstocks. At 800 °C, HVOs provided significantly elevated ethylene yield, higher yield of propylene and C4 olefins, and lower oil yield than both atmospheric gas oil and hydrocracked vacuum distillate used as reference traditional feedstocks. The HVO preparation process was found to influence the distribution of steam-cracking products more than the vegetable oil used for the HVO preparation. Furthermore, pyrolysis of HVO/traditional feedstock blends was performed at different blending ratios. It provided information about the product yield dependence on blending ratio for future process design considerations. It revealed that some product yields exhibit non-linear dependence on the blending ratio, and therefore, their yields cannot be predicted by the simple principle of additivity.

scholarly journals Comparative study of properties and fatty acid composition of some neat vegetable oils and waste cooking oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omojola Awogbemi ◽  
Emmanuel Idoko Onuh ◽  
Freddie L Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Abstract Vegetable oils have been used as a feedstock for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production. The high cost of neat vegetable oil and its impact on food security have necessitated its replacement as a feedstock for FAME by used vegetable oil, also known as waste cooking oil (WCO). This study compares the properties and fatty acid (FA) compositions of samples of neat vegetable oil with those of samples of WCO, collected from restaurants and takeaway outlets at the point of disposal. The samples were subjected to property determination and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometer (PYGCMS) analysis. Analysis showed that degree of usage and the type of food items originally fried in the oil substantially affected its properties and FA composition. Density of neat vegetable oil varied between 904.3 and 919.7 kg/m3 and of WCO between 904.3 and 923.2 kg/m3. The pH of neat vegetable oil varied between 7.38 and 8.63 and of WCO between 5.13 and 6.61. The PYGCMS analysis showed that neat palm oil contains 87.7% unsaturated FA and 12.3% saturated FA, whereas neat sunfoil contains 74.37% saturated FA and 25% polyunsaturated FA. Generally, neat vegetable oils consisted mainly of saturated FAs and polyunsaturated FAs, whereas the WCO contained mainly of saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs. This research confirms the suitability of WCO as feedstock for FAME.

Thermogravimetric study of the desorption of cyclohexylamine and pyridine from an acid-treated Wyoming bentonite

Clay Minerals ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Breen
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Thermogravimetric Study ◽  
Wyoming Bentonite

AbstractFour 15 g samples of an unsedimented Wyoming bentonite were treated with 200 cm3 of 0·025, 0·050, 0·100 and 0·250 mol dm−3 H2SO4 for 1 h at room temperature (samples I–IV, respectively). Three further 15 g samples were treated with 200 cm3 of 50% (v/v) H2SO4 for 1 h at 20°C (sample V), and 1 and 2 h under reflux (samples VI and VII, respectively). X-ray fluorescence and diffraction studies revealed that only samples VI and VII suffered any substantial structural attack. The resulting acidity of the clays, determined by cyclohexylamine desorption, indicated that sample V contained the largest number of protons at 0·59 mmol H+ (g clay)−1. Sample V was also the most efficient catalyst for the dehydration and etherification of hexan-1-ol, giving a combined product yield of 17·0% after 2 h reflux in neat reactant. The parent bentonite and samples I and II showed no discernible catalytic activity despite measured acidities of 0·1, 0·24 and 0·34 mmol H+ (g clay)−1. In contrast samples III and IV gave combined product yields of 4·5 and 11·0%, respectively, which correlated well with the measured acidities of 0·38 and 0·48 mmol H+ (g clay)−1. Samples VI and VII, prepared by reflux in acid, contained 0·3 and 0·1 mmol H+ (g clay)−1, respectively, and gave combined product yields of 13·0 and 6·0%.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bis-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones Derivatives with the Aid of Silica-Supported Preyssler Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gharib ◽  
Bibi Robabeh Hashemipour Khorasani ◽  
Manouchehr Jahangir ◽  
Mina Roshani ◽  
Reza Safaee
Keyword(s):  
Primary Amine ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Isatoic Anhydride ◽  
One Pot ◽  
High Yields ◽  
First Time

One-pot three-component condensation of isatoic anhydride with primary amines or ammonium carbonate and aromatic aldehydes in refluxing ethanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of silica-supported preyssler nanoparticles (SPNP) afforded the corresponding 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in high yields, and bis-dihydroquinazolinones were synthesized for the first time by a novel pseudo-five-component condensation of isatoic anhydride, a primary amine, and a dialdehyde in water. The catalyst is reusable and can be applied several times without any decrease in product yield.

Preparation of α-olefins Through the Steam Cracking Process of Wax From Coal Liquefaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291-1299
Author(s):  
X. Q. Yu ◽  
B. X. Shen ◽  
J. C. Liu ◽  
L. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Steam Cracking ◽  
Cracking Process
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