scholarly journals State-of-the-Art of Optimal Active and Reactive Power Flow: A Comprehensive Review from Various Standpoints

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Ehsan Naderi ◽  
Hossein Narimani ◽  
Mahdi Pourakbari-Kasmaei ◽  
Fernando V. Cerna ◽  
Mousa Marzband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problem ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Reactive Power Flow

Optimal power flow (OPF), a mathematical programming problem extending power flow relationships, is one of the essential tools in the operation and control of power grids. To name but a few, the primary goals of OPF are to meet system demand at minimum production cost, minimum emission, and minimum voltage deviation. Being at the heart of power system problems for half a century, the OPF can be split into two significant categories, namely optimal active power flow (OAPF) and optimal reactive power flow (ORPF). The OPF is spontaneously a complicated non-linear and non-convex problem; however, it becomes more complex by considering different constraints and restrictions having to do with real power grids. Furthermore, power system operators in the modern-day power networks implement new limitations to the problem. Consequently, the OPF problem becomes more and more complex which can exacerbate the situation from mathematical and computational standpoints. Thus, it is crucially important to decipher the most appropriate methods to solve different types of OPF problems. Although a copious number of mathematical-based methods have been employed to handle the problem over the years, there exist some counterpoints, which prevent them from being a universal solver for different versions of the OPF problem. To address such issues, innovative alternatives, namely heuristic algorithms, have been introduced by many researchers. Inasmuch as these state-of-the-art algorithms show a significant degree of convenience in dealing with a variety of optimization problems irrespective of their complexities, they have been under the spotlight for more than a decade. This paper provides an extensive review of the latest applications of heuristic-based optimization algorithms so as to solve different versions of the OPF problem. In addition, a comprehensive review of the available methods from various dimensions is presented. Reviewing about 200 works is the most significant characteristic of this paper that adds significant value to its exhaustiveness.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Analysis of Available Transfer Capability in Deregulated Power System Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.8) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
M Dhana Sai Sri ◽  
P Srinivasa Varma
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Available Transfer Capability ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Transfer Capability ◽  
Power System Market ◽  
Bus System

Reliability of network is need of the hour in the present power system market and is constrained by capability of the network. The network calculations are performed using accurate and high efficient strategies. In order to perform power transactions in the system, the computation of available transfer capability is essential which a metric of capability of the system. Generally, effect wattless power is not taken into account in the methodologies for computation of linear available transfer capability. In this paper, a methodology which considers the reactive power flows for enhancement of linear ATC is presented. In order to perform analysis theoretically, a standard IEEE 3 bus system is considered. Another case study i.e., 14 bus system available in IEEE test systems is used for simulation analysis. FACTS technology is incorporated in the existing system in order to enhance capability of the network. To facilitate transfer maximum power in the system, an optimal power-flow-based ATC enhancement model is formulated and presented along with simulation results. Studies based on the IEEE 3-bus system and 14-bus systems with TCSC demonstrate the effectiveness of FACTS control on ATC enhancement.  

OPTIMAL POWER FLOW AND FAULT ANALYSIS USING UPFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Singh ◽  
Dr. Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Karan Sharma ◽  
Flansha Jain ◽  
Shreyanshu Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Electronics ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Impedance Control ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Unified Power Flow Controller ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
Power Flow Controller

A Power System is actually a vast system that requires an outstanding plan for maintaining the continual flow of electricity. When a fault occurs at the power system, number of difficulties arises because of transients in system. so to attenuate these transients, power electronics based devices like FACTS are utilized. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one among different power electronics controller which can dispense VAR compensation, line impedance control and phase shifting. The thought is to see potential of UPFC to require care of active and reactive power movement within the compensated line (including UPFC) and to shrink the falloff of the bus voltage in case of grounding fault within the cable. power system block consisting of simulink is used for numerical analysis. Simulation outcomes from MATLAB reflects major improvement in the overall system’s behaviour with UPFC in sustain the voltage and power flow even under severe line faults by proper injection of series voltage into the cable at the point of connection. outcomes shows how the UPFC contributes effectively to a faster regaining of the power system to the pre-fault conditions.

scholarly journals Computational Impacts of SVCs on Optimal Power Flow using Approximated Active-Set Interior Point Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Abdullah Sadat ◽  
Xinyang Rui ◽  
mostafa Sahraei-Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Interior Point ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Interior Point Algorithm ◽  
Active Set ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Power Dispatch

Interior point methods (IPMs) are popular and powerful methods for solving large-scale nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problems, such as AC optimal power flow (ACOPF). There are various ways to model ACOPF, depending on the objective and the physical components that need to be optimized. This paper models shunt flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Shunt FACTS devices such as static VAR compensators (SVCs) are sources for reactive power compensations and addressing voltage stability issues. The co-optimization of SVCs with power dispatch can impact the computational performance of ACOPF. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different ACOPF formulations with approximated active-set interior point (AASIP) algorithm and co-optimization of SVC set points alongside other decision variables. Our numerical results suggest that both AASIP and SVCs alone improves the computation performance of almost all formulations. The gain in performance, however, depends on the sparsity of the formulation. The most spares formulation, such as branch power flow rectangular voltages (BPFRV), shows the highest gain in performance. In the event of co-optimizing SVCs with power dispatch using AASIP, the performance gain is minimal. Finally, the results are verified using various test cases ranging from 500-bus systems to 9591-bus systems.

Economic Load Dispatch

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Fuel Cost Minimization

The main objective of the power system is to deliver electric energy to its loads economically and efficiently in a safe and reliable manner. Due to the complicated structure of the present power system network and competitive environment introduced by deregulation, optimal power flow (OPF) and optimal reactive power flow (ORPD) provide efficient exploitation of existing power generations. This chapter describes the detail problem formulation of OPF and ORPD problems. In this study, three different single objectives, namely fuel cost minimization, voltage profile improvement, and transmission loss minimization, are considered. Moreover, in order to judge the effectiveness of the proposed methods for multi-objective scenario, two bi-objectives, namely simultaneous minimization of fuel cost and voltage deviation; simultaneous minimization of fuel cost and transmission loss; and one tri-objective function, namely simultaneous minimization of fuel cost with voltage deviation and loss, are considered.

scholarly journals Reactive Power Transfer via Matrix Converter Controlled by the “One Periodical” Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sieńko ◽  
Jerzy Szczepanik ◽  
Claudia Martis
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Matrix Converter ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
The One

The article describes the application of a straight forward energy converter, a multiphase matrix converter (MC), as part of a device, connected parallel to the power grid, and able to supply variable reactive power flow to the power system. The research performed by authors included the development of control procedures for a multiphase MC, based on a new approach and power system (application) requirements. The multiphase MC structure (6 × 6, 12 × 12) was used since the proposed control procedure creates output as the combination of input voltages. The increased number of phases decreases the order of harmonics in the MC converter similarly as in multilevel converters. This manuscript concentrates on the mathematical analysis of MC work under the “one periodical” algorithm and links it introduces in the power system. The previously developed, spatial-temporal mathematical model of the MC was limited to the dominant (first) harmonic and applied between the grid and reactive load. The results obtained from the analysis of the model showed that, for the applied control procedure (one periodical algorithm), the output voltage is built only from positive or negative sequences of input voltage. Three cases were recognized where the sign input power factor depends on input voltage and control sequence as well as on the value of control frequency. The effects of the model simulation were compared to those obtained from the MATLAB simulation and from the real laboratory 30 kVA-rated model. The main factors analyzed during this research include the expected value and distortion of input current and sign of reactive input power.

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