scholarly journals PROMANCOA Modular Technology for the Valorization of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Agricultural Biowastes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Núñez-Sellés ◽  
Alejandro J. Abril-González ◽  
Marlen Ramil-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modular Technology ◽  
Agriculture Management ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

PROMANCOA modular technology (PMT) aims at the development of modular agricultural biowaste valorization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivars within the concept of circular economy in agriculture management. The modular design includes four modules: (1) green raw material (GRM) selection and collection, (2) GRM processing, (3) GRM extraction, in order to obtain bioactive green extracts (BGE) and bioactive green ingredients (BGI), and (4) quality control, which lead to formula components for food, feed, nutraceutical and/or cosmeceutical products. PMT was applied to mango stem bark and tree branches, and cocoa pod husk and bean shells, from cultivars of mango and cocoa in provinces of the Dominican Republic (DR). PMT might be applied to other agricultural biowastes, where a potential of value-added BGE/BGI may be present. Alongside the market potential of these bioactive ingredients, the reduction of carbon dioxide and methane emissions of agricultural biowastes would be a significant contribution in order to reduce the greenhouse effect of these residuals.

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI SPATIAL DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN ENDOFIT PADA TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) DI BALI

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lilis Riana Tambunan ◽  
Meitini Proborini ◽  
Putu Adriani Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
The Village ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.) can grow well in the highlands and lowlands, a plantation and industrial plantwhich is known as one of the export commodities, as raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industries which cancontribute to an increase in foreign exchange endophytic fungus is a fungus living on a live network of plants such asseeds, leaves, flowers, twigs, stems and roots. Truffles are generally mutualistic endophyte and is known to stimulate thegrowth of plants, capable of producing antibiotics and plant growth regulators (hormones). This study aims to determinethe diversity and identify endophytic fungi on Kakao.yang found in two different locations in Bali, in the village of KajaBuahan District of Payangan, Gianyar and the Village of Tua, Marga, Tabanan regency subdistricts. Research carried outin the field with the exploration methods, isolation, identification and diversity analysis conducted at the Laboratory ofPlant Taxonomy (Mycology), Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Udayana. Laboratoryresearch conducted by isolating the roots, leaves, plant stems and content of the soil (rhizosphere) cocoa. Once isolated,grown on PDA medium subsequently incubated at room temperature 250C. Isolates that grow back isolated and purifiedon a PDA medium for further identified to the genera or species level. A total of six isolates of endophytic fungi identifiedin the rhizosphere and cocoa plant that is where four of these isolates were identified to species, two isolates were notidentified until genus. Fungi were identified namely Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporiumsphaeropermum, Trichoderma viride, isolates 1 and 2 isolates.Keywords: cocoa, endophytic fungi, highlands and lowlands

scholarly journals Possible Antioxidant and Haematinic Properties of the Stem Bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
B. O. Oluwatayo ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
C. C. Wali ◽  
O. A. Olayanju ◽  
A. E. J. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Background: This study investigated the potential antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 126 g – 224 g were grouped randomly into 4groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received water while groups 2, 3 and 4 rats were given 1000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg b.wt of the extract respectively for 28days. On the 29th day, the rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for analysis of some haematological parameters, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidant activities. Results: The results obtained showed that there was significant increase (p<0.001) in SOD, Catalase activities and MDA levels in a dose dependent manner. The results also showed significant increase (p<0.001) in RBC Group 2, 3 and 4 rats when compared to the Group1. Significant increase was also observed in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) level in group 2 and 3 rats (p<0.001). Mean corpuscular volume was significantly increased in group 2 rats (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study showed the antioxidant and hematinic potentials of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L.The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. has a potential antioxidative and hematinic effects in Wistar rats. This is largely due to its rich phytochemical and nutritive contents. Further research work will be needed to see the possible application of these properties in humans.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening (Qualitative Analysis) of Cacao Leaves (Theobroma cacao L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesty Parbuntari ◽  
Yona Prestica ◽  
Rizki Gunawan ◽  
Meri Novia Nurman ◽  
Fransiska Adella
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

One of the important processes of cocoa plants growing is pruning. It aims to eliminate sick, broken, or the appearance of water buds disturbing the cacao production. The period of pruning is varios. The various periods of pruning lead to leave wide waste of leaves, stems, and twigs. Yet the waste would not been used to other activities, only a small portion of the waste used as natural fuel (stems and twigs) and cocoa leaves waste as animal feed. Phytochemicals naturally present in every part of plants range from leaves, stem bark, fruits to roots. Secondary metabolites are natural products from plants which include alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, sapponin compounds, etc. This study performed some phytochemical characterisations. It have confirmed that cacoa leaves consist some of bioactives compounds which are potential for furhter activities in pharmaceutical disease.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Theobroma cacao L. stem bark ethanol extract and its fractions in experimental models

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabitiu A. Oyeleke ◽  
Abayomi M. Ajayi ◽  
Solomon Umukoro ◽  
A.O. Aderibigbe ◽  
Olusegun George Ademowo
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Identifying Cocoa Marketing System (Theobroma Cacao L.) at Utcubamba and Bagua Provinces in the Region of Amazonas-Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Vicente M. Castañeda Chávez ◽  
Polito M. Huayama Sopla ◽  
Pablo A. Rituay Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study was to identify the marketing system of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) traditionally used by producers in the provinces of Utcubamba and Bagua in the Amazonas region in Peru. Materials and methods: The study was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method, using direct interviews with a specified population that consisted of 90 producers out of a total of 1239 affiliates grouped in 3 agricultural organizations. The study was developed in 2017. Results: The cocoa marketing system in the Amazonas region is related to the traditionally used forms and methods of production as well as to the agents involved in it. Conclusions: The cocoa marketing system identified in the provinces under study is a free market governed by laws of supply and demand with the sale of the product to intermediaries mainly in its fresh state and as raw material.

scholarly journals Ekstrak Lemak Sisa Biji Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) menggunakan Pengekstrakan Bendalir Lampau-genting dan Perbandingan Fizikokimianya dengan Lemak Koko (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901-1911
Author(s):  
Norhelaliah Isa ◽  
Noor-Soffalina Sofian-Seng ◽  
Wan Aida Wan Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Buah mangga boleh dimakan segar atau diproses menjadi jus dan jeruk tetapi hanya isi digunakan dan bijinya dibuang. Kajian terdahulu mendapati bahawa biji mangga mempunyai lemak seperti lemak koko. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi pemakanan dalam sisa biji jeruk mangga (SBJr) dan sisa biji jus mangga (SBJs); jumlah lemak antara SBJr dan SBJs melalui pengekstrakan bendalir lampau-genting (SFE); serta komposisi asid lemak dan takat lebur gelincir (SMP) terhadap lemak koko komersil (LK). Analisis proksimat menunjukkan bahawa SBJr dan SBJs mengandungi karbohidrat, lemak, protein, abu dan kelembapan. Pengekstrakan lemak SBJr dan SBJs menggunakan SFE (suhu 72 °C; tekanan 42.4 Mpa; 60 min; 4 mLmin-1 CO₂) menunjukkan lemak SBJr lebih tinggi(p<0.05) (6.4%) berbanding SBJs (3.37%). Lima jenis asid lemak ditemui dalam SBJr, SBJs dan LK iaitu asid palmitik, stearik, oleik, linoleik dan linolenik dengan kandungan (%) yang berbeza(p<0.05) bagi semua sampel. SMP bagi lemak SBJr (34.2 °C) lebih tinggi (p<0.5) diikuti oleh SBJs (32.17 °C) dan LK (30.27 °C). Walaupun ciri-ciri kimia lemak SBJr dan SBJs berbeza dengan LK, tetapi kedua-duanya berpotensi sebagai pengganti LK yang lebih baik kerana mengandungi asid lemak tak tepu yang lebih tinggi(p<0.05) dan asid lemak tepu yang lebih rendah(p<0.05) daripada LK. Penggunaan SBJr lebih praktikal kerana kandungan lemaknya tinggi dan SMP lemak ini sesuai dengan keadaan cuaca tropika.

scholarly journals Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation among Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Populations Based on Chloroplast Markers

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Helmuth Edisson Nieves-Orduña ◽  
Markus Müller ◽  
Konstantin V. Krutovsky ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotypes ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is native to the Amazon basin and widely cultivated in the tropics to produce seeds, the valuable raw material for the chocolate industry. Conservation of cacao genetic resources and their availability for breeding and production programs are vital for securing cacao supply. However, relatively little is still known about the phylogeographic structure of natural cacao populations. We studied the geographic distribution of cpDNA variation in different populations representing natural cacao stands, cacao farms in Ecuador, and breeding populations. We used six earlier published cacao chloroplast microsatellite markers to genotype 233 cacao samples. In total, 23 chloroplast haplotypes were identified. The highest variation of haplotypes was observed in western Amazonia including geographically restricted haplotypes. Two observed haplotypes were widespread across the Amazon basin suggesting long distance seed dispersal from west to east in Amazonia. Most cacao genetic groups identified earlier using nuclear SSRs are associated with specific chloroplast haplotypes. A single haplotype was common in selections representing cacao plantations in west Ecuador and reference Trinitario accessions. Our results can be used to determine the chloroplast diversity of accessions and in combination with phenotypic assessments can help to select geographically distinctive varieties for cacao breeding programs.

scholarly journals Produção de serapilheira em sistema agroflorestal multiestratificado no Estado de Rondônia, Brasil

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Luíz de Oliveira Corrêa ◽  
José Darlan Ramos ◽  
Antônio Carlos da Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
Manfred Willer Müller
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Theobroma Grandiflorum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção de serapilheira em diferentes coberturas frutíferas e florestais componentes de um sistema agroflorestal multiestratificado localizado no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO, Brasil. As espécies avaliadas foram: mangueira (Mangifera indica L.), fruta-pão (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg), cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum), abacateiro (Persea americana Mill.), cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) sombreado com gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.) e as espécies florestais, a bandarra (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) e a teca (Tectona grandis L.f.). Como referência foi utilizada uma área de vegetação natural (capoeira), de 8 anos de idade. A deposição anual de serapilheira entre o período de outubro de 2002 e setembro de 2003 foi de 13,38 t ha-1 para a vegetação natural, 4,02 t ha-1 para bandarra, 3,43 t ha-1 para gliricídia, 2,86 t ha-1para abacateiro, 2,54 t ha-1 para fruta-pão, 1,40 t ha-1 para o cupuaçuzeiro, 1,16 t ha-1 para o cacaueiro, 1,12 t ha-1 para mangueira e 1,07 t ha-1 para a teca. A vegetação natural, a bandarra e o cacaueiro apresentaram uma maior deposição no período seco (verão), enquanto que a fruta-pão, cupuaçuzeiro, mangueira, teca, gliricídia e abacateiro as maiores deposições foram no período chuvoso (inverno). Por outro lado a serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo foi de 14,61 t ha-1 na mangueira, 12,8 t ha-1 na bandarra, 12,73 t ha-1 na vegetação natural, 12,04 t ha-1, no abacateiro, 9,87 t ha-1 no cacaueiro/gliricídia, 9,88 t ha-1 no cupuaçuzeiro, 9,05 t ha-1 na fruta-pão e 7,39 t ha-1 na teca.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PETATAS (Ipomea Patatas L) MENJADI TEPUNG DI KAMPUNG BERSEHATI DISTRIK TANAH MIRING KABUPATEN MERAUKE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohammad Choirul Anam ◽  
Maria Maghdalena Diana Widiastuti ◽  
David Oscar Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
Sweet Potato Flour ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

these activities were not sustainable. This study aims to identify various opportunities, strengths,weaknesses and threats, examine internal external factors, formulate and determine selected strategies indeveloping sweet potatos flour business using the SWOT matrix. Determination of selected strategies isdone using the QSPM matrix. The research was conducted from March to June 2018, in the pet flourprocessing business group of the Village of Salted District of Tanah Miring District of Merauke Regency.The results showed that IFAS (Internal Factor Summary) factors in the sweet potato flour business werethe availability of raw material for sweet potato, lack of equipment and use of technology, limitedavailability of capital, adequate human resources and less than optimal management. EFAS factor (ExternalFactor Summary) in the sweet potato flour business is the support of the village and communitygovernments very well, the market potential is quite good, price fluctuations, lack of competitiveness andthe role of the Government. The SWOT analysis formulated 11 (Eleven) alternative strategies fordeveloping sweet potato flour namely : 1; Collaborating with the Government through a work program tofunction, to operate and develop flour business 2; Improve marketing networks by adding marketingpartners 3; Promoting back to the community that sweet potato flour products are local products as superiorproducts of Merauke Regency 4; Organizing internal training sustainable business management (routinemeetings) 5; Requesting capital from the Government to advance business 6; Need to conduct an analysisof petroleum flour business studies 7; Establish attractive product promotion 8; Create (value added) forflour products. 9; Create and develop a system storage of raw materials 10: Conducting training on how tomanage business capital (financial management) 11; Increasing technology for preserving sweet potatoflour. Furthermore, based on the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrixs) matrix, there are 2 (two)alternatives that have the highest score as the first strategy done first 1: Collaborating with the Governmentthrough work programs to enable, to operate and develop sweet potato flour business, total alternativescores 5,12. And the last strategy that needs to be done is a study of the analysis of sweet potato flourbusiness, a total alternative score of 1,42.Keywords: QSPM Analysis, SWOT Matrix, Development Strategy, sweet potato Flour.

scholarly journals Ação do fungo Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst., isolado de diversos hospedeiros, sobre mudas de cacaueiro

Bragantia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Joaquim Coral ◽  
Odair Alves Bovi ◽  
Ivan Jose Antunes Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Em condições de casa de vegetação, foi verificada a patogenicidade de diferentes cepas de Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. sobre mudas de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.). As cepas foram obtidas dos seguintes hospedeiros: Cajanus cajans L.; Acacia decurrens Willd; Crotalaria juncea L., e Mangifera indica L. Os cultivares de cacaueiro utilizados foram os seguintes: SCA 6 x ICS 8; SCA 6 x UF 667; SCA 12 x UF 677; SCA 12 x UF 667; IMC 67 x UF 668; ICS 45 x SCA 6; ICS 45 x SCA 12; ICS 95 x SCA 12 e UF 677 x SCA 6. Após 120 dias de observações, verificou-se que nenhuma das cepas de Ceratocystis inoculadas causou qualquer tipo de sintomas nas plantas de cacaueiro.

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