scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Fibrin-Based Bioprinted Constructs Containing Drug-Releasing Microspheres for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Rebecca Kirsch ◽  
Karolina Papera Valente ◽  
Milena Restan Perez ◽  
Stephanie Michelle Willerth
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Tissue Constructs

Three-dimensional bioprinting can fabricate precisely controlled 3D tissue constructs. This process uses bioinks—specially tailored materials that support the survival of incorporated cells—to produce tissue constructs. The properties of bioinks, such as stiffness and porosity, should mimic those found in desired tissues to support specialized cell types. Previous studies by our group validated soft substrates for neuronal cultures using neural cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). It is important to confirm that these bioprinted tissues possess mechanical properties similar to native neural tissues. Here, we assessed the physical and mechanical properties of bioprinted constructs generated from our novel microsphere containing bioink. We measured the elastic moduli of bioprinted constructs with and without microspheres using a modified Hertz model. The storage and loss modulus, viscosity, and shear rates were also measured. Physical properties such as microstructure, porosity, swelling, and biodegradability were also analyzed. Our results showed that the elastic modulus of constructs with microspheres was 1032 ± 59.7 Pascal (Pa), and without microspheres was 728 ± 47.6 Pa. Mechanical strength and printability were significantly enhanced with the addition of microspheres. Thus, incorporating microspheres provides mechanical reinforcement, which indicates their suitability for future applications in neural tissue engineering.

Directing Axonal Growth: A Review on the Fabrication of Fibrous Scaffolds That Promotes the Orientation of Axons

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Devindraan Sirkkunan ◽  
Belinda Pingguan-Murphy ◽  
Farina Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Axonal Growth ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Specialized Function

Tissues are commonly defined as groups of cells that have similar structure and uniformly perform a specialized function. A lesser-known fact is that the placement of these cells within these tissues plays an important role in executing its functions, especially for neuronal cells. Hence, the design of a functional neural scaffold has to mirror these cell organizations, which are brought about by the configuration of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins. In this review, we will briefly discuss the various characteristics considered when making neural scaffolds. We will then focus on the cellular orientation and axonal alignment of neural cells within their ECM and elaborate on the mechanisms involved in this process. A better understanding of these mechanisms could shed more light onto the rationale of fabricating the scaffolds for this specific functionality. Finally, we will discuss the scaffolds used in neural tissue engineering (NTE) and the methods used to fabricate these well-defined constructs.

scholarly journals Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Fibrous Scaffolds with Piezoelectric Characteristics for Bone and Neural Tissue Engineering

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Liao ◽  
Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Small Pore

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE) with excellent piezoelectricity and good biocompatibility are attractive materials for making functional scaffolds for bone and neural tissue engineering applications. Electrospun PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds can produce electrical charges during mechanical deformation, which can provide necessary stimulation for repairing bone defects and damaged nerve cells. As such, these fibrous mats promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone and neural cells on their surfaces. Furthermore, aligned PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) fibrous mats can enhance neurite growth along the fiber orientation direction. These beneficial effects derive from the formation of electroactive, polar β-phase having piezoelectric properties. Polar β-phase can be induced in the PVDF fibers as a result of the polymer jet stretching and electrical poling during electrospinning. Moreover, the incorporation of TrFE monomer into PVDF can stabilize the β-phase without mechanical stretching or electrical poling. The main drawbacks of electrospinning process for making piezoelectric PVDF-based scaffolds are their small pore sizes and the use of highly toxic organic solvents. The small pore sizes prevent the infiltration of bone and neuronal cells into the scaffolds, leading to the formation of a single cell layer on the scaffold surfaces. Accordingly, modified electrospinning methods such as melt-electrospinning and near-field electrospinning have been explored by the researchers to tackle this issue. This article reviews recent development strategies, achievements and major challenges of electrospun PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Pyrrole Plasma Polymer-Coated Electrospun Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Diana María Osorio-Londoño ◽  
José Rafael Godínez-Fernández ◽  
Ma. Cristina Acosta-García ◽  
Juan Morales-Corona ◽  
Roberto Olayo-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Plasma Polymer ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Mtt Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Cell Structures

Promising strategies for neural tissue engineering are based on the use of three-dimensional substrates for cell anchorage and tissue development. In this work, fibrillar scaffolds composed of electrospun randomly- and aligned-oriented fibers coated with plasma synthesized pyrrole polymer, doped and undoped with iodine, were fabricated and characterized. Infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the functional groups and molecular integration of each scaffold, as well as the effect of plasma polymer synthesis on crystallinity. Scanning microscopy imaging demonstrated the porous fibrillar micrometric structure of the scaffolds, which afforded adhesion, infiltration, and survival for the neural cells. Orientation analysis of electron microscope images confirmed the elongation of neurite-like cell structures elicited by undoped plasma pyrrole polymer-coated aligned scaffolds, without any biochemical stimuli. The MTT colorimetric assay validated the biocompatibility of the fabricated composite materials, and further evidenced plasma pyrrole polymer-coated aligned scaffolds as permissive substrates for the support of neural cells. These results suggest plasma synthesized pyrrole polymer-coated aligned scaffolds are promising materials for tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Biomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rodríguez Doblado ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Manuel Monleón Pradas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Axonal Regrowth ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers

The therapy of neural nerve injuries that involve the disruption of axonal pathways or axonal tracts has taken a new dimension with the development of tissue engineering techniques. When peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or neurodegenerative disease occur, the intricate architecture undergoes alterations leading to growth inhibition and loss of guidance through large distance. To improve the limitations of purely cell-based therapies, the neural tissue engineering philosophy has emerged. Efforts are being made to produce an ideal scaffold based on synthetic and natural polymers that match the exact biological and mechanical properties of the tissue. Furthermore, through combining several components (biomaterials, cells, molecules), axonal regrowth is facilitated to obtain a functional recovery of the neural nerve diseases. The main objective of this review is to investigate the recent approaches and applications of neural tissue engineering approaches.

scholarly journals Hydrogel systems and their role in neural tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (162) ◽  
pp. 20190505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Madhusudanan ◽  
Gayathri Raju ◽  
Sahadev Shankarappa
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Neural Origin ◽  
Neural Growth ◽  
The Right

Neural tissue engineering (NTE) is a rapidly progressing field that promises to address several serious neurological conditions that are currently difficult to treat. Selecting the right scaffolding material to promote neural and non-neural cell differentiation as well as axonal growth is essential for the overall design strategy for NTE. Among the varieties of scaffolds, hydrogels have proved to be excellent candidates for culturing and differentiating cells of neural origin. Considering the intrinsic resistance of the nervous system against regeneration, hydrogels have been abundantly used in applications that involve the release of neurotrophic factors, antagonists of neural growth inhibitors and other neural growth-promoting agents. Recent developments in the field include the utilization of encapsulating hydrogels in neural cell therapy for providing localized trophic support and shielding neural cells from immune activity. In this review, we categorize and discuss the various hydrogel-based strategies that have been examined for neural-specific applications and also highlight their strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss future prospects and challenges ahead for the utilization of hydrogels in NTE.

scholarly journals Engineering Biocompatible Hydrogel Fibers With Tunable Mechanical Properties For Neural Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Samanipour ◽  
Hamed Tahmooressi ◽  
Hojatollah Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Kabilan Sakthivel ◽  
Adel Yavarinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

Abstract Neural tissue engineering holds a great promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and peripheral nerve injuries. However, the anisotropic mechanical and electrical properties of the highly aligned neural cells have hindered the development of a faithful in vitro disease models. In this study, a core-shell microfluidic extrusion method is implemented to fabricate a cell-laden composite hydrogel fiber with tunable mechanical properties. The hybrid hydrogel was formed using a core of GelMA mixed with gelatin seeded with human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) and an alginate shell. The composition of the core hydrogel was optimized to support cellular growth and differentiation, yet allow a feasible fabrication of cell-laden fibers. The engineered fibers were remarkably biocompatible and enabled the formation of highly aligned cellular morphology.

scholarly journals Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Harmaen Ahmad Saffian ◽  
Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Khalina Abdan ◽  
Nur Kartinee Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Modified Lignin

In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm3. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator.

scholarly journals Spidroin Silk Fibers with Bioactive Motifs of Extracellular Proteins for Neural Tissue Engineering

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica A. Revkova ◽  
Konstantin V. Sidoruk ◽  
Vladimir A. Kalsin ◽  
Pavel A. Melnikov ◽  
Mikhail A. Konoplyannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Silk Fibers

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials for Neural Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-Shuan Lee ◽  
Treena Livingston Arinzeh
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering
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