scholarly journals Modeling, Control, and Optimization of Multi-Generation and Hybrid Energy Systems

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Kody M. Powell ◽  
Kasra Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Increasing Trend

As renewable energy technologies decrease in cost and become more prevalent, there is an increasing trend towards electrification of many energy systems [...]

scholarly journals Powering community electrical loads in Cameroon using off-grid hybrid energy systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Dan Nchelatebe Nkwetta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Electrical Loads

The millions of users in developing countries often live far off the electric grid (rural areas) which seems not very cost effective extending the national grid to these rural areas as per respective governments. Africa’s total primary energy supply has seen an increasing annual rate of about 3%, seeming to be the highest among all other continents. The African continent as a whole is endowed with large renewable energy potential, varying in type across diverse geographic locations. These resources, and the settings in which they exist, can point to country or regional specific renewable energy solutions to fit each nation’s strengths and needs. In Sub-Saharan Africa, reliable access to electric power must be consider a basic precondition to improve people’s lives as it further promote education, health care and economic growth via the creation of sustainable and clean energy jobs. Until recently, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been confronted with a huge up-front cost and technologies in development but massive and global deployment of renewable energy systems has led to significant cost reductions and performance improvements and the hope is to see increasing uptake of RETs by African countries. Cameroon a Central African country is heavily reliant on hydropower, which contributes an estimated 60% to the country’s total installed 1,400MW capacity in 2015. In addition, there is constants power failure due to the non-reliability of the electric grid and load shedding to meet increasing demand. However, climate change poses additional huge risk (large reservoirs and dams drying up) and to meet the increasing demand, Cameroon is being forced to seek alternative power sources. This paper proposes the need for a sustainable hybrid energy system design and the development of an effective design, simulation and analysis approach of stand-alone off-grid in Cameroon as a potential optimal solution to help power community electrical loads. Finding an optimized mix of renewable energy technologies for Bandjoun and Muyuka were the goals of this paper.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Entrepreneurs: A Conceptual Framework

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avri Eitan ◽  
Gillad Rosen ◽  
Lior Herman ◽  
Itay Fishhendler
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Means Of Production

The adoption of renewable energies contributes to sustainable development worldwide. Entrepreneurs are key agents in facilitating their promotion, as they improve the mix of the means of production and thus transform renewable energy technologies into viable energy systems. Nonetheless, the literature tends to treat entrepreneurs as a homogeneous group, thus preventing comprehensive understanding of their motivations, behaviors, capabilities, and effects. This study addresses this research gap by identifying and categorizing the various characteristics of these entrepreneurs and developing an integrated classification method. Four examples of renewable energy entrepreneurs, in China, Denmark, Germany, and India, are analyzed according to the proposed classification method, while demonstrating their differences. Thus, through proposing a new analytical typology, this study improves our understanding of renewable energy entrepreneurs and their significant role in the promotion of renewable energy worldwide.

A Review on Optimization Modeling of Hybrid Energy Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-62
Author(s):  
Marwa Mallek ◽  
Jalel Euchi ◽  
Yacin Jerbi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

Hybrid energy systems (HESs) are an excellent solution for electrification of remote rural areas where the grid extension is difficult or not economical. Usually, HES generally integrate one or several renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal with fossil fuel powered diesel/petrol generator to provide electric power where the electricity is either fed directly into the grid or to batteries for energy storage. This chapter presents a review on the solution approaches for determining the HES systems based on various objective functions (e.g. economic, social, technical, environmental and health impact). In order to take account of environmental and health impacts from energy systems, several energy optimization model was developed for minimizing pollution and maximizing the production of renewable energy.

Assessment of hybrid urban renewable energy potential through sector coupling of photovoltaic electricity and geothermal heat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Walch ◽  
Romain Sibuet ◽  
Roberto Castello ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
System Configurations

<p>To fulfil ambitious targets for reducing CO<sub>2</sub>-emissions in the building sector, the design of new neighbourhoods or the retrofitting of existing buildings requires an increasingly high use of renewable energy (REN). The coupling of heat and electricity in hybrid energy systems hereby plays a key role, as it allows to cover the needs of both sectors using renewable sources. Existing case studies of hybrid energy systems for individual buildings or neighbourhoods are often highly specific to a given location, and it is difficult to draw generalisable conclusions. This work hence aims at the development of a hybrid energy systems model based on large-scale databases of renewable energy potential with high spatial and temporal resolution, in this case for Switzerland. The resulting model may be used to obtain comparable results for case studies across the country or scaled up to the national level. For this, our approach integrates national-scale databases of hourly solar photovoltaic (PV) potential [1] and ground-source heat pump (GSHP) potential [2] for individual buildings with their modelled heat and electricity demand.</p><p>The presented work consists of three steps. First, hourly energy demand for heat and electricity of the residential and service sectors is derived for the entire Swiss building stock. The hourly demand model combines a top-down modelling of annual energy demand with a bottom-up mapping of hourly demand profiles. Second, the energy demand profiles are matched with the renewable energy potentials in hybrid energy systems, at the scale of individual buildings and neighbourhoods. We further add flexibility options to these systems, such as thermal energy storage. Third, the size of the renewable technologies and the storage options are optimised such as to maximise the autonomy level of the resulting hybrid energy systems. The autonomy level is obtained through the modelling of the system dynamics at monthly-mean-hourly temporal resolution, i.e. at hourly resolution for a typical day per month. This reduces the computational complexity of the approach and assures its scalability to the national level.</p><p>The above workflow is tested on a neighbourhood in Geneva, Switzerland, and the resulting optimal system configurations are compared across different building types in the residential and service sector, and for different shares of REN generation. We show how different system configurations, such as the combined use of PV and GSHPs, as well as the addition of flexibility through the use of a thermal energy storage, impact the self-sufficiency and autonomy level of buildings and neighbourhoods. While the presented work focuses on one neighbourhood only, future extensions will aim at applying the model to the Swiss national scale using all data in the national REN databases. This will allow to compare the feasibility of different system configurations with high REN shares across the country.</p><p> </p><p>[1] Alina Walch, Roberto Castello et al. ‘Big Data Mining for the Estimation of Hourly Rooftop Photovoltaic Potential and Its Uncertainty’. <em>Applied Energy</em> 262 (2020).</p><p>[2] Alina Walch, Nahid Mohajeri, et al. ‘Quantifying the Technical Geothermal Potential from Shallow Borehole Heat Exchangers at Regional Scale’. <em>Renewable Energy</em> 165 (2021).</p>

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies for the Energy Systems of the Future

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam ◽  
Vahid Vahidinasab ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo ◽  
Reza Razzaghi ◽  
Fazel Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
The Way

The way the world gets its energy is undergoing a rapid transition, driven by both the increased urgency of decarbonizing energy systems and the plummeting costs of renewable energy technologies [...]

Optimum Design of Standalone Hybrid Energy Systems Minimizing Waste of Renewable Energy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. D. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

The importance of integrating renewable energy sources into standalone energy systems is highlighted in recent literature. Maintaining energy efficiency is challenging in designing such hybrid energy systems (HES) due to seasonal variation of renewable energy potential. This study evaluates the limitations in minimizing the losses in renewable energy generated mainly due to energy storage limitations and minimizing fuel consumption of the internal combustion generator (ICG). A standalone hybrid energy system with Solar PV (SPV), wind, battery bank and an ICG is modeled and optimized in this work. Levelized Energy Cost (LEC), Waste of Renewable Energy (WRE) and Fuel Consumption (FC) are taken as objective functions. Results highlight the importance of considering WRE as an objective function which increase the mix of energy sources that can help to increase the reliability of the system.

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