scholarly journals Impact of Environmental Conditions on Growth and the Phenolic Profile of Achillea atrata L.

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Lysanne Salomon ◽  
Peter Lorenz ◽  
Bernhard Ehrmann ◽  
Otmar Spring ◽  
Florian C. Stintzing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

Achillea atrata L. is a traditionally used medicinal plant. With its pronounced antimicrobial potential, this alpine Achillea species may also be used in modern phytotherapy to treat MRSA infections and prevent dermal infections, such as acne vulgaris. For the present study, A. atrata was cultivated in its natural habitat in Switzerland as well as in Germany to elucidate the potential of standardizing plant material derived from this species for pharmaceutical production. Phytochemical characterization of phenolic constituents by HPLC-DAD-MSn revealed that environmental conditions have only a minor impact on the phenolic profile. Metabolic differences between cultivated and wild plants grown in the same environment suggested the possible existence of genetically derived chemotypes. In total, 28 substances were identified, with marked differences in the occurrence of phenolic compounds observed between flowers and leaves. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, 7 phenolic compounds have been reported for the first time in A. atrata in the present study. The quantitation of individual constituents revealed their contents to depend on environmental factors and to reach their maximum at increasing altitudes. The results here presented may help to select and cultivate A. atrata plant material with defined and constant compound profiles, which is of particular importance for potential pharmaceutical use.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Potentials of Hunteria umbellata Seed Extracts on Some Key Enzymes of Diabetes Mellitus with Profiling of its Phenolic Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habeeb A. Bankole
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Seed Extracts

Background: The seeds of Hunteria umbellatais a common folkloric plant used in the management of Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Though there are many reports on its antidiabetic potential, there is a scarcity of information on its mechanisms of antidiabetic action. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of antidiabetic action of H. umbellata seed by evaluating the inhibitory effect of its extracts on enzymes that are targeted in the management of diabetes mellitus. Methods: Dried seeds of H. umbellata were powdered and extracted separately in water and ethanol. Alpha-amylase, α-glucosidase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitory activities of the concentrated extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the phenolic profile of the seed was determined using HPLC-UV analysis. Results: The inhibitory effect of both ethanol and aqueous extracts H. umbellataon the selected enzymes were similar with IC50 value of 40.36 ± 2.92 and 40.25 ± 4.53 mg/mL for α-amylase, 45.42 ±2.44 and 39.32 ± 3.46 mg/mL for α-glucosidase, and 36.25 ± 2.31 and 32.35 ± 1.53 mg/mL for sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that α-amylase was inhibited competitively, while both α-glucosidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were inhibited in a non-competitive manner. The phenolic compounds identified in the H. umbellata seed were gallic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. Conclusion: The H. umbellata seed extract’s antidiabetic action may be by inhibiting the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. This inhibition could be due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds in the plant.

Betacyanins and Phenolic Compounds from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhavia erecta L.

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian C. Stintzing ◽  
Dietmar Kammerer ◽  
Andreas Schieber ◽  
Hilou Adama ◽  
Odile G. Nacoulma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides

Stem bark extracts of Boerhavia erecta L. (erect spiderling) and Amaranthus spinosus L. (spiny amaranth), two wild growing weed plants used in traditional African medicine, were characterized with respect to their phenolic profile including the betalains. While the main betalains in A. spinosus were identified as amaranthine and isoamaranthine, the major betacyanins in B. erecta were betanin, isobetanin together with neobetanin. The latter showed higher betalain concentrations amounting to 186 mg/100 g, while the former contained 24 mg betacyanins in 100 g of the ground plant material. Extracts of A. spinosus were found to contain hydroxycinnamates, quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, whereas catechins, procyanidins and quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin glycosides were detected in B. erecta. The amounts of these compounds ranged from 305 mg/100 g for A. spinosus to 329 mg/100 g for B. erecta.

scholarly journals Phenolic Composition Influences the Effectiveness of Fining Agents in Vegan-Friendly Red Wine Production

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Río Segade ◽  
Maria Alessandra Paissoni ◽  
Mar Vilanova ◽  
Vincenzo Gerbi ◽  
Luca Rolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Fining Agents ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Wine Color

Plant proteins have been proposed as an alternative to animal-origin proteins in the wine industry because they are allergen-free and vegan-friendly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant proteins as fining agents on red wines with different phenolic composition. Two formulations for commercially available vegetal proteins (potato and pea origin) were assessed at two doses to modulate the fining treatment to the wine phenolic profile. The results evidenced that fining agents derived from plants have different levels of effectiveness on the removal of phenolic compounds depending on the origin, the formulation used, dose applied, and also wine characteristics. On Nebbiolo wine, the study was particularly significant due to its phenolic composition. One pea-based fining agent had an effect comparable to gelatin (animal origin) on the removal of polymeric flavanols with a minor loss of anthocyanins and therefore better preserving the wine color in terms of intensity and hue. For Primitivo, Montepulciano, and Syrah wines, even though there was a formulation-dependent effect, vegetal proteins gave more balanced reductions in terms of target phenolic compounds contributing to astringency and color perception.

scholarly journals By-Products of Camu-Camu [Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh] as Promising Sources of Bioactive High Added-Value Food Ingredients: Functionalization of Yogurts

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Conceição ◽  
Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽  
Camila B. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Myrciaria Dubia ◽  
By Products ◽  
Fruit Part

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) is a fruit economically relevant to the Amazon region, mostly consumed in the form of processed pulp. Our aim was to perform an unprecedented comparative study on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the camu-camu pulp and industrial bio-residues (peel and seed), and then the most promising fruit part was further explored as a functionalized ingredient in yogurt. A total of twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified, with myricetin-O-pentoside and cyanindin-3-O-glucoside being the main compounds in peels, followed by p-coumaroyl hexoside in the pulp, and ellagic acid in the seeds. The peel displayed the richest phenolic profile among samples, as well as the most significant antibacterial (MICs = 0.625–10 mg/mL) and anti-proliferative (GI50 = 180 µg/mL against HeLa cells) activities. For this reason, it was selected to be introduced in a food system (yogurt). Taken together, our results suggest the possibility of using the camu-camu peel as a source of food additives.

scholarly journals An Insight into Kiwiberry Leaf Valorization: Phenolic Composition, Bioactivity and Health Benefits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Silva ◽  
Diana Pinto ◽  
Iva Fernandes ◽  
Victor de Freitas ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Solar Exposure ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

During kiwiberry production, different by-products are generated, including leaves that are removed to increase the fruit’s solar exposure. The aim of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from kiwiberry leaf by employing microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Compatible food solvents (water and ethanol) were employed. The alcoholic extract contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (629.48 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of plant material on dry weight (dw) (GAE/g dw) and 136.81 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of plant material on dw (CAE/g dw), respectively). Oppositely, the hydroalcoholic extract achieved the highest antioxidant activity and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (IC50 = 29.10 μg/mL for O2•−, IC50 = 1.87 μg/mL for HOCl and IC50 = 1.18 μg/mL for •NO). The phenolic profile showed the presence of caffeoylquinic acids, proanthocyanidin, and quercetin in all samples. However, caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin were detected in higher amounts in the alcoholic extract, while proanthocyanidins were prevalent in the hydroalcoholic extract. No adverse effects were observed on Caco-2 viability, while the highest concentration (1000 µg/mL) of hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts conducted to a decrease of HT29-MTX viability. These results highlight the MAE potentialities to extract bioactive compounds from kiwiberry leaf.

scholarly journals Differences in the Phenolic Profile by UPLC Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Antioxidant Capacity of Two Diospyros kaki Varieties

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Adelaida Esteban-Muñoz ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Giménez-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Olalla-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Matrix Interferences ◽  
Individual Health

Background: phenolic compounds are bioactive chemical species derived from fruits and vegetables, with a plethora of healthy properties. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) due to the presence of many different classes of phenolic compounds. However, the analysis of individual phenolic compounds is difficult due to matrix interferences. Methods: the aim of this research was the evaluation of individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the pulp of two varieties of persimmon (Rojo Brillante and Triumph) by an improved extraction procedure together with a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS platform. Results: the phenolic compounds composition of persimmon was characterized by the presence of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzaldehydes, dihydrochalcones, tyrosols, flavanols, flavanones, and flavonols. A total of 31 compounds were identified and 17 compounds were quantified. Gallic acid was the predominant phenolic compounds found in the Rojo Brillante variety (0.953 mg/100 g) whereas the concentration of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was higher in the Triumph option (0.119 mg/100 g). Conclusions: the results showed that the Rojo Brillante variety had higher quantities of phenolic compounds than the Triumph example. These data could be used as reference in future phenolic compound databases when individual health effects of phenolic compounds become available.

Identification of Plant Material by Its Phenolic Content

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
M Bonner Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Flavonol Glycosides ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbance ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

Abstract Methods have been developed to extract and chroniatograph phenolic constituents of Mains sylvestris and Pyrus communis fruits. Differences in the occurrence of flavonoid compounds between the two fruits and between pulp and peel in a given fruit were compared; the flavonol glycosides most conveniently demonstrated the differences. Five major and three minor flavonol glycosides from Stayman apples and two major and two minor ones from Packingham pears were separated by thin layer chromatograpliy. All of the major and some of the minor compounds were also described by ultraviolet absorbance spectra. Studies show that fruits can be distinguished on the basis of chromatographic patterns of the flavonol glycosides and that the results can be confirmed by their ultraviolet absorbance spectra

scholarly journals Comparative study of some bioactive compounds and their antioxidant activity of some berry types

10.5219/1132 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Aly ◽  
Rabab Maraei ◽  
Omneya Abou El-Leel
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Red Currant

Berries are wealthy in bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds and flavonoids that are deemed antioxidants and are great important to health. This research was performed to examine, recognize and compare bioactive compounds in certain types of berries and their antioxidant activity. The data show that blue berry, black berry and Egyptian black mulberry contain the highest content of most bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins, while long mulberry and red currant berry have the lowest content for most of these compounds. They therefore, contain the highest value of antioxidant activity. The chemical composition of the berries varies depending on cultivar, variety, location of growth, environmental conditions and harvest time, as well as post-harvest treatments therefore the composition differed from berry fruit to another. Thus, berry fruits are very useful in nutrition to protect the body from many diseases because of its containment of these compounds, which act as free radicals scavenger that harm the body and thus rid the body of many harmful toxins.

The ecology of sympatric scincid lizards (Ctenotus) in arid South Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Read
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Olympic Dam

Ctenotus skinks are the most diverse and abundant diurnal reptile genus at Olympic Dam, in the South Australian arid zone. The home range, demography, reproduction and diet of five syntopic Ctenotus species was studied over a 6-year period in chenopod shrubland. Longevity frequently exceeded three years in C. regius, four years in C. schomburgkii and five years in C. leonhardii, with a 7-year-old specimen of C. leonhardii being recorded. Females of most species tended to be larger and lived longer than males. Two eggs were typically laid by each species in early summer. Annual reproductive effort, particularly in C. leonhardii, varied considerably depending upon the prevailing environmental conditions. All local species apparently occupied home ranges, with maximum recapture radii in different species of 40–60 m. Ctenotus appear to be unspecialised insectivores, although plant material and lizards are sometimes eaten by the larger species.

scholarly journals UPLC-MS/MS characterization of phenolic constituents in fennel seed extracts (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Zorić ◽  
Maja Repajić ◽  
Valentina Kruk ◽  
Branka Levaj ◽  
Danijela Bursać Kovačević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

AbstractReports in the recent literature indicate that consumption of phytochemicals (e.g. plant polyphenols) has been associated with a wide range of health benefits. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is common Mediterranean plant that has been widely used as medicinal and aromatic herb. Numerous studies reported the use of fennel extracts (plant or seed) due to its diversity of phenolic compounds to whom inhibitory effects against several diseases are prescribed. Hence, phenolic compounds isolated from fennel are of the great interest for the use in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.In order to obtain the highest quality of the fennel extracts, the selection of an effective extraction procedure is required. Nowadays, innovative extraction techniques have been introduced for isolation of bioactive compounds from plant material, among which pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was reported as automated extraction procedure that combines effects of elevated temperature and pressure to increase the efficiency of the extraction process. Improved efficiency is also achieved by selecting the right solvent and by optimizing processing conditions (temperature, static time, cycle number).Thus, PLE was applied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from fennel seeds. The effects of exhaustive extraction (acetone followed by methanol) as well as extraction temperatures (75 and 100 °C), static time (5 and 10 min) and cycle number (1,2,3) on the phenolic compounds concentrations were evaluated. A total of 27 phenolic compounds were identified and characterized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS whereas 6 different categories are distinguished: (1) simple phenolic acid derivatives, (2) hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid derivatives, (3) flavonoid diglycosides, (4) flavonoid O-rhamnoglucosides, (5) flavonoid glucuronides and (6) flavonoid glycosides. Phenolic compounds were identified by comparing retention time and m/z values obtained by MS and MS/MS with the mass spectra from corresponding standards whereas the quantification was made on the basis of their peak areas and comparison with calibration curve obtained with the corresponding standards. Obtained results indicated that hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid derivatives (10 compounds) and flavonoid glucuronides (3 compounds) were found as the most abundant phenolics in acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that optimized PLE conditions for the most effective extraction of phenolic compounds were as follows: 100 °C/10 min/3 cycles for acetone and 100 °C/5 min/3 cycles for methanol extracts. In conclusion, PLE might be considered as a rapid and effective extraction procedure that could be useful in production of fennel seeds extracts.

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